include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
;原理：把任何一个字符与二进制数 11011111进行与运算 ，则除5位以外的所有位都不变，就相当于
; 把ASCII码加上了100000也就是64.code
main PROC
mov al,01100001b
and al,11011111b
call WriteChar
call WaitMsg
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
02.OR指令及其应用
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
;原理：把任何一个字符与二进制数 00100000进行或运算 ，则除5位以外的所有位都不变，就相当于
; 把ASCII码减去·1了100000也就是64.code
main PROC
;大写转小写
mov al,01000001b
or al,61h
call WriteChar
call WaitMsg
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
03.位映射集
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
SetX DWORD 10000000000000000000000000000111b
SetY DWORD 01101010101010101010111110000001b
.code
main PROC
;测试操作①
mov eax,SetX
and eax,10000b ;元素[4]是SetX的成员吗？
call WriteBin ;输出结果 如果结果为0则不是
call Crlf
;测试操作②
not eax ;求解eax的补集
call WriteBin
call Crlf
;测试操作③
or eax,SetX ;测试并集
call WriteBin
call Crlf
or eax,SetY
call WriteBin
call Crlf
call WaitMsg
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
04.检查奇偶标志位
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
main PROC
and eax,0;将与本例子无关的01 屏蔽掉
;如果奇偶标志位置1，那么就是偶校验 反之就是奇校验
mov al,10110101b ;五个一 奇校验
xor al,0;奇校验 奇偶标志位清零
mov al,11001100b ;四个一 偶校验
xor al,0;偶校验 奇偶标志位清零
call WriteBin
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
05.16bit奇偶性
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
main PROC
;对于十六位整数来说，可以通过将其高位字节和低位字节进行异或运算来监测数据的奇偶性
;奇偶性检测的结果可以再奇偶校验位里面查看
mov ax,100xor al,ah
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
06.NOT指令
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
main PROC
mov al,11111111b
not al
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
07.TEST指令
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
main PROC
;test指令用来测试指定的bit是否为1; test al,pattern 指的是只有当al里面所有的bit满足pattern
; 的要求之后ZF标志位才置一 实际上就是al与pattern进行与运算
; 但是test指令总是优先清除溢出 和 进位标志 如果ZF=0则测试
; 失败 反之则测试成功
mov al,11111110b
test al,11110000b
call DumpRegs
call Crlf
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
08.cmp指令对0标志位的影响
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
main PROC
;01
mov ax,5
cmp ax,10;ZF=0 CF=1;02
mov ax,1000
mov cx,1000
cmp ax,cx ;ZF=1 CF=0;03
mov si,105
cmp si,0;ZF=0 CF=0
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
09.0标志位的置位和清零
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
main PROC
test al,0;零标志位置1
and al,0;零标志位置1
or al,1;零标志位清0
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
10.符号标志位的置位与清零
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
main PROC
or al,80h ;80h==10000000b 符号位置1and al,7fh ;7fh==01111111b 符号位清0
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
11.进位标志位的置位和清零
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
main PROC
stc ;进位标志位置一
clc ;进位标志位清零
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
12.溢出标志位的置位和清零
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
main PROC
mov al,7fh
inc al ;溢出标志位置位
or eax，0;溢出标志位清零
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
13.求解两个数中较大的数
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
main PROC
;本程序输出两个数字比较大的那一个数字
mov eax,10
mov ebx,20
mov edx,eax ;假设eax存放了较大的数
cmp eax,ebx ;如果eax>=ebx
jae L1 ;则跳转到L1
mov edx,ebx ;否则将ebx的数值送入edx
L1:
mov eax,edx
call WriteInt
call WaitMsg
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
14.求解三个数中比较小的数
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
V1 WORD 1
V2 WORD 2
V3 WORD 3.code
main PROC
;本程序求解三个数字中比较小的数字并输出
mov ax,V1 ;假设V1是最小值
cmp ax,V2 ;如果AX<=V2
jbe L1 ;则跳转到L1
mov ax,V2 ;否则将V2送入AX
L1:
cmp ax,V3 ;如果AX<=V3
jbe L2 ;则跳转到L2
mov ax,V3 ;否则将V3送入AX
L2:
movzx eax,ax
call WriteInt
call WaitMsg
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
15.循环直到按下键
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
char BYTE 0;保存按下键盘的ASCII
.code
main PROC
L1:
mov eax,10
call Delay
call ReadKey
jz L1
mov char,AL ;读取的键的ASCII码保存在al中
movzx eax,al
call WriteInt ;输出按下键的ASCII码
call WaitMsg
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
16.顺序搜索数组
;扫描数组 (ArrayScan.asm);扫描数组寻找第一个非零数值
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
intArray SWORD 0,0,0,0,1,20,35,-12,66,4,0;intArray SWORD 1,0,0,0;候补测试数据
;intArray SWORD 0,0,0,0;候补测试数据
;intArray SWORD 0,0,0,1;候补测试数据
nonMsg BYTE "A non-zero value was not found!",0.code
main PROC
mov ebx,offset intArray ;指向数组
mov ecx,LENGTHOF intArray ;循环计数器
L1:
cmp WORD ptr [ebx],0;将数值与0比较
jnz found ;寻找数值
add ebx,2;指向下一个元素
loop L1 ;继续循环
jmp notFound ;没有发现非零数值
found:
movsx eax,word ptr[ebx];送入eax并进行符号扩展
call WriteInt
jmp quit
notfound:
mov edx,offset nonMsg ;显示没有发现消息
call WriteString
quit:
call Crlf
call WaitMsg
exit
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
array SWORD -3,-6,-1,210,10,30,40,4
sentinel SWORD 0.code
main PROC
mov esi,offset array
mov ecx,lengthof array
L1:
test word ptr [esi],8000h ;测试符号位
pushfd ;标志位入栈
add esi,type array ;移动到下一个位置
popfd
loopnz L1 ;继续循环
jnz quit1 ;没有发现正数
sub esi,TYPE array ;esi指向数值
jmp quit2 ;结束并输出第一个正数
quit1:
ret
quit2:
movzx eax,word ptr[esi]
call WriteInt
call WaitMsg
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
19.Flowchart
; Flowchart Example(Flowchart.asm); Implements the flowchart in Figure 6-2,; Calculates the sum of all array elements larger than
; a given value(sample).
INCLUDE Irvine32.inc
.data
sum DWORD 0
sample DWORD 50
array DWORD 10,60,20,33,72,89,45,65,72,18
ArraySize =($ - Array)/ TYPE array
.code
main PROC
mov eax,0; sum
mov edx,sample
mov esi,0; index
mov ecx,ArraySize
L1: cmp esi,ecx
jl L2
jmp L5
L2: cmp array[esi*4], edx
jg L3
jmp L4
L3: add eax,array[esi*4]
L4: inc esi
jmp L1
L5: mov sum,eax
call Writeint
call Crlf
exit
main ENDP
END main
20.表驱动选择
;过程量偏移表 ProcTable.asm;本程序包含了过程量偏移的表格
;它用这个表格执行间接过程调用
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
CaseTable BYTE 'A';查询值
DWORD Process_A ;过程地址
EntrySize =($-CaseTable)
BYTE 'B'
DWORD Process_B
BYTE 'C'
DWORD Process_C
BYTE 'D'
DWORD Process_D
NumberOfEntries =($-CaseTable)/EntrySize
prompt BYTE "Press capital A B C or D:",0;为每一个过程定义独立的消息字符串
msgA BYTE "Process_A",0
msgB BYTE "Process_B",0
msgC BYTE "Process_C",0
msgD BYTE "Process_D",0.code
main PROC
mov edx,offset prompt ;请求用户输入
call WriteString
call ReadChar ;读取字符到AL
mov ebx,offset CaseTable ;设置EBX为表指针
mov ecx,NumberOfEntries ;循环计数器
L1:
cmp al,[ebx];发现匹配项？
jne L2 ;否，继续
call near PTR [ebx+1];是，调用过程 间接调用需要使用near ptr来指定函数的名字
call WriteString ;显示消息
call Crlf
jmp L3 ;退出搜索
L2:
add ebx,EntrySize ;指向下一个表项
loop L1 ;重复查询直到ECX=0
L3:
call WaitMsg
exit
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
;下面的每一个过程向edx加载不同的字符串偏移量
Process_A PROC
mov edx,offset msgA
ret
Process_A ENDP
Process_B PROC
mov edx,offset msgB
ret
Process_B ENDP
Process_C PROC
mov edx,offset msgC
ret
Process_C ENDP
Process_D PROC
mov edx,offset msgD
ret
Process_D ENDP
END main
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
; Use the .IF and .ENDIF directives to perform
; run-time range checks on parameters passed to
; the SetCursorPosition procedure.
main PROC
mov dl,79
mov dh,24
call SetCursorPosition
call WaitMsg
main ENDP
SetCursorPosition PROC
;set the cursor position
;receives:DL=X-coordinate,DH=Y-coordinate
;checks the range of DL and DH
.data
BadXCoordMsg BYTE "X-Coordiante out of range!",0DH,0AH,0
BadYCoordMsg BYTE "Y-Coordiante out of range!",0DH,0AH,0
.code
.IF(DL<0)||(DL>79)
mov edx,offset BadXCoordMsg
call WriteString
jmp quit
.ENDIF
.IF(DH<0)||(DH>24)
mov edx,offset BadYCoordMsg
call WriteString
jmp quit
.ENDIF
call Gotoxy
quit:
ret
SetCursorPosition ENDP
END main
23.大学生注册实例
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
TRUE=1
FALSE=0
gradeAverage WORD 275;要检查的数
credits WORD 12;要检查的数
OkToRegister BYTE 0.code
main PROC
;本程序监察一个学生是否有注册资格
mov OkToRegister,FALSE
.IF gradeAverage >350
mov OkToRegister,TRUE
.ELSEIF(gradeAverage >250)&&(credits <=16)
mov OkToRegister,TRUE
.ELSEIF(credits <=12)
mov OkToRegister,TRUE
.ENDIF
movzx eax,OkToRegister
call WriteInt
call WaitMsg
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
24.使用WHILE创建循环
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
main PROC
mov eax,0.WHILE eax<10
inc eax
call WriteDec
call Crlf
.ENDW
call WaitMsg
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
25.使用REPEAT和UNTIL创建循环
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
main PROC
mov eax,0.REPEAT
inc eax
call WriteDec
call Crlf
.UNTIL eax ==10
call WaitMsg
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
26.含有WHILE语句的循环
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
X DWORD 0
op1 DWORD 2
op2 DWORD 4
op3 DWORD 5.code
main PROC
mov eax,op1
mov ebx,op2
mov ecx,op3
.WHILE eax<ebx
inc eax
.IF eax == ecx
mov X,2.ELSE
mov X,3.ENDIF
.ENDW
mov eax,X
call WriteInt
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
习题
6.10.01 (1~9)
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
main PROC
;01
mov bx,0FFFFh
and bx,6Bh ;bx=;02
mov bx,91BAh
and bx,92h ;bx=;03
mov bx,0649Bh
or bx,3Ah ;bx=;04
mov bx,029D6h
xor bx,8181h ;bx=;05
mov ebx,0AFAF649Bh
or ebx,3A219604h ;ebx=;06;mov rbx,0AFAF6949Bh
;xor rbx,0FFFFFFFFFh ;rbx=;07
mov al,01101111b
and al,00101101b ;AL=
mov al,6Dh
and al,4Ah ;AL=
mov al,00001111b
or al,61h ;AL=
mov al,94h
xor al,37h ;AL=;08
mov al,7Ah
not al ;AL=
mov al,3Dh
and al,74h ;AL=
mov al,9Bh
or al,35h ;AL=
mov al,72h
xor al,0DCh ;AL=;09
mov al,00001111b
test al,00000010b ;CF= ZF= SF=
mov al,00000110b
cmp al,00000101b ;CF= ZF= SF=
mov al,00000101b
cmp al,00000111b ;CF= ZF= SF=
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
6.10.02.01
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
main PROC
mov al,10and al,11111111b
movzx eax, al
call WriteBin
call WaitMsg
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
6.10.02.02
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
oPrompt BYTE "ODD",0
ePrompt BYTE "EVEN",0.code
main PROC
mov eax,1and eax,0001H
.IF eax==0
mov edx,offset ePrompt
.ELSE
mov edx,offset oPrompt
.ENDIF
call WriteString
call WaitMsg
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
6.10.02.03
include irvine32.inc
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
SetX DWORD 10000000000000000000000000000111b
SetY DWORD 01101010101010101010111110000001b
.code
main PROC
mov eax,SetX
mov ebx,SetY
not ebx
and eax,ebx
call WriteBin
call WaitMsg
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
6.10.02.04
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
main PROC
mov dx,10
mov cx,11
cmp dx,cx
jb L1
L1:
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
6.10.02.05
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
main PROC
mov ax,+10
mov cx,-10
cmp ax,cx
jg L2
;do something here
L2:
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
6.10.02.06
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
.code
main PROC
and AL,11111100b
.IF AL==0
jmp L3
.ELSE
jmp L4
.ENDIF
L3:;do something
L4:;do something
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
6.10.02.07
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
val1 DWORD 1
X DWORD 0.code
main PROC
mov ecx,2
mov edx,3.IF(val1>ecx)&&(ecx>edx)
mov X,1.ELSE
mov X,2.ENDIF
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
6.10.02.08
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
val1 DWORD 1
X DWORD 0.code
main PROC
mov ecx,2
mov ebx,3.IF(ebx>ecx)&&(ebx>val1)
mov X,1.ELSE
mov X,2.ENDIF
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
6.10.02.09
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
val1 DWORD 1
X DWORD 0.code
main PROC
mov ecx,2
mov edx,3
mov ebx,4.IF(ebx>ecx && ebx>edx)||(edx>eax)
mov X,1.ELSE
mov X,2.ENDIF
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
6.10.02.10
.686p
.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess PROTO,dwExitCode:DWORD
.data
A DWORD 1
B DWORD 2.code
main PROC
mov eax,10.WHILE eax>0.IF eax !=3&&(eax<A || eax>B)
sub eax,3.ENDIF
.ENDW
invoke ExitProcess,0
main ENDP
END main
6.11.2.01
; Exercise 1: Filling an Array
Comment !
Create a procedure that fills an array of doubleword with N random integers, making
sure the values fall within the range j..k. When calling the procedure, pass a
pointer to the array that will hold the data, pass N,and pass the values of j
and k. Write a test program that calls the procedure twice,using different
values for N, j,and k.!
INCLUDE Irvine32.inc
.data
intArray sdword 50DUP(?)
count DWORD 0.code
main PROC
call Randomize
mov esi,OFFSET intArray ; point to the array
mov ecx,LENGTHOF intArray ; N
mov ebx,10; lower limit(j)
mov eax,20; upper limit(k)
call FillRandom
mov ebx,5
mov eax,50; upper limit(k)
call FillRandom
exit
main ENDP
FillRandom proc
; Input parameters:; ESI points to the array, ECX is the size
; EBX = lower base, EAX = upper limit
pushad
sub eax,ebx ; calculate interval size
inc eax
L1: push eax ; save the interval size
call RandomRange ; generates value(0 to EAX-1)
add eax,ebx ; add it to the base
mov [esi],eax
pop eax
add esi,4
loop L1
popad
ret
FillRandom endp
END main
6.11.2.02
; Exercise 2: Summing Array Elements in a Range
COMMENT !
Create a procedure that returns the sum of all array elements falling
within the range j..k(inclusive). Write a test program that calls
the procedure twice, passing a pointer to a signed doubleword array, the
size of the array,and the values of j and k. Return the sum in
the EAX register.!.386.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess proto,dwExitCode:dword
.data
lowerLimit dword 20
upperLimit dword 40
array_1 sdword 10,30,25,15,17,19,40,41,43; sum:5Fh (95)
count_1 = LENGTHOF array_1
array_2 sdword 10,-30,25,15,-17,55,40,41,43; sum:41h (65)
count_2 = LENGTHOF array_2
.code
main proc
mov ebx,lowerLimit
mov edx,upperLimit
mov esi,OFFSET array_1
mov ecx,count_1
call CalcSumRange ; returns sum in EAX
call CalcSumRange ; call second time to see if registers are preserved
mov esi,OFFSET array_2
mov ecx,count_2
call CalcSumRange ; returns sum in EAX
invoke ExitProcess,0
main endp
CalcSumRange proc
.data
sum sdword ?.code
; Input parameters:;[EBX,EDX]= inclusive range
; ESI = points to the array
; ECX = array size
; Returns: EAX = sum
push esi
push ecx
mov sum,0
L1: mov eax,[esi]; get next value
cmp eax,ebx ; check lower limit
jl next
cmp eax,edx ; check upper limit
jg next
add sum,eax ; must be in range
next:
add esi,4; move to next element
loop L1 ;continue loop
mov eax,sum ;return value in EAX
pop ecx
pop esi
ret
CalcSumRange endp
end main
6.11.2.03
; Exercise 3: Test Score Evaluation
Comment !
Create a procedure named CalcGrade that receives an integer value
between 0and100,and returns a single capital letter in the AL
register. Preserve all other register values between calls to the
procedure. The letter returned by the procedure should be according
to the following ranges:
Score Range Letter Grade
-------------------------90 to 100 A
80 to 89 B
70 to 79 C
60 to 69 D
0 to 59 F
Write a test program that generates 10 random integers between 50and100,
inclusive. Each time an integer is generated, pass it to the CalcGrade
procedure. You can test your program using a debugger,orif you prefer
to use the book's library, you can display each integer and its corresponding
letter grade.!
include Irvine32.inc
.data
str1 BYTE ": The letter grade is ",0
grade BYTE ?.code
main PROC
call Randomize
mov ecx,10; repeat loop 10 times
again:
push ecx ; save loop counter
mov eax,51
call RandomRange ; value [0..50]
add eax,50; becomes [50..100]
call WriteDec ; optional print statement
call CalcGrade ; returns the grade in AL
mov grade,al
; Print the grade(optional)
mov edx,OFFSET str1 ;": The letter grade is "
call WriteString
mov al,grade
call WriteChar ; display grade letter(AL)
call Crlf
pop ecx ; restore the loop counter
loop again
exit
main ENDP
CalcGrade proc
; Calculates a letter grade
; Receives: EAX = numeric grade
; Returns: AL = letter grade
Grade_A:
cmp eax,90
jb Grade_B
mov al,'A'
jmp finished
Grade_B:
cmp eax,80
jb Grade_C
mov al,'B'
jmp finished
Grade_C:
cmp eax,70
jb Grade_D
mov al,'C'
jmp finished
Grade_D:
cmp eax,60
jb Grade_F
mov al,'D'
jmp finished
Grade_F:
mov al,'F'
finished:
ret
CalcGrade endp
END main
6.11.2.04
在这里插入代码片; Exercise 4: College Registration
Comment !
Using the College Registration example from
Section 6.7.2.2 as a starting point,do the following:
Recode the logic using CMP and conditional jump
instructions(instead of the .IF and.ELSEIF directives).
Perform range checking on the credits value; it cannot
be less than 1or greater than 30. If an invalid entry
is discovered, display an appropriate error message.!
include Irvine32.inc
TRUE =1
FALSE =0.data
gradeAverage DWORD ?
credits DWORD ?
OkToRegister DWORD ?
str1 BYTE "Error: Credits must be between 1 and 30",0dh,0ah,0
str2 BYTE "Enter the grade average [0 - 400]: ",0
str3 BYTE "Enter the requested number of credits: ",0
str4 BYTE "The student can register",0dh,0ah,0
str5 BYTE "The student cannot register",0dh,0ah,0.code
main PROC
call GetUserInput
call CheckRegistration
call ShowResults
exit
main ENDP
;-----------------------------------------------
GetUserInput PROC
;-----------------------------------------------
pushad
; ask for the grade average
mov edx,OFFSET str2
call WriteString
call Crlf
call ReadInt
mov gradeAverage,eax
; ask for the number of credits
mov edx,OFFSET str3
call WriteString
call Crlf
call ReadInt
mov credits,eax
popad
ret
GetUserInput ENDP
;-----------------------------------------------
ShowResults PROC
;-----------------------------------------------
pushad
cmp OkToRegister,TRUE
jne L2
L1: mov edx,offset str4 ; can register
call WriteString
jmp L3
L2: mov edx,offset str5 ; cannot register
call WriteString
L3: popad
ret
ShowResults ENDP
;-----------------------------------------------
CheckRegistration PROC
;; Evaluates the gradeAverage and number of
; credits,and sets the value of OkToRegister.; Displays an error message if credits are
;not in the range 1-30.; Receives: nothing
; Returns: sets boolean value of OkToRegister
;-----------------------------------------------
push edx
mov OkToRegister,FALSE
; Check credits for valid range 1-30
cmp credits,1; credits <1?
jb E1
cmp credits,30; credits >30?
ja E1
jmp L1 ; credits are ok
; Display error message: credits out of range
E1: mov edx,OFFSET str1
call WriteString
jmp L4
; Evaluate gradeAverage and credits,using the logic
; found in Section 6.7.2.2
L1: cmp gradeAverage,350;if gradeAverage >350
jna L2
mov OkToRegister,TRUE ; OkToRegister = TRUE
jmp L4
L2: cmp gradeAverage,250; elseif gradeAverage >250
jna L3
cmp credits,16;&& credits <=16
jnbe L3
mov OkToRegister,TRUE ; OKToRegister = TRUE
jmp L4
L3: cmp credits,12; elseif credits <=12
ja L4
mov OkToRegister,TRUE ; OKToRegister = TRUE
L4: pop edx ; endif
ret
CheckRegistration ENDP
END main
6.11.2.05
; Exercise 5: Boolean Calculator, Part 1
Comment !
Description: Create a program that functions as a
simple boolean calculator for32-bit integers. It
should display a menu that asks the user to make a
selection from the following list:1. x AND y
2. x OR y
3. NOT x
4. x XOR y
5. Exit program
When the user makes a choice, call a procedure that displays the name of the
operation about to be performed. You must implement this procedure using the
Table-Driven Selection technique, shown in Section 6.5.4.(We will implement
the operations in the exercise following this one.)!
include Irvine32.inc
.data
msgMenu BYTE "---- Boolean Calculator ----",0dh,0ah
BYTE 0dh,0ah
BYTE "1. x AND y",0dh,0ah
BYTE "2. x OR y",0dh,0ah
BYTE "3. NOT x",0dh,0ah
BYTE "4. x XOR y",0dh,0ah
BYTE "5. Exit program",0
msgAND BYTE "Boolean AND",0
msgOR BYTE "Boolean OR",0
msgNOT BYTE "Boolean NOT",0
msgXOR BYTE "Boolean XOR",0
caseTable BYTE '1'; lookup value
DWORD AND_op ; addres of procedure
EntrySize =($ - caseTable )
BYTE '2'
DWORD OR_op
BYTE '3'
DWORD NOT_op
BYTE '4'
DWORD XOR_op
BYTE '5'
DWORD ExitProgram
NumberOfEntries =($ - caseTable)/ EntrySize
.code
main PROC
call Clrscr
Menu:
mov edx, OFFSET msgMenu ; menu choices
call WriteString
call Crlf
L1: call ReadChar
cmp al,'5'; is selection valid(1-5)?
ja L1 ;if above 5, go back
cmp al,'1'
jb L1 ;if below 1, go back
call ChooseProcedure
jc quit ; exit if CF=1
call Crlf
call WriteString ; display message
call Crlf
call Crlf
jmp Menu ; display menu again
quit: exit
main ENDP
;------------------------------------------------
ChooseProcedure PROC
;; Selects a procedure from the caseTable
; Receives: AL = number of procedure
; Returns: nothing
;-----------------------------------------------
push ebx
push ecx
mov ebx, OFFSET caseTable ; pointer to the table
mov ecx, NumberOfEntries ; loop counter
L1: cmp al,[ebx]; match found?
jne L2 ; no:continue
call NEAR PTR [ebx +1]; yes: call the procedure
jmp L3
L2: add ebx, EntrySize ; point to the next entry
loop L1 ; repeat until ECX =0
L3: pop ecx
pop ebx
ret
ChooseProcedure ENDP
;------------------------------------------------
AND_op PROC
;; Receives: Nothing
; Returns: EDX = offset of message
;------------------------------------------------
mov edx, OFFSET msgAND ; message to display
ret
AND_op ENDP
;------------------------------------------------
OR_op PROC
;; Receives: Nothing
; Returns: EDX = offset of message
;------------------------------------------------
mov edx, OFFSET msgOR ; message to display
ret
OR_op ENDP
;------------------------------------------------
NOT_op PROC
;; Receives: Nothing
; Returns: EDX = offset of message
;------------------------------------------------
mov edx, OFFSET msgNOT ; message to display
ret
NOT_op ENDP
;------------------------------------------------
XOR_op PROC
;; Receives: Nothing
; Returns: EDX = offset of message
;------------------------------------------------
mov edx, OFFSET msgXOR ; message to display
ret
XOR_op ENDP
;------------------------------------------------
ExitProgram PROC
;; Receives: Nothing
; Sets CF =1 to signal end of program
;------------------------------------------------
stc ; CF =1
ret
ExitProgram ENDP
END main
6.11.2.06
; Exercise 6: Boolean Calculator, Part 2
Comment !
Description: Continue the solution program from the preceding
exercise by implementing the following procedures:
AND_op: Prompt the user for two hexadecimal integers. AND them
together and display the result in hexadecimal.
OR_op: Prompt the user for two hexadecimal integers. OR them
together and display the result in hexadecimal.
NOT_op: Prompt the user for a hexadecimal integer. NOT the
integer and display the result in hexadecimal.
XOR_op: Prompt the user for two hexadecimal integers. Exclusive-OR
them together and display the result in hexadecimal.!
include Irvine32.inc
.data
msgMenu BYTE "---- Boolean Calculator ----------",0dh,0ah
BYTE 0dh,0ah
BYTE "1. x AND y",0dh,0ah
BYTE "2. x OR y",0dh,0ah
BYTE "3. NOT x",0dh,0ah
BYTE "4. x XOR y",0dh,0ah
BYTE "5. Exit program",0dh,0ah,0dh,0ah
BYTE "Enter integer> ",0
msgAND BYTE "Boolean AND",0
msgOR BYTE "Boolean OR",0
msgNOT BYTE "Boolean NOT",0
msgXOR BYTE "Boolean XOR",0
msgOperand1 BYTE "Input the first 32-bit hexadecimal operand: ",0
msgOperand2 BYTE "Input the second 32-bit hexadecimal operand: ",0
msgResult BYTE "The 32-bit hexadecimal result is: ",0
caseTable BYTE '1'; lookup value
DWORD AND_op ; address of procedure
EntrySize =($ - caseTable )
BYTE '2'
DWORD OR_op
BYTE '3'
DWORD NOT_op
BYTE '4'
DWORD XOR_op
BYTE '5'
DWORD ExitProgram
NumberOfEntries =($ - caseTable)/ EntrySize
.code
main PROC
call Clrscr
Menu:
mov edx, OFFSET msgMenu ; menu choices
call WriteString
L1: call ReadChar
cmp al,'5'; is selection valid(1-5)?
ja L1 ;if above 5, go back
cmp al,'1'
jb L1 ;if below 1, go back
call Crlf
call ChooseProcedure
jc quit ;if CF =1 exit
call Crlf
jmp Menu ; display menu again
quit:
exit
main ENDP
;------------------------------------------------
ChooseProcedure PROC
;; Selects a procedure from the caseTable
; Receives: AL = number of procedure
; Returns: nothing
;------------------------------------------------
push ebx
push ecx
mov ebx,OFFSET caseTable ; pointer to the table
mov ecx,NumberOfEntries ; loop counter
L1: cmp al,[ebx]; match found?
jne L2 ; no:continue
call NEAR PTR [ebx +1]; yes: call the procedure
jmp L3
L2: add ebx,EntrySize ; point to the next entry
loop L1 ; repeat until ECX =0
L3: pop ecx
pop ebx
ret
ChooseProcedure ENDP
;------------------------------------------------
AND_op PROC
;; Performs a boolean AND operation
; Receives: Nothing
; Returns: Nothing
;------------------------------------------------
pushad ; save registers
mov edx, OFFSET msgAND ; name of the operation
call WriteString ; display message
call Crlf
call Crlf
mov edx, OFFSET msgOperand1 ; ask for first operand
call WriteString
call ReadHex ; get hexadecimal integer
mov ebx, eax ; move first operand to EBX
mov edx, OFFSET msgOperand2 ; ask for second operand
call WriteString
call ReadHex ; EAX = second operand
and eax, ebx ; operand1 AND operand2
mov edx, OFFSET msgResult ; result of operation
call WriteString
call WriteHex ; EAX = result
call Crlf
popad ; restore registers
ret
AND_op ENDP
;------------------------------------------------
OR_op PROC
;; Performs a boolean OR operation
; Receives: Nothing
; Returns: Nothing
;------------------------------------------------
pushad ; save registers
mov edx, OFFSET msgOR ; name of the operation
call WriteString ; display message
call Crlf
call Crlf
mov edx, OFFSET msgOperand1 ; ask for first operand
call WriteString
call ReadHex ; get hexadecimal integer
mov ebx, eax ; move first operand to EBX
mov edx, OFFSET msgOperand2 ; ask for second operand
call WriteString
call ReadHex ; EAX = second operand
or eax, ebx ; operand1 OR operand2
mov edx, OFFSET msgResult ; result of operation
call WriteString
call WriteHex ; EAX = result
call Crlf
popad ; restore registers
ret
OR_op ENDP
;------------------------------------------------
NOT_op PROC
;; Performs a boolean NOT operation.; Receives: Nothing
; Returns: Nothing
;------------------------------------------------
pushad ; save registers
mov edx,OFFSET msgNOT ; name of the operation
call WriteString ; display message
call Crlf
call Crlf
mov edx,OFFSET msgOperand1 ; ask for operand
call WriteString
call ReadHex ; EAX = operand
not eax ; NOT operand
mov edx,OFFSET msgResult ; result of operation
call WriteString
call WriteHex ; EAX = result
call Crlf
popad ; restore registers
ret
NOT_op ENDP
;------------------------------------------------
XOR_op PROC
;; Performs an Exclusive-OR operation
; Receives: Nothing
; Returns: Nothing
;------------------------------------------------
pushad ; save registers
mov edx,OFFSET msgXOR ; name of the operation
call WriteString ; display message
call Crlf
call Crlf
mov edx, OFFSET msgOperand1 ; ask for first operand
call WriteString
call ReadHex ; get hexadecimal integer
mov ebx, eax ; move first operand to EBX
mov edx,OFFSET msgOperand2 ; ask for second operand
call WriteString
call ReadHex ; EAX = second operand
xor eax,ebx ; operand1 XOR operand2
mov edx, OFFSET msgResult ; result of operation
call WriteString
call WriteHex ; EAX = result
call Crlf
popad ; restore registers
ret
XOR_op ENDP
;------------------------------------------------
ExitProgram PROC
;; Receives: Nothing
; Returns: Sets CF =1 to signal end of program
;------------------------------------------------
stc ; CF =1
ret
ExitProgram ENDP
END main
6.11.2.07
; Exercise 7: Probabilities and Colors
Comment !
Write a program that randomly chooses between three
different colors for displaying text on the screen. Use a loop to
display twenty lines of text, each with a randomly chosen color.
The probabilities for each color are to be as follows: white =30%,
blue =10%, green =60%. Hint: generate a random integer between
0and9. If the resulting integer is in the range 0-2, choose white.
If the integer equals 3, choose blue. If the integer is in the
range 4-9, choose green.!
include Irvine32.inc
.data
msg BYTE "Line of text with randomly chosen color",0.code
main PROC
call ClrScr
call Randomize ; seed the random number generator
mov edx, OFFSET msg ; line of text
mov ecx,20;counter(lines of text)
L1: call ChooseColor
call SetTextColor
call WriteString ; display line of text
call Crlf
loop L1
exit
main ENDP
;------------------------------------------------
ChooseColor PROC
;; Selects a color with the following probabilities:; white =30%, blue =10%, green =60%.; Receives: nothing
; Returns: EAX = selected color
;-----------------------------------------------
mov eax,10; generate random(0-9)
call RandomRange ; EAX = random value
L_Green:;if N =4-9, choose green
cmp eax,4
jb L_Blue
mov eax,green
jmp L_Finished
L_Blue:;if N =3, choose blue
cmp eax,3
jne L_White
mov eax,blue
jmp L_Finished
L_White:;if N =0-2, choose white
mov eax,white
L_Finished:
ret
ChooseColor ENDP
END main
6.11.2.08
; Exercise 8: Message Encryption
Comment !
This program demonstrates simple symmetric encryption using
the XOR instruction.Let the user enter a multi-byte key. Use
this key to encrypt and decrypt the plaintext.!
include Irvine32.inc
BUFMAX =128; maximum buffer size
KEYMAX =128; maximum key size
.data
prompt1 BYTE "Enter the plain text: ",0
prompt2 BYTE "Enter the encryption key: ",0
sEncrypt BYTE "Cipher text: ",0
sDecrypt BYTE "Decrypted: ",0
keyStr BYTE KEYMAX+1DUP(0)
keySize DWORD ?
buffer BYTE BUFMAX+1DUP(0)
bufSize DWORD ?.code
main PROC
call InputPlaintext ; input the plain text
call InputKey ; input the key
call TranslateBuffer ; encrypt the buffer
mov edx,OFFSET sEncrypt ; display encrypted message
call DisplayMessage
call TranslateBuffer ; decrypt the buffer
mov edx,OFFSET sDecrypt ; display decrypted message
call DisplayMessage
exit
main ENDP
;-----------------------------------------------------
InputPlaintext PROC
;; Asks the user to enter a string from the
; keyboard. Saves the string and its length
; in variables.; Receives: nothing
; Returns: nothing
;-----------------------------------------------------
pushad
mov edx,OFFSET prompt1 ; display a prompt
call WriteString
mov ecx,BUFMAX ; maximum character count
mov edx,OFFSET buffer ; point to the buffer
call ReadString ; input the string
mov bufSize,eax ; save the length
call Crlf
popad
ret
InputPlaintext ENDP
;-----------------------------------------------------
InputKey PROC
;; Asks the user to enter a string that will be used as
; the encryption key.; Receives: nothing
; Returns: nothing
;-----------------------------------------------------
pushad
mov edx,OFFSET prompt2 ; display a prompt
call WriteString
mov ecx,KEYMAX ; maximum character count
mov edx,OFFSET keyStr ; point to the buffer
call ReadString ; input the string
mov keySize,eax ; save the length
call Crlf
popad
ret
InputKey ENDP
;-----------------------------------------------------
DisplayMessage PROC
;; Displays the encrypted or decrypted message.; Receives: EDX points to the message
; Returns: nothing
;-----------------------------------------------------
pushad
call WriteString
mov edx,OFFSET buffer ; display the buffer
call WriteString
call Crlf
call Crlf
popad
ret
DisplayMessage ENDP
;-----------------------------------------------------
TranslateBuffer PROC
;; Translates the string by exclusive-ORing each buffer
; byte with a coresponding byte in the encryption key.; Receives: nothing
; Returns: nothing
;-----------------------------------------------------
pushad
mov ecx,bufSize ; loop counter
mov esi,0; index 0 in the buffer
mov edi,0; index 0 in the key
L1: mov al,keyStr[edi]; get key byte
xor buffer[esi],al ; translate a byte
inc esi ; point to next byte in buffer
inc edi ; point to next key byte
cmp edi,keySize ; key index <= key size?
jb L2 ; yes, skip to LOOP instruction
mov edi,0; no: reset key index to 0
L2: loop L1 ; repeat the loop
popad
ret
TranslateBuffer ENDP
END main
6.11.2.09
; Exercise 9: PIN Validation
COMMENT !
Your task is to create a procedure named Validate_PIN that receives a pointer to an
array of byte containing a 5-digit PIN. Declare two arrays to hold the minimum and
maximum range values,and use these arrays to validate each digit of the PIN that
was passed to the procedure. If any digit is found to be outside its valid range,
immediatey return the digit's position(between 1and5) in the EAX register. If
the entire PIN is valid,return0 in EAX. Preserve all other register values between
calls to the procedure. Write a test program that calls Validate_PIN at least four
times,using both valid and invalid byte arrays. By running the program in a debugger,
verify that the return value in EAX after each procedure call is valid. Or,if you
prefer to use the book's library, you can display "Valid"or"Invalid" on the console
after each procedure call. Use this table to validate the ranges:
Digit
Number Range
15 to 922 to 534 to 841 to 453 to 6!.386.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess proto,dwExitCode:dword
.data
VALID_PIN =0
PIN_SIZE =5
minVals byte 5,2,4,1,3; globally visible
maxVals byte 9,5,8,4,6; globally visible
samplePin_1 byte 6,3,4,4,3; valid PIN
samplePin_2 byte 5,2,3,2,4; digit 3 is invalid
samplePin_3 byte 5,2,4,5,3; digit 4 is invalid
samplePin_4 byte 1,3,4,4,3; digit 1 is invalid
.code
main proc
mov esi,OFFSET samplePin_1
call Validate_PIN ; EAX = VALID_PIN
mov esi,OFFSET samplePin_2
call Validate_PIN ; EAX =3
mov esi,OFFSET samplePin_3
call Validate_PIN ; EAX =4
mov esi,OFFSET samplePin_4
call Validate_PIN ; EAX =1
invoke ExitProcess,0
main endp
Validate_PIN proc
mov edi,0
mov ecx,PIN_SIZE
L1: mov al,[esi]
cmp al,minVals[edi]
jb error
cmp al,maxVals[edi]
ja error
inc edi
inc esi
loop L1
mov eax,VALID_PIN
ret
error:
mov eax,edi ;return position # of the bad digit
inc eax
ret
Validate_PIN endp
end main
6.11.2.10
; Exercise 10: Parity Checking
COMMENT !
Data transmission systems and file subsystems often use a form of error detection
that relies on calculating the parity(even or odd) of blocks of data. Your task
is to create a procedure that returns True in the EAX registerif the bytes in
an array contain even parity,or False if the parity is odd. In other words,if
you count all the bits in the entire array, their count will be even or odd.
Preserve all other register values between calls to the procedure. Write a test
program that calls your procedure twice, each time passing it a pointer to an
array and the length of the array. The procedure's return value in EAX should
be 1(True)or0(False). For test data, create two arrays containing at least
10 bytes, one having even parity,and another having odd parity.!.386.model flat,stdcall
.stack 4096
ExitProcess proto,dwExitCode:dword
True =1
False =0.data
array_1 byte 41h,53h,82h,63h,41h,53h,82h,63h,81h,11h ; even parity
array_1_size = $ - array_1
array_2 byte 41h,83h,03h,93h,41h,84h,03h,93h,81h,11h ; odd parity(83h)
array_2_size = $ - array_2
.code
main proc
mov ecx,array_1_size
mov esi,OFFSET array_1
call CheckEvenParity ; returns EAX = True
mov ecx,array_2_size
mov esi,OFFSET array_2
call CheckEvenParity ; returns EAX = False
invoke ExitProcess,0
main endp
CheckEvenParity proc
mov al,[esi]; first character
xor al,al ; affects the Parity flag
pushf ; push the flags
inc esi ; affects PF
dec ecx
popf
L1:xor al,[esi]; affects the Parity flag
pushf
inc esi
popf
loop L1 ; does not affect PF
jp return_true
mov eax,False ;return False
ret
return_true:
mov eax,True
ret
CheckEvenParity endp
end main
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