STL之partial_sort

// partial_sort, partial_sort_copy, and auxiliary functions.
//重新安排序列[first,last)，使序列前半部分middle-first个最小元素以递增顺序排序，并将其置于[first,middle)
//其余last-middle个元素不指定任何排序，并将其置于[middle,last)
//注意：迭代器middle是在[first,last)范围之内

/*
函数功能：Rearranges the elements in the range [first,last), 
in such a way that the elements before middle are the smallest elements in the entire range 
and are sorted in ascending order, while the remaining elements are left without any specific order.

函数原型：
default (1)	版本一 operator< 
	template <class RandomAccessIterator>
	void partial_sort (RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator middle,
                     RandomAccessIterator last);
custom (2) 版本二 comp	
	template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
	void partial_sort (RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator middle,
                     RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp);
*/

template <class _RandomAccessIter, class _Tp>
void __partial_sort(_RandomAccessIter __first, _RandomAccessIter __middle,
                    _RandomAccessIter __last, _Tp*) {
		//利用heap的知识，在SGI STL中，是采用最大堆
		//将[first,middle)区间的元素创建成最大堆
		//再根据最大堆的性质，一个一个弹出堆，并将其保存，即堆排序
  make_heap(__first, __middle);//创建最大堆，定义与<stl_heap.h>文件
  //以下是在区间中[first,last)找出middle-first个最小元素
  //这里的是将后半部分[middle,last)的元素依次与最大堆的根节点元素(即堆的最大元素)比较
  //若小于堆的最大元素，则与堆的最大元素交换，并调整堆，使其依次成为最大堆
  //若不小于堆的最大元素，则不作任何操作
  for (_RandomAccessIter __i = __middle; __i < __last; ++__i)
    if (*__i < *__first) 
      __pop_heap(__first, __middle, __i, _Tp(*__i),
                 __DISTANCE_TYPE(__first));
  sort_heap(__first, __middle);//对最大堆进行堆排序
}
//版本一
template <class _RandomAccessIter>
inline void partial_sort(_RandomAccessIter __first,
                         _RandomAccessIter __middle,
                         _RandomAccessIter __last) {
  __STL_REQUIRES(_RandomAccessIter, _Mutable_RandomAccessIterator);
  __STL_REQUIRES(typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIter>::value_type,
                 _LessThanComparable);
  __partial_sort(__first, __middle, __last, __VALUE_TYPE(__first));
}

template <class _RandomAccessIter, class _Tp, class _Compare>
void __partial_sort(_RandomAccessIter __first, _RandomAccessIter __middle,
                    _RandomAccessIter __last, _Tp*, _Compare __comp) {
  make_heap(__first, __middle, __comp);
  for (_RandomAccessIter __i = __middle; __i < __last; ++__i)
    if (__comp(*__i, *__first))
      __pop_heap(__first, __middle, __i, _Tp(*__i), __comp,
                 __DISTANCE_TYPE(__first));
  sort_heap(__first, __middle, __comp);
}
//版本二
template <class _RandomAccessIter, class _Compare>
inline void partial_sort(_RandomAccessIter __first,
                         _RandomAccessIter __middle,
                         _RandomAccessIter __last, _Compare __comp) {
  __STL_REQUIRES(_RandomAccessIter, _Mutable_RandomAccessIterator);
  __STL_BINARY_FUNCTION_CHECK(_Compare, bool, 
      typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIter>::value_type,
      typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIter>::value_type);
  __partial_sort(__first, __middle, __last, __VALUE_TYPE(__first), __comp);
}
//partial_sort_copy与partial_sort的实现机制是相同，只是partial_sort_copy将元素排序后放在以result起始的容器中
template <class _InputIter, class _RandomAccessIter, class _Distance,
          class _Tp>
_RandomAccessIter __partial_sort_copy(_InputIter __first,
                                      _InputIter __last,
                                      _RandomAccessIter __result_first,
                                      _RandomAccessIter __result_last, 
                                      _Distance*, _Tp*) {
  if (__result_first == __result_last) return __result_last;
  _RandomAccessIter __result_real_last = __result_first;
  while(__first != __last && __result_real_last != __result_last) {
    *__result_real_last = *__first;
    ++__result_real_last;
    ++__first;
  }
  make_heap(__result_first, __result_real_last);
  while (__first != __last) {
    if (*__first < *__result_first) 
      __adjust_heap(__result_first, _Distance(0),
                    _Distance(__result_real_last - __result_first),
                    _Tp(*__first));
    ++__first;
  }
  sort_heap(__result_first, __result_real_last);
  return __result_real_last;
}

template <class _InputIter, class _RandomAccessIter>
inline _RandomAccessIter
partial_sort_copy(_InputIter __first, _InputIter __last,
                  _RandomAccessIter __result_first,
                  _RandomAccessIter __result_last) {
  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIter, _InputIterator);
  __STL_REQUIRES(_RandomAccessIter, _Mutable_RandomAccessIterator);
  __STL_CONVERTIBLE(typename iterator_traits<_InputIter>::value_type,
                    typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIter>::value_type);
  __STL_REQUIRES(typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIter>::value_type,
                 _LessThanComparable);
  __STL_REQUIRES(typename iterator_traits<_InputIter>::value_type,
                 _LessThanComparable);
  return __partial_sort_copy(__first, __last, __result_first, __result_last, 
                             __DISTANCE_TYPE(__result_first),
                             __VALUE_TYPE(__first));
}

template <class _InputIter, class _RandomAccessIter, class _Compare,
          class _Distance, class _Tp>
_RandomAccessIter __partial_sort_copy(_InputIter __first,
                                         _InputIter __last,
                                         _RandomAccessIter __result_first,
                                         _RandomAccessIter __result_last,
                                         _Compare __comp, _Distance*, _Tp*) {
  if (__result_first == __result_last) return __result_last;
  _RandomAccessIter __result_real_last = __result_first;
  while(__first != __last && __result_real_last != __result_last) {
    *__result_real_last = *__first;
    ++__result_real_last;
    ++__first;
  }
  make_heap(__result_first, __result_real_last, __comp);
  while (__first != __last) {
    if (__comp(*__first, *__result_first))
      __adjust_heap(__result_first, _Distance(0),
                    _Distance(__result_real_last - __result_first),
                    _Tp(*__first),
                    __comp);
    ++__first;
  }
  sort_heap(__result_first, __result_real_last, __comp);
  return __result_real_last;
}

template <class _InputIter, class _RandomAccessIter, class _Compare>
inline _RandomAccessIter
partial_sort_copy(_InputIter __first, _InputIter __last,
                  _RandomAccessIter __result_first,
                  _RandomAccessIter __result_last, _Compare __comp) {
  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIter, _InputIterator);
  __STL_REQUIRES(_RandomAccessIter, _Mutable_RandomAccessIterator);
  __STL_CONVERTIBLE(typename iterator_traits<_InputIter>::value_type,
                    typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIter>::value_type);
  __STL_BINARY_FUNCTION_CHECK(_Compare, bool,
     typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIter>::value_type,
     typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIter>::value_type);  
  return __partial_sort_copy(__first, __last, __result_first, __result_last,
                             __comp,
                             __DISTANCE_TYPE(__result_first),
                             __VALUE_TYPE(__first));
}