【多线程】线程异常知多少？

1.常见问题

1.1 Java异常体系图

1.2 实际工作中，如何全局处理异常？为什么要全局处理？不处理行不行？

1.3 run方法是否可以抛出异常？如果抛出异常，线程的状态会怎么样？

run()方法不可以向上抛出异常，只可以自己捕获，抛出异常后，线程停止运行，进入终止状态。

2. 线程的未捕获异常UncaughtException应该如何处理？

2.1 为什么需要UncaughtExceptionHandler?

• 主线程可以轻松发现异常，子线程却不行

/**
 * 描述:单线程，抛出处理，有异常堆栈
 * 多线程，子线程发生异常，会有什么不同？
 * */
public class ExceptionInChildThread implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {

        throw new RuntimeException("运行出错");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Thread(new ExceptionInChildThread()).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println(i);
        }
    }
}

输出结果

程序结果分析

从输出结果来看，子线程抛出异常，主线程并没有停止，而是继续执行，这就造成在实际生产过程中可能遗漏子线程异常信息 。

• 子线程异常无法用传统方法捕获

/**
 * 1.不加try catch抛出4个异常，都是带线程名
 * 2. 加了 try catch,期望捕获到第一个线程的异常，线程234不应该运行，希望看到打印出caught Exception
 * 3. 执行时发现，根本没有Caught Exception,线程234依然运行并且抛出异常。
 *
 * 说明线程的异常不能用传统方法捕获。
 * try catch只能捕获对应线程内的异常
 * */
public class CantCatchDirectly implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        throw new RuntimeException(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "caught exception");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        try{

            new Thread(new CantCatchDirectly(),"whale").start();
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
            new Thread(new CantCatchDirectly(),"shark").start();
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
            new Thread(new CantCatchDirectly(),"salmon").start();
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
            new Thread(new CantCatchDirectly(),"regalecus glesne").start();

        }catch (RuntimeException e){
            System.out.println("catch exception ");
        }

    }
}

输出结果

Exception in thread "shark" Exception in thread "salmon" Exception in thread "whale" Exception in thread "regalecus glesne" java.lang.RuntimeException: sharkcaught exception
	at com.whaleson.threadcoreknowledge.uncaughtexception.CantCatchDirectly.run(CantCatchDirectly.java:14)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
java.lang.RuntimeException: regalecus glesnecaught exception
	at com.whaleson.threadcoreknowledge.uncaughtexception.CantCatchDirectly.run(CantC
	atchDirectly.java:14)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
java.lang.RuntimeException: whalecaught exception
	at com.whaleson.threadcoreknowledge.uncaughtexception.CantCatchDirectly.run(CantCatchDirectly.java:14)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
java.lang.RuntimeException: salmoncaught exception
	at com.whaleson.threadcoreknowledge.uncaughtexception.CantCatchDirectly.run(CantCatchDirectly.java:14)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

Process finished with exit code 0

程序结果分析

从输出结果来看，线程whale抛出，主线程并没有捕获异常，这是因为try catch只能捕获对应线程内的异常。

• 不能直接捕获的后果、提高健壮性

2.2 两种解决方案

• 方案一(不推荐)：手动在每个run方法里进行try catch

public class CantCatchDirectly implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try{

            throw new RuntimeException(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "caught exception");

        }catch (RuntimeException e){

            System.out.println("Caught exception.");

        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        new Thread(new CantCatchDirectly(),"whale").start();
        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
        new Thread(new CantCatchDirectly(),"shark").start();
        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
        new Thread(new CantCatchDirectly(),"salmon").start();
        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
        new Thread(new CantCatchDirectly(),"regalecus glesne").start();

    }
}

• 方案二(推荐):利用UncaughtException
  • UncaughtExceptionHandler接口
  • void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e);
  • 异常处理器的调用策略

public class ThreadGroup implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {
	public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
        if (parent != null) {
            parent.uncaughtException(t, e);
        } else {
            Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler ueh =
                Thread.getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler();
            if (ueh != null) {
                ueh.uncaughtException(t, e);
            } else if (!(e instanceof ThreadDeath)) {
                System.err.print("Exception in thread \""
                                 + t.getName() + "\" ");
                e.printStackTrace(System.err);
            }
        }
    }
}

自定义实现未处理异常

需要实现Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler

import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class SharkUncaughtExceptionHandler implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler{
    @Override
    public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
        Logger logger = Logger.getAnonymousLogger();
        logger.log(Level.WARNING, " thread has exception " + t.getName());
        System.out.println(" current thread name is " + t.getName() + " exception message : " + e.getMessage());
    }

}

将自定义的未捕获异常处理器添加到线程中。

public class UseOwnUncaughtExceptionHandler implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        throw new RuntimeException(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "caught exception");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(new SharkUncaughtExceptionHandler());
        new Thread(new UseOwnUncaughtExceptionHandler(), "whale").start();
        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
        new Thread(new UseOwnUncaughtExceptionHandler(),"shark").start();
        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
        new Thread(new UseOwnUncaughtExceptionHandler(),"salmon").start();
        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
        new Thread(new UseOwnUncaughtExceptionHandler(),"regalecus glesne").start();
    }
}

输出结果

一月 02, 2022 8:12:42 下午 com.whaleson.threadcoreknowledge.uncaughtexception.SharkUncaughtExceptionHandler uncaughtException
警告:  thread has exception whale
 current thread name is whale exception message : whalecaught exception
一月 02, 2022 8:12:42 下午 com.whaleson.threadcoreknowledge.uncaughtexception.SharkUncaughtExceptionHandler uncaughtException
警告:  thread has exception shark
 current thread name is shark exception message : sharkcaught exception
一月 02, 2022 8:12:43 下午 com.whaleson.threadcoreknowledge.uncaughtexception.SharkUncaughtExceptionHandler uncaughtException
警告:  thread has exception salmon
 current thread name is salmon exception message : salmoncaught exception
 current thread name is regalecus glesne exception message : regalecus glesnecaught exception
一月 02, 2022 8:12:43 下午 com.whaleson.threadcoreknowledge.uncaughtexception.SharkUncaughtExceptionHandler uncaughtException
警告:  thread has exception regalecus glesne

使用lambda表达式自定义未捕获异常处理器

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class UseOwnUncaughtExceptionHandler implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        throw new RuntimeException(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "caught exception");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler uncaughtExceptionHandler = (t, e)->{
            Logger logger = Logger.getAnonymousLogger();
            logger.log(Level.WARNING, " thread has exception " + t.getName());
            System.out.println(" current thread name is " + t.getName() + " exception message : " + e.getMessage());
        };
        Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(uncaughtExceptionHandler);

        new Thread(new UseOwnUncaughtExceptionHandler(), "whale").start();
        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
        new Thread(new UseOwnUncaughtExceptionHandler(),"shark").start();
        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
        new Thread(new UseOwnUncaughtExceptionHandler(),"salmon").start();
        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
        new Thread(new UseOwnUncaughtExceptionHandler(),"regalecus glesne").start();
    }
}