（1）知识图谱入门|neo4j安装与介绍

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-06 21:33:16 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-11-06 21:33:16 发布

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文章标签：知识图谱

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dowrongagain/article/details/123598700

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本文详细介绍了Neo4j图数据库的安装步骤，包括通过neo4j.batconsole命令行启动。接着讲解了图数据库的基础概念，如节点、标签和关系，并阐述了它们在数据存储和组织中的作用。Cypher语言作为查询图数据的主要工具，文中通过实例展示了CREATE、MATCH等关键字的用法。此外，还提到了如何创建约束、索引以及删除操作。最后，讨论了如何处理忘记密码的情况和开启远程访问的配置步骤。

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一.安装

可以详细参考：Neo4j下载安装以及Neo4j浏览器详细说明
打开neo4j的方式，在命令行输入 neo4j.bat console
（以下内容来自neo4j的介绍内容，在这里整理出来）
桌面版可以看图数据库初探——2. neo4j安装和简单使用

二.概念指导

1.基础概念

Nodes ：represent entities of a domain.
Labels： shape the domain by grouping nodes into sets. Relationships - connect two nodes.
Properties：named values that add qualities to nodes and
relationships.

其中：

Nodes often represents entities（实体） or discrete objects（离散对象） that can be classified with zero or more labels.
Data is stored as properties of the nodes.（数据作为属性存储在对象中）
Properties are simple key-value pairs.（属性是简单键值对）

2.标签-对节点分类

Nodes can be grouped together by applying a Label to each member. In this social graph, you label each node that represents a Person.

A node can have zero or more labels.
Labels are used to classify nodes.
相同标签的节点可以有不同的属性值

3.关系

在这里插入图片描述
代表Emil knows Johan and Ian.

1.概念

Relationships always have a direction.
Relationships always have a type.
Relationships form patterns of data, the structure of the graph.（关系形成数据的模式，即图表的结构。）

2.关系的属性

关系也可以有属性来描述
统一个type可以有不同的属性

三.cypher语言简单介绍

详细可以参考Neo4j 第三篇：Cypher查询入门

1.CREATE

CREATE (ee:Person {name: 'Emil', from: 'Sweden', kloutScore: 99})

CREATE :creates the node.
() :括号代表节点
ee:Person ： ee 是节点变量名，Person 是节点标签
{} ：包含描述节点的属性

2.MATECH

MATCH (ee:Person) WHERE ee.name = 'Emil' RETURN ee;

MATCH ：specifies a pattern of nodes and relationships.
(ee:Person) ：将标签是Person的节点赋值给ee
WHERE :后面写查询条件（从ee中选出符合查询条件的节点）.
ee.name = ‘Emil’ ：选出属性name=EMil的节点

MATCH (ee:Person)-[:KNOWS]-(friends)
WHERE ee.name = 'Emil' RETURN ee, friends

MATCH： describes what nodes will be retrieved based upon the pattern.
(ee) ：is the node reference that will be returned based upon the WHERE clause.（ee代表：带Person标签且where条件中筛选出来的节点）
-[:KNOWS]-： matches the KNOWS relationships (in either direction) from ee.（在从ee的全部关系匹配KOWNS关系）
(friends)： represents the nodes that are Emil’s friends.
RETURN： returns the node, referenced here by (ee), and the related (friends) nodes found.

代码示例

MATCH (ee:Person) WHERE ee.name = 'Emil'
CREATE (js:Person { name: 'Johan', from: 'Sweden', learn: 'surfing' }),
(ir:Person { name: 'Ian', from: 'England', title: 'author' }),
(rvb:Person { name: 'Rik', from: 'Belgium', pet: 'Orval' }),
(ally:Person { name: 'Allison', from: 'California', hobby: 'surfing' }),
(ee)-[:KNOWS {since: 2001}]->(js),(ee)-[:KNOWS {rating: 5}]->(ir),
(js)-[:KNOWS]->(ir),(js)-[:KNOWS]->(rvb),
(ir)-[:KNOWS]->(js),(ir)-[:KNOWS]->(ally),
(rvb)-[:KNOWS]->(ally)

一些示例的查询语句

#Find the actor named "Tom Hanks":
MATCH (tom:Person {name: "Tom Hanks"}) RETURN tom
#Find the movie with title "Cloud Atlas":
MATCH (cloudAtlas:Movie {title: "Cloud Atlas"}) RETURN cloudAtlas
#Find 10 people and return their names:
MATCH (people:Person) RETURN people.name LIMIT 10
#Find movies released in the 1990s and return their titles.
MATCH (nineties:Movie) WHERE nineties.released >= 1990 AND nineties.released < 2000 RETURN nineties.title

#What movies did Tom Hanks act in?
MATCH (tom:Person {name: "Tom Hanks"})-[:ACTED_IN]->(tomHanksMovies) RETURN tom,tomHanksMovies
#Who directed "Cloud Atlas"?
MATCH (cloudAtlas:Movie {title: "Cloud Atlas"})<-[:DIRECTED]-(directors) RETURN directors.name
#Who were Tom Hanks' co-actors?
MATCH (tom:Person {name:"Tom Hanks"})-[:ACTED_IN]->(m)<-[:ACTED_IN]-(coActors) RETURN DISTINCT coActors.name
#How people are related to "Cloud Atlas"?
MATCH (people:Person)-[relatedTo]-(:Movie {title: "Cloud Atlas"}) RETURN people.name, Type(relatedTo), relatedTo.roles

3.创建约束（constraint）

创建唯一的节点属性约束，以确保属性值对于具有特定标签的所有节点都是唯一的。添加唯一约束，隐式地在该属性上添加索引。
(movie是个标签，title是个属性)

CREATE CONSTRAINT ON (n:Movie) ASSERT (n.title) IS UNIQUE

4.创建索引（index nodes）

为具有给定标签的所有节点创建一个或多个属性的索引。索引用于提高搜索性能。

CREATE INDEX FOR (m:Movie) ON (m.released)

5.删除

NOTE: Nodes cannot be deleted if they have relationships, so you need to detach the nodes to delete them.

#Delete all Movie and Person nodes, and their relationships.
MATCH (n) DETACH DELETE n
#Verify that the Movie Graph has been removed.
MATCH (n) RETURN n