使用synchronized和Lock对象获取对象锁

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dreamoftch/article/details/12615961

下面使用ReentrantLock这个锁来实现加锁功能：

package com.tch.test.concurrent;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class SynchronizedTest {

	private ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
	private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new SynchronizedTest().test();
	}
	
	public void test() {
		Runnable runnable = null;
		for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
			runnable = new Runnable(){
				public void run(){
					while(true){
						execute();
					}
				}
			};
			pool.execute(runnable);
		}
	}
	void execute(){
		lock.lock();//首先获得锁
		try{
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+"获得了lock，开始休息");
			Thread.sleep(300);
		}catch(Exception e){}
		finally{
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+"释放了lock,结束休息");
			lock.unlock();//最后一定要释放锁
		}
	}
}

然后使用java的synchronized关键字实现加锁：

package com.tch.test.concurrent;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class SynchronizedTest {

	private ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
	//private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	private Object obj = new Object();
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new SynchronizedTest().test();
	}
	
	public void test() {
		Runnable runnable = null;
		for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
			runnable = new Runnable(){
				public void run(){
					while(true){
						execute();
					}
				}
			};
			pool.execute(runnable);
		}
	}
	void execute(){
		synchronized(obj){
			try {
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+"获得了obj的锁，开始休息");
				Thread.sleep(300);
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+"释放了obj的锁,结束休息");
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

在并发环境下，解决共享资源冲突问题时，可以考虑使用锁机制。

1. 对象的锁

所有对象都自动含有单一的锁。

JVM 负责跟踪对象被加锁的次数。如果一个对象被解锁，其计数变为 0 。在任务（线程）第一次给对象加锁的时候，计数变为 1 。每当这个相同的任务（线程）在此对象上获得锁时，计数会递增。

只有首先获得锁的任务（线程）才能继续获取该对象上的多个锁。

每当任务离开一个 synchronized 方法，计数递减，当计数为 0 的时候，锁被完全释放，此时别的任务就可以使用此资源。

2.synchronized 同步块

2.1 同步到单一对象锁

当使用同步块时，如果方法下的同步块都同步到一个对象上的锁，则所有的任务（线程）只能互斥的进入这些同步块。

Resource1.java 演示了三个线程（包括 main 线程）试图进入某个类的三个不同的方法的同步块中，虽然这些同步块处在不同的方法中，但由于是同步到同一个对象（当前对象 synchronized ( this ) ），所以对它们的方法依然是互斥的。

Resource1.java

package com.zj.lock;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Resource1 {

public void f() {

// other operations should not be locked...

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":not synchronized in f()" );

synchronized ( this ) {

for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":synchronized in f()" );

try {

TimeUnit. SECONDS .sleep(3);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

public void g() {

// other operations should not be locked...

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":not synchronized in g()" );

synchronized ( this ) {

for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":synchronized in g()" );

try {

TimeUnit. SECONDS .sleep(3);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

public void h() {

// other operations should not be locked...

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":not synchronized in h()" );

synchronized ( this ) {

for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":synchronized in h()" );

try {

TimeUnit. SECONDS .sleep(3);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

final Resource1 rs = new Resource1();

new Thread() {

public void run() {

rs.f();

}

}.start();

new Thread() {

public void run() {

rs.g();

}

}.start();

rs.h();

}

结果：

Thread-0:not synchronized in f()

Thread-0:synchronized in f()

main:not synchronized in h()

Thread-1:not synchronized in g()

Thread-0:synchronized in f()

Thread-1:synchronized in g()

main:synchronized in h()

2.2 同步到多个对象锁

Resource1.java 演示了三个线程（包括 main 线程）试图进入某个类的三个不同的方法的同步块中，这些同步块处在不同的方法中，并且是同步到三个不同的对象（ synchronized ( this ) ， synchronized ( syncObject1 ) ， synchronized ( syncObject2 ) ），所以对它们的方法中的临界资源访问是独立的。

Resource2.java

package com.zj.lock;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Resource2 {

private Object syncObject1 = new Object();

private Object syncObject2 = new Object();

public void f() {

// other operations should not be locked...

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":not synchronized in f()" );

synchronized ( this ) {

for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":synchronized in f()" );

try {

TimeUnit. SECONDS .sleep(3);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

public void g() {

// other operations should not be locked...

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":not synchronized in g()" );

synchronized ( syncObject1 ) {

for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":synchronized in g()" );

try {

TimeUnit. SECONDS .sleep(3);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

public void h() {

// other operations should not be locked...

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":not synchronized in h()" );

synchronized ( syncObject2 ) {

for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":synchronized in h()" );

try {

TimeUnit. SECONDS .sleep(3);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

final Resource2 rs = new Resource2();

new Thread() {

public void run() {

rs.f();

}

}.start();

new Thread() {

public void run() {

rs.g();

}

}.start();

rs.h();

}

结果：

Thread-0:not synchronized in f()

Thread-0:synchronized in f()

main:not synchronized in h()

main:synchronized in h()

Thread-1:not synchronized in g()

Thread-1:synchronized in g()

Thread-0:synchronized in f()

main:synchronized in h()

Thread-1:synchronized in g()

Thread-0:synchronized in f()

main:synchronized in h()

Thread-1:synchronized in g()

Thread-0:synchronized in f()

main:synchronized in h()

Thread-1:synchronized in g()

Thread-0:synchronized in f()

main:synchronized in h()

Thread-1:synchronized in g()

3.Lock 对象锁

除了使用 synchronized 外，还可以使用 Lock 对象来创建临界区。 Resource3.java 的演示效果同 Resource1.java ； Resource4.java 的演示效果同 Resource2.java 。

Resource3.java

package com.zj.lock;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Resource3 {

private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

public void f() {

// other operations should not be locked...

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":not synchronized in f()" );

lock .lock();

try {

for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":synchronized in f()" );

try {

TimeUnit. SECONDS .sleep(3);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

} finally {

lock .unlock();

}

public void g() {

// other operations should not be locked...

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":not synchronized in g()" );

lock .lock();

try {

for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":synchronized in g()" );

try {

TimeUnit. SECONDS .sleep(3);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

} finally {

lock .unlock();

}

public void h() {

// other operations should not be locked...

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":not synchronized in h()" );

lock .lock();

try {

for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":synchronized in h()" );

try {

TimeUnit. SECONDS .sleep(3);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

} finally {

lock .unlock();

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

final Resource3 rs = new Resource3();

new Thread() {

public void run() {

rs.f();

}

}.start();

new Thread() {

public void run() {

rs.g();

}

}.start();

rs.h();

}

结果：

Thread-0:not synchronized in f()

Thread-0:synchronized in f()

main:not synchronized in h()

Thread-1:not synchronized in g()

Thread-0:synchronized in f()

main:synchronized in h()

Thread-1:synchronized in g()

Resource4.java

package com.zj.lock;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Resource4 {

private Lock lock1 = new ReentrantLock();

private Lock lock2 = new ReentrantLock();

private Lock lock3 = new ReentrantLock();

public void f() {

// other operations should not be locked...

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":not synchronized in f()" );

lock1 .lock();

try {

for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":synchronized in f()" );

try {

TimeUnit. SECONDS .sleep(3);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

} finally {

lock1 .unlock();

}

public void g() {

// other operations should not be locked...

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":not synchronized in g()" );

lock2 .lock();

try {

for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":synchronized in g()" );

try {

TimeUnit. SECONDS .sleep(3);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

} finally {

lock2 .unlock();

}

public void h() {

// other operations should not be locked...

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":not synchronized in h()" );

lock3 .lock();

try {

for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

System. out .println(Thread.currentThread().getName()

+ ":synchronized in h()" );

try {

TimeUnit. SECONDS .sleep(3);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

} finally {

lock3 .unlock();

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

final Resource4 rs = new Resource4();

new Thread() {

public void run() {

rs.f();

}

}.start();

new Thread() {

public void run() {

rs.g();

}

}.start();

rs.h();

}

结果：

Thread-0:not synchronized in f()

Thread-0:synchronized in f()

main:not synchronized in h()

main:synchronized in h()

Thread-1:not synchronized in g()

Thread-1:synchronized in g()

Thread-0:synchronized in f()

main:synchronized in h()

Thread-1:synchronized in g()

Thread-0:synchronized in f()

main:synchronized in h()

Thread-1:synchronized in g()

Thread-0:synchronized in f()

main:synchronized in h()

Thread-1:synchronized in g()

Thread-0:synchronized in f()

main:synchronized in h()

Thread-1:synchronized in g()