Java:使用synchronized和Lock对象获取对象锁
下面使用ReentrantLock这个锁来实现加锁功能:
package com.tch.test.concurrent;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class SynchronizedTest {
private ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SynchronizedTest().test();
}
public void test() {
Runnable runnable = null;
for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
runnable = new Runnable(){
public void run(){
while(true){
execute();
}
}
};
pool.execute(runnable);
}
}
void execute(){
lock.lock();//首先获得锁
try{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+"获得了lock,开始休息");
Thread.sleep(300);
}catch(Exception e){}
finally{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+"释放了lock,结束休息");
lock.unlock();//最后一定要释放锁
}
}
}
然后使用java的synchronized关键字实现加锁:
package com.tch.test.concurrent;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class SynchronizedTest {
private ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
//private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Object obj = new Object();
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SynchronizedTest().test();
}
public void test() {
Runnable runnable = null;
for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
runnable = new Runnable(){
public void run(){
while(true){
execute();
}
}
};
pool.execute(runnable);
}
}
void execute(){
synchronized(obj){
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+"获得了obj的锁,开始休息");
Thread.sleep(300);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+"释放了obj的锁,结束休息");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
1.
对象的锁
所有对象都自动含有单一的锁。
JVM
负责跟踪对象被加锁的次数。如果一个对象被解锁,其计数变为
0
。在任务(线程)第一次给对象加锁的时候,计数变为
1
。每当这个相同的任务(线程)在此对象上获得锁时,计数会递增。
只有首先获得锁的任务(线程)才能继续获取该对象上的多个锁。
每当任务离开一个
synchronized
方法,计数递减,当计数为
0
的时候,锁被完全释放,此时别的任务就可以使用此资源。
2.synchronized
同步块
2.1
同步到单一对象锁
当使用同步块时,如果方法下的同步块都同步到一个对象上的锁,则所有的任务(线程)只能互斥的进入这些同步块。
Resource1.java
演示了三个线程(包括
main
线程)试图进入某个类的三个不同的方法的同步块中,虽然这些同步块处在不同的方法中,但由于是同步到同一个对象(当前对象
synchronized
(
this
)
),所以对它们的方法依然是互斥的。
Resource1.java
package
com.zj.lock;
import
java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public
class
Resource1 {
public
void
f() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in f()"
);
synchronized
(
this
) {
for
(
int
i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in f()"
);
try
{
TimeUnit.
SECONDS
.sleep(3);
}
catch
(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public
void
g() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in g()"
);
synchronized
(
this
) {
for
(
int
i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in g()"
);
try
{
TimeUnit.
SECONDS
.sleep(3);
}
catch
(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public
void
h() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in h()"
);
synchronized
(
this
) {
for
(
int
i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in h()"
);
try
{
TimeUnit.
SECONDS
.sleep(3);
}
catch
(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
final
Resource1 rs =
new
Resource1();
new
Thread() {
public
void
run() {
rs.f();
}
}.start();
new
Thread() {
public
void
run() {
rs.g();
}
}.start();
rs.h();
}
}
|
结果:
Thread-0:not synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:not synchronized in h()
Thread-1:not synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
main:synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
2.2
同步到多个对象锁
Resource1.java
演示了三个线程(包括
main
线程)试图进入某个类的三个不同的方法的同步块中,这些同步块处在不同的方法中,并且是同步到三个不同的对象(
synchronized
(
this
)
,
synchronized
(
syncObject1
)
,
synchronized
(
syncObject2
)
),所以对它们的方法中的临界资源访问是独立的。
Resource2.java
package
com.zj.lock;
import
java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public
class
Resource2 {
private
Object
syncObject1
=
new
Object();
private
Object
syncObject2
=
new
Object();
public
void
f() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in f()"
);
synchronized
(
this
) {
for
(
int
i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in f()"
);
try
{
TimeUnit.
SECONDS
.sleep(3);
}
catch
(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public
void
g() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in g()"
);
synchronized
(
syncObject1
) {
for
(
int
i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in g()"
);
try
{
TimeUnit.
SECONDS
.sleep(3);
}
catch
(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public
void
h() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in h()"
);
synchronized
(
syncObject2
) {
for
(
int
i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in h()"
);
try
{
TimeUnit.
SECONDS
.sleep(3);
}
catch
(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
final
Resource2 rs =
new
Resource2();
new
Thread() {
public
void
run() {
rs.f();
}
}.start();
new
Thread() {
public
void
run() {
rs.g();
}
}.start();
rs.h();
}
}
|
结果:
Thread-0:not synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:not synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:not synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
3.Lock
对象锁
除了使用
synchronized
外,还可以使用
Lock
对象来创建临界区。
Resource3.java
的演示效果同
Resource1.java
;
Resource4.java
的演示效果同
Resource2.java
。
Resource3.java
package
com.zj.lock;
import
java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import
java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import
java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public
class
Resource3 {
private
Lock
lock
=
new
ReentrantLock();
public
void
f() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in f()"
);
lock
.lock();
try
{
for
(
int
i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in f()"
);
try
{
TimeUnit.
SECONDS
.sleep(3);
}
catch
(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
finally
{
lock
.unlock();
}
}
public
void
g() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in g()"
);
lock
.lock();
try
{
for
(
int
i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in g()"
);
try
{
TimeUnit.
SECONDS
.sleep(3);
}
catch
(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
finally
{
lock
.unlock();
}
}
public
void
h() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in h()"
);
lock
.lock();
try
{
for
(
int
i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in h()"
);
try
{
TimeUnit.
SECONDS
.sleep(3);
}
catch
(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
finally
{
lock
.unlock();
}
}
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
final
Resource3 rs =
new
Resource3();
new
Thread() {
public
void
run() {
rs.f();
}
}.start();
new
Thread() {
public
void
run() {
rs.g();
}
}.start();
rs.h();
}
}
|
结果:
Thread-0:not synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:not synchronized in h()
Thread-1:not synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Resource4.java
package
com.zj.lock;
import
java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import
java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import
java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public
class
Resource4 {
private
Lock
lock1
=
new
ReentrantLock();
private
Lock
lock2
=
new
ReentrantLock();
private
Lock
lock3
=
new
ReentrantLock();
public
void
f() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in f()"
);
lock1
.lock();
try
{
for
(
int
i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in f()"
);
try
{
TimeUnit.
SECONDS
.sleep(3);
}
catch
(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
finally
{
lock1
.unlock();
}
}
public
void
g() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in g()"
);
lock2
.lock();
try
{
for
(
int
i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in g()"
);
try
{
TimeUnit.
SECONDS
.sleep(3);
}
catch
(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
finally
{
lock2
.unlock();
}
}
public
void
h() {
// other operations should not be locked...
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":not synchronized in h()"
);
lock3
.lock();
try
{
for
(
int
i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.
out
.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+
":synchronized in h()"
);
try
{
TimeUnit.
SECONDS
.sleep(3);
}
catch
(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
finally
{
lock3
.unlock();
}
}
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
final
Resource4 rs =
new
Resource4();
new
Thread() {
public
void
run() {
rs.f();
}
}.start();
new
Thread() {
public
void
run() {
rs.g();
}
}.start();
rs.h();
}
}
|
结果:
Thread-0:not synchronized in f()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:not synchronized in h()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:not synchronized in g()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()
Thread-0:synchronized in f()
main:synchronized in h()
Thread-1:synchronized in g()