dumps是将dict转化成str格式,loads是将str转化成dict格式,例如json.dumps(json_str)。
dump和load也是类似的功能,只是与文件操作结合起来了,例如json.dump(json_str, fp),也即多一个fp参数 fp=open(...)。
看代码实例:
In [1]: import json
In [2]: a = {'name': 'wang', 'age': 29}
In [3]: b = json.dumps(a)
In [4]: print b, type(b)
{"age": 29, "name": "wang"} <type 'str'>
In [11]: json.loads(b)
Out[11]: {u'age': 29, u'name': u'wang'}
In [12]: print type(json.loads(b))
<type 'dict'>
然后再看dump和dumps的区别,见代码:
In [1]: import json
In [2]: a = {'name': 'wang', 'age': 29}
In [3]: b = json.dumps(a)
In [4]: print b, type(b)
{"age": 29, "name": "wang"} <type 'str'>
In [5]: c = json.dump(a)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-5-92dc0d929363> in <module>()
----> 1 c = json.dump(a)
TypeError: dump() takes at least 2 arguments (1 given)
这里提示我们少一个参数,我们看一下帮助文件(iPyhton中可以直接使用help(json.dumps)来查看帮助文件):
dumps(obj, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, encoding='utf-8', default=None, sort_keys=False, **kw)
Serialize ``obj`` to a JSON formatted ``str``.
dump(obj, fp, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, encoding='utf-8', default=None, sort_keys=False, **kw)
Serialize ``obj`` as a JSON formatted stream to ``fp`` (a
``.write()``-supporting file-like object).
简单说就是dump需要一个类似于文件指针的参数(并不是真的指针,可称之为类文件对象),可以与文件操作结合,也就是说可以将dict转成str然后存入文件中;而dumps直接给的是str,也就是将字典转成str。
例子见代码(注意文件操作的一些小细节):
In [1]: import json
In [2]: a = {'name': 'wang'}
In [3]: fp = file('test.txt', 'w')
In [4]: type(fp)
Out[4]: file
In [5]: json.dump(a, fp)
In [6]: cat test.txt
In [7]: fp.close()
In [8]: cat test.txt
{"name": "wang"}
In [9]: json.load(fp)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-9-0064dabedb17> in <module>()
----> 1 json.load(fp)
/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.11/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/json/__init__.pyc in load(fp, encoding, cls, object_hook, parse_float, parse_int, parse_constant, object_pairs_hook, **kw)
285
286 """
--> 287 return loads(fp.read(),
288 encoding=encoding, cls=cls, object_hook=object_hook,
289 parse_float=parse_float, parse_int=parse_int,
ValueError: I/O operation on closed file
In [10]: fp = file('test.txt', 'r')
In [11]: json.load(fp)
Out[11]: {u'name': u'wang'}