文章目录
并发任务编排实现
其实Java8中提供了并发编程框架CompletableFuture
,以下结合不同场景进行使用。
不带返回值/参数传递任务
模拟任务代码:
DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
class TaskA implements Runnable{
@SneakyThrows
@Override
public void run() {
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println(String.format("threadName: [%s] taskName:[%s] time:[%s]", Thread.currentThread().getName(), "任务A", LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter)));
}
}
class TaskB implements Runnable{
@SneakyThrows
@Override
public void run() {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(String.format("threadName: [%s] taskName:[%s] time:[%s]", Thread.currentThread().getName(), "任务B", LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter)));
}
}
class TaskC implements Runnable{
@SneakyThrows
@Override
public void run() {
Thread.sleep(50);
System.out.println(String.format("threadName: [%s] taskName:[%s] time:[%s]", Thread.currentThread().getName(), "任务C", LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter)));
}
}
串行执行
A、B、C任务串行执行
CompletableFuture,runAsync():异步执行
thenRun():上个任务结束再执行(不带上一个返回值结果)下一个任务
get():阻塞等待任务执行完成
实现方式:
@Test
void thenRunTest() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture.runAsync(new TaskA()).thenRun(new TaskB()).thenRun(new TaskC());
future.get();
}
输出:
threadName: [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1] taskName:[任务A] time:[2021-06-01 22:56:51]
threadName: [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1] taskName:[任务B] time:[2021-06-01 22:56:52]
threadName: [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1] taskName:[任务C] time:[2021-06-01 22:56:53]
从日志就能看出串行执行就是通过单线程执行多个任务。
并行执行
A、B、C任务并行执行
CompletableFuture.allOf():等待所有的CompletableFuture执行完成,无返回值
代码实现:
/**
* 并发执行ABC任务
*/
@SneakyThrows
@Test
void SeqTest(){
String start = LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter);
System.out.println(String.format("start task [%s]", start));
CompletableFuture[] futures = new CompletableFuture[3];
futures[0] = CompletableFuture.runAsync(new TaskA());
futures[1] = CompletableFuture.runAsync(new TaskB());
futures[2] = CompletableFuture.runAsync(new TaskC());
CompletableFuture.allOf(futures).get();
String end = LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter);
System.out.println(String.format("end task [%s]", end));
}
输出:
start task [2021-06-01 23:03:49]
threadName: [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-3] taskName:[任务C] time:[2021-06-01 23:03:49]
threadName: [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2] taskName:[任务B] time:[2021-06-01 23:03:50]
threadName: [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1] taskName:[任务A] time:[2021-06-01 23:03:51]
end task [2021-06-01 23:03:51]
上述这种方式执行可以看出CompletableFuture
默认使用的是ForkJoinPool.commonPool
线程池,居然用的默认线程池那线程数是如何配置的呢?后来找到源码发现commonPool
线程池配置代码如下
- 先去看看java环境变量有没有制定线程数(如果没有特殊制定默认没有)
- 如果没有配置则通过操作系统的核心数减一来设置线程数(我理解的减一应该是为了给main thread执行)
- 这种默认配置方式适合用于CPU密集型任务,如果IO型需要我们自己去配置线程池
并行执行-自定义线程池
不是所有任务都是CPU密集型,为了解决上述问题,尤其是IO场景,我们需要根据业务场景配置合理线程数充分使其利用cpu资源。
如何合理配置线程数可以参考我之前文章
@SneakyThrows
@Test
void ParTestWithThreadPool(){
String start = LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter);
System.out.println(String.format("start task [%s]", start));
ThreadPoolExecutor customThreadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(24, 32, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(1000));
CompletableFuture[] futures = new CompletableFuture[3];
futures[0] = CompletableFuture.runAsync(new TaskA(), customThreadPool);
futures[1] = CompletableFuture.runAsync(new TaskB(), customThreadPool);
futures[2] = CompletableFuture.runAsync(new TaskC(), customThreadPool);
CompletableFuture.allOf(futures).get();
String end = LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter);
System.out.println(String.format("end task [%s]", end));
}
输出:
start task [2021-06-02 00:00:05]
threadName: [pool-1-thread-3] taskName:[任务C] time:[2021-06-02 00:00:05]
threadName: [pool-1-thread-2] taskName:[任务B] time:[2021-06-02 00:00:06]
threadName: [pool-1-thread-1] taskName:[任务A] time:[2021-06-02 00:00:07]
end task [2021-06-02 00:00:07]
阻塞等待:多并行任务执行完再执行
A、B并行都执行完后再执行C任务
@AfterTest
void after(){
String end = LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter);
System.out.println(String.format("end task [%s]", end));
}
@Test
void SeqAndParTest() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor customThreadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(8, 16, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(1000));
CompletableFuture[] futures = new CompletableFuture[2];
futures[0] = CompletableFuture.runAsync(new TaskA(), customThreadPool);
futures[1] = CompletableFuture.runAsync(new TaskB(), customThreadPool);
CompletableFuture.allOf(futures).get();
CompletableFuture.runAsync(new TaskC(), customThreadPool).get();
}
输出:
start task [2021-06-02 16:56:42]
threadName: [pool-1-thread-2] taskName:[任务B] time:[2021-06-02 16:56:43]
threadName: [pool-1-thread-1] taskName:[任务A] time:[2021-06-02 16:56:44]
threadName: [pool-1-thread-3] taskName:[任务C] time:[2021-06-02 16:56:44]
end task [2021-06-02 16:56:44]
从输出中能看出B、A任务并发执行完成以后再执行C任务
任意一个任务并发执行完就执行下个任务
A、B并发执行,只要有一个执行完就执行C任务
anyOf:只要有任意一个CompletableFuture结束,就可以做接下来的事情,而无须像AllOf那样,等待所有的CompletableFuture结束
@Test
void anyOf() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor customThreadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(8, 16, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(1000));
CompletableFuture[] futures = new CompletableFuture[2];
futures[0] = CompletableFuture.runAsync(new TaskA(), customThreadPool);
futures[1] = CompletableFuture.runAsync(new TaskB(), customThreadPool);
CompletableFuture.anyOf(futures).get();
CompletableFuture.runAsync(new TaskC(), customThreadPool).get();
}
输出:
start task [2021-06-02 17:43:42]
threadName: [pool-1-thread-2] taskName:[任务B] time:[2021-06-02 17:43:43]
threadName: [pool-1-thread-3] taskName:[任务C] time:[2021-06-02 17:43:43]
-----------
end task [2021-06-02 17:43:43]
串并行任务依赖场景
@Test
void multiSeqAndParTest() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
ThreadPoolExecutor customThreadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(8, 16, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(1000));
CompletableFuture.runAsync(new TaskA(), customThreadPool).get();
CompletableFuture[] futures = new CompletableFuture[2];
futures[0] = CompletableFuture.runAsync(new TaskB(), customThreadPool).thenRun(new TaskC());
futures[1] = CompletableFuture.runAsync(new TaskD(), customThreadPool).thenRun(new TaskE());
CompletableFuture.allOf(futures).get();
CompletableFuture.runAsync(new TaskF(), customThreadPool).get();
}
输出:
start task [2021-06-02 17:33:35]
threadName: [pool-1-thread-1] taskName:[任务A] time:[2021-06-02 17:33:37]
-----------
threadName: [pool-1-thread-3] taskName:[任务D] time:[2021-06-02 17:33:37]
threadName: [pool-1-thread-3] taskName:[任务E] time:[2021-06-02 17:33:37]
-----------
threadName: [pool-1-thread-2] taskName:[任务B] time:[2021-06-02 17:33:38]
threadName: [pool-1-thread-2] taskName:[任务C] time:[2021-06-02 17:33:38]
-----------
threadName: [pool-1-thread-4] taskName:[任务F] time:[2021-06-02 17:33:38]
end task [2021-06-02 17:33:38]
带返回值/参数传递任务
模拟任务
String taskA(){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String v = String.format("threadName: [%s] taskName:[%s] time:[%s]", Thread.currentThread().getName(), "任务A", LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter));
return v;
}
String taskB(){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String v = String.format("threadName: [%s] taskName:[%s] time:[%s]", Thread.currentThread().getName(), "任务B", LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter));
return v;
}
String taskC(){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String v = String.format("threadName: [%s] taskName:[%s] time:[%s]", Thread.currentThread().getName(), "任务C", LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter));
return v;
}
带返回值实现
supplyAsync():异步执行并带返回值
@Test
void supplyAsync() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
CompletableFuture<String> stringCompletableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> taskA());
String result = stringCompletableFuture.get();
System.out.println(result);
}
String taskA(){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "hello";
}
串行执行
thenApply(): 后面跟的是一个有参数、有返回值的方法,称为Function。返回值是CompletableFuture类型。
thenAccept():上个任务结束再执行(前面任务的结果作为下一个任务的入参)下一个任务
String taskA(){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String v = String.format("threadName: [%s] taskName:[%s] time:[%s]", Thread.currentThread().getName(), "任务A", LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter));
return v;
}
void taskC(String param){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String v = String.format("threadName: [%s] taskName:[%s] time:[%s]", Thread.currentThread().getName(), "任务C", LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter));
System.out.println(param + "\n ->" + v);
}
@Test
void seqTest1() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
CompletableFuture<Void> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> taskA()).thenApply(param -> {
String v = String.format("threadName: [%s] taskName:[%s] time:[%s]", Thread.currentThread().getName(), "任务B", LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter));
return param + "\n ->" + v;
}).thenAccept(param -> taskC(param));
completableFuture.get();
}
输出:
start task [2021-06-03 11:14:27]
threadName: [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1] taskName:[任务A] time:[2021-06-03 11:14:30]
->threadName: [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1] taskName:[任务B] time:[2021-06-03 11:14:30]
->threadName: [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1] taskName:[任务C] time:[2021-06-03 11:14:31]
end task [2021-06-03 11:14:31]
多线程任务串行执行
A、B、C任务在多个线程环境下执行,但是执行需要带要带参数传递A->B->C,感觉这种使用场景比较少
thenCompose():第1个参数是一个CompletableFuture类型,第2个参数是一个方法,并且是一个BiFunction,也就是该方法有2个输入参数,1个返回值。从该接口的定义可以大致推测,它是要在2个 CompletableFuture 完成之后,把2个CompletableFuture的返回值传进去,再额外做一些事情。
模拟任务:
String taskA(){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String v = String.format("threadName: [%s] taskName:[%s] time:[%s]", Thread.currentThread().getName(), "任务A", LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter));
return v;
}
String taskB(String param){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String v = String.format("threadName: [%s] taskName:[%s] time:[%s]", Thread.currentThread().getName(), "任务B", LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter));
return param + "\n ->" + v;
}
String taskC2(String param){
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String v = String.format("threadName: [%s] taskName:[%s] time:[%s]", Thread.currentThread().getName(), "任务C", LocalDateTime.now().format(formatter));
return param + "\n ->" + v;
}
实现一:
@Test
void multiCompletableFutureSeqTest() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> taskA()).
thenCompose(firstTaskReturn -> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> taskB(firstTaskReturn))).
thenCompose(secondTaskReturn -> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> taskC2(secondTaskReturn)));
System.out.println(future.get());
}
输出:
start task [2021-06-03 15:04:45]
threadName: [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1] taskName:[任务A] time:[2021-06-03 15:04:48]
->threadName: [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2] taskName:[任务B] time:[2021-06-03 15:04:51]
->threadName: [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2] taskName:[任务C] time:[2021-06-03 15:04:54]
end task [2021-06-03 15:04:54]
对任务并行执行,返回值combine
如果希望返回值是一个非嵌套的CompletableFuture,可以使用thenCompose
@SneakyThrows
@Test
void multiCombineTest(){
CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> taskA()).
thenCombine(CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> taskB2()), (s1, s2) -> s1 + "\n" + s2 + "\n" + "combine: " + Thread.currentThread().getName())
.thenCombine(CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> taskC2()), (s1, s2) -> s1 + "\n" + s2 + "\n" + "combine: " + Thread.currentThread().getName())
;
System.out.println(future.get());
}
写在最后
推荐一个大佬的并发编程框架,文章思路是照着他的readme去写的