一、聚合函数
聚合函数,对表中的数据进行统计和计算,用于统计和计算分组数据。分组查询不统计字段为null 的数据
常用的分组查询
count(col): 表示求指定列的总行数
max(col): 表示求指定列的最大值
min(col): 表示求指定列的最小值
sum(col): 表示求指定列的和
avg(col): 表示求指定列的平均值
例:
mysql> select * from personinfo;
+----+-----------+------+--------+--------+--------+---------------------------+--------------------+--------+
| id | name | age | gender | height | city | addr | personId | is_del |
+----+-----------+------+--------+--------+--------+---------------------------+--------------------+--------+
| 2 | xiaozhang | 20 | 男 | 172.00 | NULL | NULL | 510131198605171237 | |
| 3 | xiaoliao | 25 | 男 | 172.00 | 成都 | 高新区合作路1112号 | 510131198605106578 | |
| 4 | xiaozhao | 30 | 女 | 160.00 | 成都 | 双流区空港4路128号 | 510131198905101234 | |
| 5 | xiaoliao | 25 | 男 | NULL | 重庆 | NULL | 510131198505101235 | |
| 6 | xiaozhao | 30 | 女 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 510131198505101236 | |
+----+-----------+------+--------+--------+--------+---------------------------+--------------------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#统计身高
mysql> select count(height) from personinfo;
+---------------+
| count(height) |
+---------------+
| 3 |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#统计身高 最大值
mysql> select max(height) from personinfo;
+-------------+
| max(height) |
+-------------+
| 172.00 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#统计身高平均值
mysql> select avg(height) from personinfo;
+-------------+
| avg(height) |
+-------------+
| 168.000000 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
二、分组查询
分组查询就是将查询结果按照指定字段进行分组,字段中数据相等的分为一组。
分组查询基本的语法格式如下:
GROUP BY 列名 [HAVING 条件表达式] [WITH ROLLUP]
说明:
列名: 是指按照指定字段的值进行分组。
HAVING 条件表达式: 用来过滤分组后的数据。
WITH ROLLUP:在所有记录的最后加上一条记录,显示select查询时聚合函数的统计和计算结果
2.1 group by可用于单个字段分组,也可用于多个字段分组
mysql> select * from personinfo;
+----+-----------+------+--------+--------+--------+--------------+--------------------+
| id | name | age | gender | height | city | addr | personId |
+----+-----------+------+--------+--------+--------+--------------+--------------------+
| 1 | xiaozhang | 20 | 男 | 172.00 | 成都 | 成都高新 | 510131198605136412 |
| 2 | xiaozhang | 20 | 男 | 172.00 | 成都 | 成都高新 | 510131198605136413 |
| 3 | xiaowang | 22 | 男 | 172.00 | 成都 | 成都高新 | 510131198605136414 |
| 4 | xiaowang | 30 | 男 | 170.00 | 成都 | 成都高新 | 510131198605136415 |
| 5 | xiaozhao | 25 | 女 | 165.00 | 重庆 | 重庆高新 | 510131198605136416 |
| 6 | xiaozhao | 26 | 女 | 165.00 | 重庆 | 重庆高新 | 510131198605136417 |
+----+-----------+------+--------+--------+--------+--------------+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#以性别、名字进行分组,不会显示重复的
mysql> select gender,name from personinfo group by gender,name;
+--------+-----------+
| gender | name |
+--------+-----------+
| 男 | xiaowang |
| 男 | xiaozhang |
| 女 | xiaozhao |
+--------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
2.2 group by + group_concat()的使用
group_concat(字段名): 统计每个分组指定字段的 信息集合,会显示重复人名,每个信息之间使用逗号进行分割
mysql> select gender,group_concat(name) from personinfo group by gender;
+--------+---------------------------------------+
| gender | group_concat(name) |
+--------+---------------------------------------+
| 男 | xiaozhang,xiaozhang,xiaowang,xiaowang |
| 女 | xiaozhao,xiaozhao |
+--------+---------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.3 group by + 聚合函数的使用
统计不同身高下的平均年龄
mysql> select height,avg(age) from personinfo group by height;
+--------+----------+
| height | avg(age) |
+--------+----------+
| 165.00 | 25.5000 |
| 170.00 | 30.0000 |
| 172.00 | 20.6667 |
+--------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
统计不同身高下的人员个数
mysql> select height,count(name) from personinfo group by height;
+--------+-------------+
| height | count(name) |
+--------+-------------+
| 165.00 | 2 |
| 170.00 | 1 |
| 172.00 | 3 |
+--------+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.4 group by + having的使用
having作用和where类似都是过滤数据的,但having是过滤分组后的数据,只能用于group by
统计不同身高下人员个数,并只统计身高大于170的
mysql> select height,count(name) from personinfo group by height having height >=170;
+--------+-------------+
| height | count(name) |
+--------+-------------+
| 170.00 | 1 |
| 172.00 | 3 |
+--------+-------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.5 group by + with rollup的使用
with rollup的作用是:在最后记录后面新增一行,显示select查询时聚合函数的统计和计算结果
mysql> select height,count(name) from personinfo group by height;
根据height 字段进行分组,使用聚合函数统计每个身高的人数,并使用rollup 汇总总人数
mysql> select height,count(name) from personinfo group by height with rollup;
+--------+-------------+
| height | count(name) |
+--------+-------------+
| 165.00 | 2 |
| 170.00 | 1 |
| 172.00 | 3 |
| NULL | 6 |
+--------+-------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)