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迭代器模式:提供一个方法顺序访问一个聚合对象中的各个元素,而又不暴露其内部的表示。
迭代器模式提供了一种方法,可以顺序访问一个聚合对象中的元素,而又不用知道内部是如何标示的。另外,迭代器模式把在元素之间游走的责任交给迭代器,而不是聚合对象,让聚合更专注于数据集合。
案例实现情景:我和友人去超市分头购物,在结帐时,我们遍历一下我们的 “扫货” 清单(遍历打印购物清单),在实现上,Me使用ArrayList,友人使用Thing[]数组,给遍历造成困扰。
案例代码:
Thing.java
public class Thing {
private String name;
private long price;
public Thing(String name,long price){
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Thing [name=" + name + ", price=" + price + "]";
}
}
Me.java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class Me {
private ArrayList<Thing> shopping = new ArrayList<Thing>();
public Me(){
shopping.add(new Thing("巧克力", 35));
shopping.add(new Thing("凉茶", 4));
shopping.add(new Thing("袜子", 9));
shopping.add(new Thing("香蕉", 12));
}
public Iterator<Thing> createIterator(){
return shopping.iterator();
}
}
Friends.java
import java.util.Iterator;
public class Friends {
private Thing[] shopping = new Thing[100];
public Friends(){
shopping[0] = new Thing("牛奶",15);
shopping[1] = new Thing("苹果",10);
shopping[2] = new Thing("薯片",4);
}
public Iterator<Thing> createIterator(){
return new ArrayIterator(shopping);
}
}
ArrayIterator.java
import java.util.Iterator;
public class ArrayIterator implements Iterator<Thing>{
private Thing[] thingArray;
private int position = 0;
public ArrayIterator(Thing[] array){
thingArray = array;
}
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
while(position<thingArray.length && thingArray[position] != null){
return true;
}
return false;
}
@Override
public Thing next() {
return thingArray[position++];
}
@Override
public void remove() {
//noting to do
}
}
Test.java
import java.security.AllPermission;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]){
ArrayList<Iterator<Thing>> allIterator = new ArrayList<Iterator<Thing>>();
Me me = new Me();
Friends friends = new Friends();
Iterator<Thing> meIterator = me.createIterator();
Iterator<Thing> friendsIterator = friends.createIterator();
allIterator.add(meIterator);
allIterator.add(friendsIterator);
for(Iterator<Thing> iterator:allIterator){
while(iterator.hasNext()){
System.out.println(iterator.next());
}
System.out.println("---------------------");
}
}
}
测试结果:
Thing [name=巧克力, price=35]
Thing [name=凉茶, price=4]
Thing [name=袜子, price=9]
Thing [name=香蕉, price=12]
---------------------
Thing [name=牛奶, price=15]
Thing [name=苹果, price=10]
Thing [name=薯片, price=4]
---------------------
总结:
设计原则:
单一职责:一个类应该只有一个引起变化的职责。
当一个模块或一个类被设计成只支持一组相关的功能时,我们说它具有高内聚。