第44天学习打卡(JUC 线程和进程 并发和并行 Lock锁 生产者和消费者问题 如何判断锁(8锁问题) 集合类不安全)

什么是JUC

1.java.util工具包 包 分类

业务:普通的线程代码 Thread

Runnable 没有返回值、效率相比Callable相对较低

2.线程和进程

进程:一个程序。QQ.exe,Music.exe 程序的集合

一个进程往往可以包含多个线程,至少包含一个!

Java默认有几个线程:2个 main、GC

线程:开了一个进程Typora,写字(一个线程在输入),自动保存(线程负责的)

对于Java而言开启线程的方式:Thread、Runnable、Callable

Java真的可以开启线程吗? 开不了

   public synchronized void start() {
        /**
         * This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
         * group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
         * to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
         *
         * A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
         */
        if (threadStatus != 0)
            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();

        /* Notify the group that this thread is about to be started
         * so that it can be added to the group's list of threads
         * and the group's unstarted count can be decremented. */
        group.add(this);

        boolean started = false;
        try {
            start0();
            started = true;
        } finally {
            try {
                if (!started) {
                    group.threadStartFailed(this);
                }
            } catch (Throwable ignore) {
                /* do nothing. If start0 threw a Throwable then
                  it will be passed up the call stack */
            }
        }
    }
//本地方法 调用底层的C++,java是运行在虚拟机上的,无法操作硬件
    private native void start0();

并发 、并行

并发编程:并发 并行

并发(多线程操作桶一个资源)

并行(多个人一起行走)

并发:若CPU只有一核(一瞬间只能处理一个东西),想要模拟出来多条线程,则需要快速交替。

并行:若CPU多核,多个线程可以同时执行,用线程池提高性能

package com.kuang.demo06;

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //获取CPU的核数
        System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());


    }
}

并发编程的本质:充分利用CPU的资源

线程有几个状态

 public enum State {
        /**
         * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
         */
     //线程新生
        NEW,

        /**
         * Thread state for a runnable thread.  A thread in the runnable
         * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
         * be waiting for other resources from the operating system
         * such as processor.
         */
     //运行状态
        RUNNABLE,

        /**
         * Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
         * A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
         * to enter a synchronized block/method or
         * reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
         * {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
         */
     //阻塞
        BLOCKED,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread.
         * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
         * following methods:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
         * </ul>
         *
         * <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
         * perform a particular action.
         *
         * For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
         * on an object is waiting for another thread to call
         * <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
         * that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
         * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
         */
     //等待  
        WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
         * A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
         * the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
         * </ul>
         */
     //超时等待  死死的等
        TIMED_WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a terminated thread.
         * The thread has completed execution.
         */
     //终止
        TERMINATED;
    }

wait/sleep区别

1.来自不同的类

wait=>Object

sleep=>Thread

 TimeUnit.DAYS.sleep(1);
 TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);

2关于锁的释放

wait会释放锁

sleep不会释放锁 抱着锁睡觉不会放锁

3使用范围不同

wait:必须在同步代码块中

sleep:可以在任何地方

4 是否需要捕获异常

wait不需要捕获异常

sleep必须要捕获异常

3、Lock锁(重点)

传统synchronized

package com.kuang.demo06;
//基本的卖票例子
/**
* 真正的多线程开发,公司中的开发,降低耦合性
*线程就是一个单独的资源类,没有任何附属的操作
* 1.属性、方法
*/

public class SaleTicketDemo01 {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     //并发:多线程操作同一个资源类,把资源丢入线程
       Ticket ticket = new Ticket();
       //@FunctionalInterface 函数式接口,jdk1.8后 lambda表达式(参数)->{代码}
       new Thread(()->{
           for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
               ticket.sale();
           }

       },"A").start();
       new Thread(()->{
           for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
               ticket.sale();
           }
       },"B").start();
       new Thread(()->{
           for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
               ticket.sale();
           }
       },"C").start();

   }
}

//资源类OOP
class Ticket{
   //属性,方法
   private int number = 30;

   //卖票的方式
   //synchronized 本质:队列 锁
   public synchronized void sale(){
       if (number>0){
           System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"卖出了第"+(number--)+"票,剩余"+number);
       }
   }
   //锁 锁的是对象
   //锁class

}

image-20210221094310391

image-20210221094840141

image-20210221095508903

公平锁:十分公平:可以先来后到(即排队)

非公平锁:十分公平:可以插队(默认)

package com.kuang.demo06;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class SaleTicketDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //并发:多线程操作同一个资源类,把资源丢入线程
        Ticket2 ticket = new Ticket2();
        //@FunctionalInterface 函数式接口,jdk1.8后 lambda表达式(参数)->{代码}
        new Thread(()->{ for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) ticket.sale(); },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{ for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) ticket.sale(); },"B").start();
        new Thread(()->{ for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) ticket.sale(); },"C").start();

    }
}

//Lock三部曲
// 1.new ReentrantLock();
    //2.Lock.lock();//加锁
    //3.finally=> lock.unlock();//解锁

class Ticket2{
    //属性,方法
    private int number = 30;
    Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    //卖票的方式

    public void sale(){
        lock.lock();//加锁
        try{
            //业务代码
            if (number>0){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"卖出了第"+(number--)+"票,剩余"+number);
            }


        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            lock.unlock();//解锁
    }

    }

    }



Synchronized和Lock区别

1.Synchronized 是内置的java关键字,Lock是一个java类

2.Synchronized 无法判断获取的状态,Lock可以判断是否获取到了锁

3.Synchronized 会自动释放锁,loack必须要手动释放锁!如果不释放,会造成死锁

4.Synchronized 线程1(获得锁,阻塞)、线程2(等待,傻傻的等);Lock锁就不一定会等待下去。

5.Synchronized 可重入锁,不可以中断的,非公平;Lock,可重入锁,可以判断锁,非公平(可以自己设置);

6.Synchronized 适合锁少量的代码同步问题,Lock适合锁大量的同步代码!

4.生产者和消费者问题

面试的时候:单例模式 排序算法 生产者和消费者 死锁

Synchronized 版 wait notify

juc lock

生产者和消费者问题Synchronized 版

package com.kuang.productorcous;
/**
 *线程之间的通信问题:生产者和消费者问题!等待唤醒,通知唤醒
 * 线程交替执行 A B 操作同一个变量 num = 0
 * A num + 1
 * B num - 1
 */

public class A {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建一个资源类
        Data data = new Data();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }

        },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            },"B").start();
            }




    }



//判断等待   业务   通知
class Data{
    //数字 资源类是独立耦合的
    private  int number = 0;

    //+1
    //只要是并发编程一定要有锁

    public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
        if (number!=0){//0的时候干活
            //等待操作
            this.wait();

        }
        number++;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
        //通知其他线程,我+1完毕了
        this.notifyAll();
    }
    public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
        if (number==0){//1的时候干活
            //等待
            this.wait();

        }number--;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
        //通知其他线程,我-1完毕了
        this.notifyAll();
    }
}

问题存在:A B C D4个线程!存在虚假唤醒

image-20210221110736364

if改为while判断

package com.kuang.productorcous;
/**
 *线程之间的通信问题:生产者和消费者问题!等待唤醒,通知唤醒
 * 线程交替执行 A B 操作同一个变量 num = 0
 * A num + 1
 * B num - 1
 */

public class A {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建一个资源类
        Data data = new Data();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }

        },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            },"B").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                try {
                    data.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

        },"C").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

        },"D").start();
            }




    }



//判断等待   业务   通知
class Data{
    //数字 资源类是独立耦合的
    private  int number = 0;

    //+1
    //只要是并发编程一定要有锁

    public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
        while (number!=0){//0的时候干活
            //等待操作
            this.wait();

        }
        number++;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
        //通知其他线程,我+1完毕了
        this.notifyAll();
    }
    public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
        while (number==0){//1的时候干活
            //等待
            this.wait();

        }number--;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>"+number);
        //通知其他线程,我-1完毕了
        this.notifyAll();
    }
}

JUC版的生产者与消费者

image-20210221114927309

通过Lock找到Condition

image-20210221114643728

代码实现:

package com.kuang.productorcous;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class B {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建一个资源类
        Data2 data = new Data2();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    data.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }

        },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

        },"B").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                try {
                    data.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

        },"C").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

        },"D").start();
    }


    }

    //判断等待   业务   通知
    class Data2 {
        //数字 资源类是独立耦合的
        private int number = 0;
        Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
        // condition.await();//等待
        //condition.signalAll();//唤醒全部

        //+1
        //只要是并发编程一定要有锁

        public void increment() throws InterruptedException {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                while (number != 0) {
                    //0的时候干活
                    condition.await();
                }
                number++;
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "=>" + number);
                //通知其他线程,我-1完毕了
               condition.signalAll();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();

            }

        }


        public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
            lock.lock();
            try{
                while (number == 0) {//1的时候干活
                    //等待
                    condition.await();


                }
                number--;
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "=>" + number);
                //通知其他线程,我-1完毕了
                condition.signalAll();

            }catch (Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                lock.unlock();
        }

        }
    }

任何一个新的技术,绝对不是仅仅只是覆盖了原来的技术,一定有其优势和补充!

Condition 精准的通知和唤醒线程

image-20210221144238983

代码测试:

package com.kuang.productorcous;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 *A执行完调用B,B执行完调用C,C执行完调用A
 */

public class C {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Data3 data = new Data3();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data.printA();
            }
        },"A").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data.printB();
            }
        },"B").start();
        new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data.printC();
            }
        },"C").start();
    }
}
class  Data3{
    //资源类Lock
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();
    private int number = 1;//为1时 A执行   为2时B执行 为3时 C执行
    public void printA(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
           //业务,判断->执行->通知
            while (number!=1){
                //等待
                condition1.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>AAAAA");
            //唤醒,唤醒指定的人B
            number = 2;
            condition2.signal();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }


    }
    public void printB(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            //业务,判断->执行->通知
            while (number!=2){
                condition2.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>BBBBB");
            //唤醒,唤醒指定的人C
            number = 3;
            condition3.signal();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }


    }
    public void printC(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            //业务,判断->执行->通知
            while (number!=3){
                condition3.await();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"=>CCCCC");
            //唤醒,唤醒指定的人C
            number = 1;
            condition1.signal();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }


    }



}

快捷键模式:

ctrl alt+t :try catch的快捷键

或者在菜单栏中点击Code

5 如何判断锁是谁(8锁现象)

*深刻理解锁

对象、Class

package com.kuang.lock8;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 8锁,就是关于锁的8个问题
 *1.标准情况下。两个线程先是发短信  然后是打电话
 * 2.sendSms延迟四秒,两个线程先打印发短信还是先打印打电话 ?   先打印发短信 然后是打电话
 */

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Phone phone = new Phone();

        //phone.sendSms(); 锁的问题

        new Thread(()->{
            phone.sendSms();
        },"A").start();

        //捕获

        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        new Thread(()->{
            phone.call();
        },"B").start();

    }
}
class Phone{
    //synchronized 锁的对象是方法的调用者 phone是锁
    //两个方法(sendSms call)用的是同一个锁,谁先拿到谁执行
    public synchronized void sendSms(){
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("发短信");

    }
    public synchronized void call(){
        System.out.println("打电话");

    }
}

package com.kuang.lock8;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 3.增加了一个普通方法后 程序是先执行发短息还是hello? 先输出hello  因为它是普通方法没有锁
 * 4.两个对象两个同步方法,是先发短息还是打电话?   //先打电话  然后是发短信  这个是按时间来
 */
public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
       //两个对象,两个调用者  两把锁
        Phone2 phone1 = new Phone2();
        Phone2 phone2 = new Phone2();

        //phone.sendSms(); 锁的问题

        new Thread(()->{
            phone1.sendSms();
        },"A").start();

        //捕获

        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        new Thread(()->{
            phone2.call();
        },"B").start();

    }
}
class Phone2{
    //synchronized 锁的对象是方法的调用者 phone是锁
    //两个方法(sendSms call)用的是同一个锁,谁先拿到谁执行
    public synchronized void sendSms(){
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("发短信");

    }
    public synchronized void call(){
        System.out.println("打电话");

    }

    //这里没有锁!不是同步方法 不受锁的影响
    public void hello(){
        System.out.println("hello");
    }
}

package com.kuang.lock8;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 5增加两个静态的同步方法,只有一个对象,是先打印发短息还是先打印打电话?//先发短息后打电话
 * 6.两个对象!增加两个静态的同步方法,是先发短息还是先打电话?//先发短息后打电话
 */
public class Test3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //两个对象的Class类模板只有一个在加了static,锁的是Class
        Phone3 phone1 = new Phone3();
        Phone3 phone2 = new Phone3();


        //phone.sendSms(); 锁的问题

        new Thread(()->{
            phone1.sendSms();
        },"A").start();

        //捕获

        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        new Thread(()->{
            phone2.call();
        },"B").start();

    }
}
//Phone3只有唯一的一个Class对象
// Class<Phone3> phone3Class = Phone3.class; 是全局唯一
//static走的是class对象  锁的是Class
class Phone3{
    //synchronized 锁的对象是方法的调用者 phone是锁
    //两个方法(sendSms call)用的是同一个锁,谁先拿到谁执行
    //static静态方法  类一加载就有了  锁的是  Class 模板
    public static synchronized void sendSms(){
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("发短信");


    }
    public static synchronized void call(){
        System.out.println("打电话");

    }


}

package com.kuang.lock8;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 1.一个静态的同步方法 一个普通的同步方法 只有一个对象 先打印发短息还是先打印打电话??//先打电话后发短息 因为锁的对象不同
 *2.一个静态的同步方法 一个普通的同步方法 两个对象 先打印发短息还是先打印打电话??//先打电话后发短息
 */
public class Test4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //两个对象的Class类模板只有一个在加了static,锁的是Class
        Phone4 phone1 = new Phone4();
        Phone4 phone2 = new Phone4();



        //phone.sendSms(); 锁的问题

        new Thread(()->{
            phone1.sendSms();
        },"A").start();

        //捕获

        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        new Thread(()->{
            phone2.call();
        },"B").start();

    }
}
//Phone3只有唯一的一个Class对象
// Class<Phone3> phone3Class = Phone3.class; 是全局唯一
//static走的是class对象  锁的是Class
class Phone4{
    //静态的同步方法 锁的是Class类模板
    public static synchronized void sendSms(){
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("发短信");


    }
    //普通的同步方法 锁的是调用者
    public static void call(){
        System.out.println("打电话");

    }



}

小结

new this 具体的一个手机

static Class 唯一的一个模板

6 集合类不安全

List不安全

package com.kuang.unsafe;

import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

//java.util.ConcurrentModificationException 并发修改异常
public class ListTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //并发下 ArrayList不安全 Synchronized
        /**
         * 解决方案
         * 1.List<String> list = new Vector<>();
         * 2. List<String> list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
         * 3.List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
         * CopyOnWriteArrayList 写入时复制 COW 计算机程序设计领域的一种优化策略
         * 多个线程调用的时候,list是唯一的 读取的时候读取的是固定的,写入的时候可能存在后面写入的把前面的覆盖了
         * CopyOnWriteArrayList 是在写入的时候避免覆盖,造成数据问题
         *
         * 读写分离
         * CopyOnWriteArrayList比Vector的优点在哪?
         */
        
        List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
        for(int i = 1;i <=10;i++ ){
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,5));
                System.out.println(list);
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();

        }
    }
}

image-20210221171543444

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