ArrayList HashSet HashMap 的线程不安全实例显示，及改进方案和源码解析

ArrayList

public class ThreadTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();//CopyOnWriteArrayList();

        for (int i =1; i<=30 ; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                list.add("a");
                list.add("b");
                list.add("c");
                list.add("d");
                System.out.println(list.toString());
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

报错信息：

java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
    at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.checkForComodification(ArrayList.java:901)
    at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.next(ArrayList.java:851)
    at java.util.AbstractCollection.toString(AbstractCollection.java:461)
    at com.atguigu.thread.ThreadTest.lambda$main$0(ThreadTest.java:19)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

异常原因： 因为在数据存储过程中有多个线程同时操作list集合，造成并发修改异常

解决方案：

List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList();

使用线程安全的CopyOnWriteArrayList集合类

源码解析：

/**
* Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
*/
public boolean add(E e) {
        //对数据存储过程加锁
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            Object[] elements = getArray();
            int len = elements.length;
            //把原来的数组数据拷贝到比原数组大于1的数组中
            Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
            //把要添加的元素添加到最后的位置
            newElements[len] = e;
            //把新数组赋值给集合
            setArray(newElements);
            return true;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

HashSet

public class ThreadTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();//CopyOnWriteArrayset();

        for (int i =1; i<=30 ; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                set.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
                set.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
                set.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
                set.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
                System.out.println(set.toString());
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

报错信息：

Exception in thread "Thread-21" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
    at java.util.HashMap$HashIterator.nextNode(HashMap.java:1429)
    at java.util.HashMap$KeyIterator.next(HashMap.java:1453)
    at java.util.AbstractCollection.toString(AbstractCollection.java:461)
    at com.atguigu.thread.ThreadTest.lambda$main$0(ThreadTest.java:20)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

解决方案：

Set<String> set = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>();

HashMap

 

原因和异常同上;

解决方式：

Map<String, String> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();