Nginx入门

Nginx下载

1、官网 http://nginx.org/en/download.html 下载Nginx

2、Nginx介绍 http://nginx.org/en/docs/

Nginx 反向代理

反向代理：服务端的代理，用户无感知
正向代理：客户端的代理，例如VPN即为一个正向代理

conf文件介绍

conf 文件大致可以拆分为这几类:

• 全局块：配置影响nginx全局的指令。一般有运行nginx服务器的用户组，nginx进程pid存放路径，日志存放路径，配置文件引入，允许生成worker process数等。
• events块：配置影响nginx服务器或与用户的网络连接。有每个进程的最大连接数，选取哪种事件驱动模型处理连接请求，是否允许同时接受多个网路连接，开启多个网络连接序列化等。
• http块：可以嵌套多个server，配置代理，缓存，日志定义等绝大多数功能和第三方模块的配置。如文件引入，mime-type定义，日志自定义，是否使用sendfile传输文件，连接超时时间，单连接请求数等。
• server块：配置虚拟主机的相关参数，一个http中可以有多个server。
• location块：配置请求的路由，以及各种页面的处理情况。

#------------全局配置--------------
#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;
#------------全局配置--------------


#------------event配置--------------
#1、设置连接数。。。
events {
    worker_connections  1024;  #最大连接数
}
#------------event配置--------------

#------------http 配置--------------
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;  #默认文件类型

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;  #取消服务日志  

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
#------------http 配置--------------

    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

#------------https 配置--------------
    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}
#------------https配置--------------

http模块

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  text/plain;  #设置为text
 
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        #匹配/a/XX路径
        location /a {
            echo "/a"; #输出 /a
        }
        
        #精确匹配/a路径
        location = /a {
            echo "=/a"; 
        }
      
        #匹配以/a开头路径
        location ^ ~ /a {
            echo " ^ ~ /a "; 
        }
        
        #匹配正则表达式 \w(字母、数字、下划线）路径
        location ~ ^/ \w {  #引用正则表达式前面加~;^表示正则开头
            echo " ~ / \w"; 
        }

        #匹配正则表达式 [a-z] (a-z字母）路径
        location ~^ / [a-z] {  #引用正则表达式前面加~
            echo " ~^ / [a-z] "; 
        }

        #error页面转发
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }

1、当优先级相同时，按顺序进行匹配
2、精准匹配>正则>通用

Nginx 负载均衡

   upstream mysvr {   
      server 127.0.0.1:7878 weight=2; #设置权重为2
      server 192.168.10.121:3333 weight=1;  
    }

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;  #默认文件类型
 
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            proxy_pass   http://mysvr;  #指定转发
        }
    }