fcntl函数

编程时可通过fcntl函数设置文件的阻塞特性。

设置为阻塞：fcntl（fd，F_SETFL，0）；

设置为非阻塞：fcntl（fd，F_SETFL，O_NONBLOCK）；

fcntl -- manipulate file descriptor

int fcntl(int fd, int cmd,.../*arg*/);

cmd:

F_GETFD(void)：read the file descriptor flags; arg is ignored.

F_SETFD(long): set the file descriptor flags to the value specified by arg.

FD_CLOEXEC: the close-on-exec flag. If the FD_CLOEXEC bit is 0, the file descriptor  will remain open across an exec, otherwise it will be closed.

F_SETFL(long): set the file status flags to the value specified by arg.

---- File access mode (O_RDONLY,O_WRONLY,O_RDWR)

F_GETFL(void) :read the file status flags; arg is ignored.

复习从管道中读数据的特点：

1）默认用read函数从管道中读数据是阻塞的。

2）调用write函数向管道里写数据，当缓冲区已满时write也会阻塞。

3）通信过程中，读端口全部关闭后，写进程向管道内写数据时，写进程会（收到SIGPIPE信号）退出。

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc,char * argv[])
{
        int fd_pipe[2];
        char buf[] = "hello world";
        pid_t pid;
        if(pipe(fd_pipe) < 0)
                perror("pipe");
        pid = fork();
        if(pid < 0){
                perror("fork");
                exit(-1);
        }
        if(pid == 0){
                sleep(3);
                printf("child:before write.\n");
                write(fd_pipe[1],buf,strlen(buf));
                printf("child:after write.\n");
                _exit(0);
        }else{
                fcntl(fd_pipe[0],F_SETFL,0); //set read block
                while(1){
                        memset(buf,0,sizeof(buf));
                        printf("parent:before read.\n");
                        read(fd_pipe[0],buf,sizeof(buf));//wait 3s
                        printf("parent:after read.\n");
                        printf("read: buf = %s\n",buf);
                        sleep(1);
                }
                //wait(NULL);//parent process,wait any child process's termination
        }
        return 0;
}

运行结果如下：

修改管道的属性是非阻塞的后，即使管道里面为空，也不会阻塞，输出空字符即可。

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc,char * argv[])
{
        int fd_pipe[2];
        char buf[] = "hello world";
        pid_t pid;
        if(pipe(fd_pipe) < 0)
                perror("pipe");
        pid = fork();
        if(pid < 0){
                perror("fork");
                exit(-1);
        }
        if(pid == 0){
                sleep(3);
                printf("child:before write.\n");
                write(fd_pipe[1],buf,strlen(buf));
                printf("child:after write.\n");
                _exit(0);
        }else{
                fcntl(fd_pipe[0],F_SETFL,O_NONBLOCK); //set read non block
                while(1){
                        memset(buf,0,sizeof(buf));
                        printf("parent:before read.\n");
                        read(fd_pipe[0],buf,sizeof(buf));//no need wait
                        printf("parent:after read.\n");
                        printf("read: buf = [%s]\n",buf);
                        sleep(1);
                }
                //wait(NULL);//parent process,wait any child process's termination
        }
        return 0;
}

编译运行后输出结果如下：