第67天学习打卡（JavaWeb Servlet原理 Mapping ServletContext HttpServletResponse）

7.3 Servlet原理

Servlet是由web服务器调用，web服务器在收到浏览器请求之后会：

7.4Mapping

1.一个servlet可以指定一个映射路径

  <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <!--        请求路径-->
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

2.一个servlet可以指定多个映射路径

 <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <!--        请求路径-->
        <url-pattern>/hello2</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <!--        请求路径-->
        <url-pattern>/hello3</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <!--        请求路径-->
        <url-pattern>/hello4</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

3.一个servlet可以指定通用映射路径

 <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <!--        请求路径-->
        <url-pattern>/hello/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

   

4.默认请求路径(少用)

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <!--     /*默认请求 -->
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

5.指定一些后缀或者前缀等等。

 <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <!--     /*默认请求 -->
<!--        可以自定义后缀实现请求映射
             注意点:*前面不能加项目映射的路径
             hello/sadfaaas.qinjiang也是可以实现的-->
        <url-pattern>*.qinjiang</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

6.优先级问题

指定了固有的映射路径优先级最高，如果找不到就会走默认的处理请求。

<!--    404-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.ErrorServlet</servlet-class>

    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
<!--        /*代表通配-->
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

测试error:

package com.kuang.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class ErrorServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print("<h1>404</h1>");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">
<!--    注册Serlvet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <!--    一个Servlet对应一个Mapping:映射-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <!--     /*默认请求 -->
<!--        可以自定义后缀实现请求映射
             注意点:*前面不能加项目映射的路径
             hello/sadfaaas.qinjiang也是可以实现的-->
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

<!--    404-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.ErrorServlet</servlet-class>

    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
<!--        /*代表通配-->
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>


</web-app>

7.5 ServletContext

web容器启动的时候，它会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象，它代表了当前的web应用；

1.共享数据

我在这个Servlet中保存的数据，可以在另外一个Servlet中获得

放置数据的类：

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

       // this.getInitParameter()  初始化参数
        //this.getServletConfig()  Servlet配置
       // this.getServletContext()  Servlet上下文
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        String username = "秦疆";//数据
        context.setAttribute("username",username);//将一个数据保存在ServletContext中，名字为：username,值为username

    }


}

读取它的类：

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        String username = (String) context.getAttribute("username");
// 数据放在上面，响应放在下面
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().print("名字"+username);


    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
     doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

配置web.xml

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>


  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

测试访问结果：

2 获取初始化参数

web.xml中：

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">


<!--  配置一些web应用程序的初始化-->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>url</param-name>
    <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
  </context-param>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>


  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>gp</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>gp</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/gp</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(url);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
      doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

3 请求转发

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ServletDemo04 extends HelloServlet{
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        System.out.println("进入了ServletDemo04");
        //RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp");//转发的请求路径
        //requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);//调用forward实现请求转发
        //上面两句注释的合并写法
        context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp").forward(req,resp);


    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

4读取资源文件

Properties

• 在Java目录下新建properties
• 在resources目录下新建properties

发现：都被打包到了同一个路径下：classes,我们俗称这个路径为classpath;

思路：需要一个文件流：

username=root12345
password=12345633456

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //    /代表当前web应用
        //InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/com/kuang/servlet/aa.properties");
        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.load(is);
        String user = prop.getProperty("username");
        String pwd = prop.getProperty("password");

        resp.getWriter().print(user+":"+pwd);
    }


    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
      doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

pom.xml中的配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <parent>
    <artifactId>javaweb-02-servlet</artifactId>
    <groupId>com.kuang</groupId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.kuang</groupId>
  <artifactId>servlet-02</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <!--    在build 中配置resources,来防止我们的资源导出失败的问题-->
  <!--在build中配置resources，来防止我们资源导出的失败的问题-->
  <build>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
        <includes>
          <include>**/*.properties</include>
          <include>**/*.xml</include>
        </includes>
        <filtering>true</filtering>
      </resource>
      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/java</directory>
        <includes>
          <include>**/*.properties</include>
          <include>**/*.xml</include>
        </includes>
        <filtering>true</filtering>
      </resource>
    </resources>
  </build>

</project>

访问测试即可。

7.6 HttpServletResponse

web服务器接收到客户端的http请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象，代表响应的一个HttpServletReponse;

• 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数：找HttpServletRequest
• 如果要给客户端响应一些信息：找HttpServletResponse

1.简单分类

负责向浏览器发送数据的方法

    ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;

    PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;

负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法

 void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);

    void setContentLength(int var1);

    void setContentLengthLong(long var1);

    void setContentType(String var1);

负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法

void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);
void setContentLength(int var1);
void setContentLengthLong(long var1);
void setContentType(String var ,long var2);
void setDateHeader(String var1,long var2);
void setHeader(String var1,String var2);
void addHeader(String var1,String var2);
void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
void addIntHeader(String var1,int var2);

响应的状态码

 int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
    int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
    int SC_OK = 200;
    int SC_CREATED = 201;
    int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
    int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
    int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
    int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
    int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
    int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
    int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
    int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
    int SC_FOUND = 302;
    int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
    int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
    int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
    int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
    int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
    int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
    int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
    int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
    int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
    int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
    int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
    int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
    int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
    int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
    int SC_GONE = 410;
    int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
    int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
    int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
    int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
    int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
    int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
    int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
    int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
    int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
    int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
    int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
    int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
    int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

2 常见应用

1 向浏览器输出消息

2.下载文件

​ 1.要获取下载文件的路径

​ 2.下载的文件名是啥？

​ 3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持我们要下载的东西。

​ 4.获取下载文件的输入流

​ 5.创建缓冲区

​ 6.获取OutputStream

​ 7.将FileOutputStream流写入buffer缓冲区

​ 8使用OutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端

​

Tomcat在操作时要注意war包只要指定的，其余的要删掉以免影响操作

package com.kuang.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {


//        1.要获取下载文件的路径
        String realPath = "C:\\Users\\HP\\Desktop\\javaweb-02-servlet\\response\\target\\classes\\秦疆.jpg";
        System.out.println("下载文件的路径:"+realPath);


//        2.下载的文件名是啥？
        //    "\"是转移字符 所有必须加   +1代表\的下一个字符
        String filename = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\" ) + 1);//注意这里的+1操作是在外面加载
//        3.设置想办法让浏览器(Content-disposition)能够支持我们要下载的东西。   中文文件名用 URLEncoder.encode编码 否则有可能乱码
       // resp.setHeader("Content-disposition","attachment;filename="+ filename); 英文编码
        resp.setHeader("Content-disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(filename,"UTF-8"));
//        4.获取下载文件的输入流
        //C:\Users\HP\Desktop\javaweb-02-servlet\response\target\classes\5.jpg文件的实际路径
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//        5.创建缓冲区
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        //        6.获取OutputStream
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
//        7.将FileOutputStream流写入buffer缓冲区 使用OutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端
        while((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
            out.write(buffer,0,len);//从第0个开始写写到len个

        }
       in.close();
        out.close();


    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.FileServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/down</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

3 验证码功能

验证怎么来的？

• 前端实现
• 后端实现，需要用到Java的图片类，生成一个图片

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.FileServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/down</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>


    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>ImageServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.ImageServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ImageServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/img</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

web.xml

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.FileServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/down</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>


    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>ImageServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.ImageServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ImageServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/img</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>










</web-app>