Python邮件收发（SMTP POP3）

SMTP邮件发送

   SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 简单邮件传输协议。

   smtplib模块

   创建SMTP对象

   
   
smtplib.SMTP( [host [, port [, local_hostname]]] )
参数：
    host : SMTP 服务器主机。可以指定主机的ip地址或域名，可选参数。
    port : host参数需指定SMTP使用端口（25）
    local_hostname : SMTP在本机时，指定localhost

    SMTP对象方法 

    
    
方法 描述
SMTP.set_debuglevel(level) 设置输出debug调试信息，默认不输出
SMTP.docmd(cmd[, argstring]) 发送一个命令到SMTP服务器
SMTP.connect([host[, port]])	 连接到指定的SMTP服务器
SMTP.helo([hostname]) 使用helo指令向SMTP服务器确认你的身份
SMTP.ehlo(hostname)	使用ehlo指令像ESMTP（SMTP扩展）确认你的身份
SMTP.ehlo_or_helo_if_needed() 如果在以前的会话连接中没有提供ehlo或者helo指令，这个方法会调用ehlo()或helo()
SMTP.has_extn(name)	判断指定名称是否在SMTP服务器上
SMTP.verify(address)	 判断邮件地址是否在SMTP服务器上
SMTP.starttls([keyfile[, certfile]])	 使SMTP连接运行在TLS模式，所有的SMTP指令都会被加密
SMTP.login(user, password)	登录SMTP服务器
SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg, mail_options=[], rcpt_options=[]) 发送邮件
    from_addr：邮件发件人
    to_addrs：邮件收件人
    msg：发送消息
SMTP.quit()	关闭SMTP会话
SMTP.close()	 关闭SMTP服务器连接

   1.文件形式邮件

  
  
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header

mail_server = 'smtp.163.com'
mail_server_port = 465

mail_user = 'msun1996@163.com'
mail_pass = 'h19960304'
from_addr = 'msun1996@163.com'
to_addr = ['msun1996@163.com'] #to_addr可放入多个邮箱，以逗号隔开
#发送邮件形式和内容
msg = MIMEText('Python mail test...','plain','utf-8')
msg['From'] = Header('msun','utf-8')
msg['To'] = Header('Test','utf-8')
#发送主题
subject = 'Python SMTP mail test'
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject,'utf-8')
try:
        smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_server,mail_server_port)
        smtp.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
        smtp.sendmail(from_addr,to_addr,msg.as_string())
        smtp.quit()
        print('邮件发送成功')
except smtplib.SMTPException:
        print('Error:邮件发送失败！！！')

   注意:此处用的是465端口 ssl

   问题1：阿里云默认是关闭25端口，醉了！怪不得windose 25端口可以，linux就不行了。

   问题2：windose smtp对象定义格式如下可以

   
   
smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL()
smtp.connect(mail_server,mail_server_port)

        linux下必须用以下格式，否则会有ssl报错

   
   
smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_server,mail_server_port)

   （163邮箱默认没开代理的，要进行设置）

    2.HTML形式邮件

   
   
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
mail_server = 'smtp.163.com'
mail_server_port = 465
mail_user = 'msun1996@163.com'
mail_pass = 'h19960304'
from_addr = 'msun1996@163.com'
to_addr = ['msun1996@163.com'] 
mail_msg='''
<p>Python 邮件发送测试...</p>
<p><a href="http://139.199.82.84/kexiewojia/">这是一个链接</a></p>
'''
msg = MIMEText(mail_msg,'html','utf-8')
msg['From'] = Header('msun','utf-8')
msg['To'] = Header('Test','utf-8')
subject = 'Python SMTP mail test'
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject,'utf-8')
try:
        smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_server,mail_server_port)
        smtp.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
        smtp.sendmail(from_addr,to_addr,msg.as_string())
        smtp.quit()
        print('邮件发送成功')
except smtplib.SMTPException:
        print('Error:邮件发送失败！！！')

   3.邮件附件

   
   
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
mail_server = 'smtp.163.com'
mail_server_port = 465
mail_user = 'msun1996@163.com'
mail_pass = 'h19960304'
from_addr = 'msun1996@163.com'
to_addr = ['msun1996@163.com']
#创建一个带附件实例
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = Header('msun','utf-8')
msg['To'] = Header('Test','utf-8')
subject = 'Python SMTP mail test'
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject,'utf-8')
#邮件正文
msg.attach(MIMEText('Ptthon SMTP mail test...','plain','utf-8'))
#构造附件
att = MIMEText(open('test.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="test.txt"'
msg.attach(att)
try:
        smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_server,mail_server_port)
        smtp.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
        smtp.sendmail(from_addr,to_addr,msg.as_string())
        smtp.quit()
        print('邮件发送成功')
except smtplib.SMTPException:
        print('Error:邮件发送失败！！！')

   4.邮件图片（图片存放于附件中）

   
   
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
mail_server = 'smtp.163.com'
mail_server_port = 465
mail_user = 'msun1996@163.com'
mail_pass = 'h19960304'
from_addr = 'msun1996@163.com'
to_addr = ['msun1996@163.com']

msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = Header('msun','utf-8')
msg['To'] = Header('Test','utf-8')
subject = 'Python SMTP mail test'
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject,'utf-8')
msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg.attach(msgAlternative)
mail_msg = '''
<p>Python SMTP mail test...</p>
<p>图片</p>
<img src='cid:image' width='30' height='30'>
'''
#邮件正文
msg.attach(MIMEText(mail_msg,'html','utf-8'))
#指定图片为当前目录
fp = open('logo.png','rb')
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()
#定义图片ID,在HTML引用
msgImage.add_header('Content-ID','<image>')
msg.attach(msgImage)
try:
        smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_server,mail_server_port)
        smtp.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
        smtp.sendmail(from_addr,to_addr,msg.as_string())
        smtp.quit()
        print('邮件发送成功')
except smtplib.SMTPException:
        print('Error:邮件发送失败！！！')

POP3收取邮件

   pop3收取步骤：

      1.用poplib模块把源始文件下载到本地

      2.用email模块解析原始文本，还原邮件对象

   poplib模块

   poplib建立对象

    
    
poplib.POP3(server)
    server : pop服务器对象

   poplib对象方法

    
    
user(username) 发送用户名到服务器，等待服务器返回信息
pass_(password)	密码
stat() 返回邮箱的状态,返回2元祖(消息的数量,消息的总字节)
list([msgnum])	stat()的扩展，返回一个3元祖(返回信息, 消息列表, 消息的大小)，如果指定msgnum，就只返回指定消息的数据
retr(msgnum)	 获取详细msgnum，设置为已读，返回3元组(返回信息, 消息msgnum的所以内容, 消息的字节数)，如果指定msgnum，就只返回指定消息的数据
dele(msgnum)	 将指定消息标记为删除
quit()	登出，保存修改，解锁邮箱，结束连接，退出

    pop接收实例

    
    
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import poplib
from email.parser import Parser
from email.header import decode_header
from email.utils import parseaddr
from datetime import datetime
email = 'msun1996@163.com'
passwd = 'h19960304'
pop_server = 'pop.163.com'

def get_email():
    server = poplib.POP3_SSL(pop_server,'995')
    # 可以打开或关闭调试信息:
    # server.set_debuglevel(1)
    # 可选:打印POP3服务器的欢迎文字:
    print(server.getwelcome().decode('utf-8'))
    server.user(email)
    server.pass_(passwd)
    #邮件数量和占有空间
    print('Messages: %s. Size: %s' % server.stat())
    #list()返回所有邮件编号
    resp_one,mails,octets_one = server.list()
    #查看返回列表
    #print(mails)
    #获取最新的一封邮件，索引号为1开始
    index = len(mails)
    resp_two, lines, octets_two = server.retr(index)
    #lines存储邮件原始文本每行并进行解析
    msg_content = b'\r\n'.join(lines).decode('utf-8')
    msg = Parser().parsestr(msg_content)
    #可以根据邮件索引从服务器删除邮件
    #server.dele(index)
    #关闭邮件
    server.quit()
    print_info(msg)

#编码设置
def guess_charset(my_msg):
    charset = my_msg.get_charset()
    if charset is None:
        content_type = my_msg.get('Content-Type', '').lower()
        pos = content_type.find('charset=')
        if pos >= 0:
            charset = content_type[pos + 8:].strip()
        return charset
def decode_str(s):
    value, charset = decode_header(s)[0]
    if charset:
        value = value.decode(charset)
        return value

# indent用于缩进显示，递归打印
def print_info(my_msg, indent=0):
    if indent == 0:
        for header in ['From', 'To','Subject']:
            value = my_msg.get(header, '')
            if value:
                if header == 'Subject':
                    value = decode_str(value)
                else:
                    hdr, addr = parseaddr(value)
                    name = decode_str(hdr)
                    value = u'%s <%s>' % (name, addr)
            print('%s%s: %s' % (' ' * indent, header, value))
    if my_msg.is_multipart():
        parts = my_msg.get_payload()
        for n, part in enumerate(parts):
            print('%spart %s' % (' ' * indent, n))
            print('%s-----------------------------------' % ' ' * indent)
            print_info(part, indent + 1)
    else:
        content_type = my_msg.get_content_type()
        if content_type == 'text/plain' or content_type == 'text/html':
            content = my_msg.get_payload(decode=True)
            charset = guess_charset(my_msg)
            if charset:
                content = content.decode(charset)
                print('%sText: %s' % (' ' * indent, content + '...'))
        else:
            print('%sAttachment: %s' % (' ' * indent, content_type))
if __name__ == '__main__':
    get_email()