总是看到python源码中出现@这个符号。
有点不太清楚python装饰器,现在写一篇博客分享一下现在自己的认识,大部分是从另外一篇博客上知道的。
装饰器的作用其实就是为了已经存在的函数或对象添加额外的功能,其返回值也为一个函数,同时也有类装饰器,其通过__call__函数来添加额外功能。
装饰器举例:
def debug(func):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): # 指定宇宙无敌参数
print ("[DEBUG]: enter {}()".format(func.__name__))
print ('Prepare and say...'),
return func(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper # 返回
@debug
def say(something):
print ("hello {}!".format(something))
say('hi')
[DEBUG]: enter say()
Prepare and say...
hello hi!
带参数的装饰器举例:
def logging(level):
def wrapper(func):
def inner_wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
print ("[{level}]: enter function {func}()".format(
level=level,
func=func.__name__))
return func(*args, **kwargs)
return inner_wrapper
return wrapper
@logging(level='INFO')
def say(something):
print ("say {}!".format(something))
# 如果没有使用@语法,等同于
# say = logging(level='INFO')(say)
@logging(level='DEBUG')
def do(something):
print ("do {}...".format(something))
if __name__ == '__main__':
say('hello')
do("my work")
[INFO]: enter function say()
say hello!
[DEBUG]: enter function do()
do my work...
类装饰器是通过其__call__函数来操作的,类装饰器举例:
class logging(object):
def __init__(self, func):
self.func = func
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
print ("[DEBUG]: enter function {func}()".format(
func=self.func.__name__))
return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
@logging
def say(something):
print ("say {}!".format(something))
say('hi')
[DEBUG]: enter function say()
say hi!
带参数的类装饰器
class logging(object):
def __init__(self, level='INFO'):
self.level = level
def __call__(self, func): # 接受函数
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
print ("[{level}]: enter function {func}()".format(
level=self.level,
func=func.__name__))
func(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper #返回函数
@logging(level='INFO')
def say(something):
print ("say {}!".format(something))
say('test')
[INFO]: enter function say()
say test!