keepalived实现MySQL高可用

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-17 11:10:24 发布
最新推荐文章于 2023-12-17 11:10:24 发布
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keepalived实现MySQL高可用
环境说明
系统信息主机名IP工具
redhat7hxdserver192.168.225.128keepalived MySQL
redhat7bogon192.168.225.129keepalived MySQL
redhat7test192.168.225.130Mariadb
keepalived安装
//关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@hxdserver ~]# systemctl stop firewalld 
[root@hxdserver ~]# systemctl disable firewalld 
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@hxdserver ~]# setenforce 0 
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@hxdserver ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

//安装keepalived
[root@hxdserver ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim wget gcc gcc-c++
[root@hxdserver ~]# yum -y install keepalived
在备机上做以上相同操作
//主备机上都安装MySQL
//创建用户和组
[root@hxdserver ~]# groupadd -r mysql
[root@hxdserver ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql
//解压之前下载好的安装包
[root@hxdserver ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@hxdserver local]# ls
bin  games    lib    libexec                                     sbin   src
etc  include  lib64  mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz  share
[root@hxdserver local]# tar xf mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
[root@hxdserver local]# ls
bin    include  libexec                                     sbin
etc    lib      mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64         share
games  lib64    mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz  src
//创建一个软连接，方便使用
[root@hxdserver local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql 
"mysql" -> "mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/"
[root@hxdserver local]# ll
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root        36 9月  25 17:24 mysql -> mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root       129 9月  25 17:19 mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
//修改目录的属主和属组
[root@hxdserver ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@hxdserver ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql -d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 9月  25 17:24 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
//添加环境变量
[root@hxdserver ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 
[root@hxdserver ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 
[root@hxdserver ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
//创建数据储存的目录
[root@hxdserver ~]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@hxdserver ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@hxdserver ~]# ll /opt/
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 9月  25 17:35 data
//初始化数据库
[root@hxdserver ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data
2018-09-25T10:22:38.855635Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-09-25T10:22:39.512697Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-09-25T10:22:39.553504Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-09-25T10:22:39.640246Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ee1a32a6-c0ac-11e8-be86-000c294b7cb8.
2018-09-25T10:22:39.641568Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2018-09-25T10:22:39.647861Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 08waBnuLEe(>   //这里冒号后面的是初始密码
//生成配置文件
[root@hxdserver ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@hxdserver ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3306
pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid
user=mysql
skip-name-resolve
//配置服务启动脚本
[root@hxdserver ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@hxdserver ~]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld 
[root@hxdserver ~]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld 
//启动mysql
[root@hxdserver ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/hxdserver.err'.
. SUCCESS! 
[root@hxdserver ~]# ps -ef |grep mysql
root      13436      1  0 18:44 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/data --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid
mysql     13614  13436  2 18:44 pts/1    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/opt/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=hxdserver.err --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root      13648  12759  0 18:44 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@hxdserver ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128              *:22                           *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100      127.0.0.1:25                           *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128             :::22                          :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100            ::1:25                          :::*                  
LISTEN     0      80              :::3306                        :::*   

//修改密码，登录时使用前面所给的初始密码
[root@hxdserver ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.23

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
//设置新密码
mysql> set password = password('hxd123456.');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

//为了容易看出效果，这里在两台装有MySQL分别创建不同的库,并允许root用户在所有主机上能够登录本机数据库

mysql> set password = password('hxd123456.');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database dubai123;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| dubai123           |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'hxd123456!' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  • 192.168.225.129
mysql> set password = password('hxd123456.');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database hxd123;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hxd123             |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'hxd123456!' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  • 192.168.225.128修改keepalived配置文件
[root@hxdserver ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
    auth_type PASS
    auth_pass dubai
 }
    virtual_ipaddress {
    192.168.225.250
  }
}

virtual_server 192.168.225.250 3306 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.225.128 3306 {
         weight 1
         TCP_CHECK {
          connect_port 3306
          connect_timeout 3
          nb_get_retry 3
          delay_before_retry 3
          }
     }
    real_server 192.168.225.129 3306 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 3306
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3

     }
   }
}
//开启服务

[root@hxdserver ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@hxdserver ~]# systemctl enable keepalived
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.
  • 192.168.225.129修改keepalived配置文件

[root@bogon ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    router_id lb02
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass dubai
 }
    virtual_ipaddress {
    192.168.225.250
  }
}
virtual_server 192.168.225.250 3306 {
   delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.225.128 3306 {
         weight 1
         TCP_CHECK {
          connect_port 3306

          connect_timeout 3
          nb_get_retry 3
          delay_before_retry 3
          }
     }
    real_server 192.168.225.129 3306 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 3306
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3

     }
   }
}
//开启服务
[root@bogon ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@bogon ~]# systemctl enable keepalived
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.
  • 在192.168.225.130上使用虚拟IP访问数据库
root@test ~]# mysql -uroot -h192.168.225.250 -phxd123456!
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 283
Server version: 5.7.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| dubai123           |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> 
//从库的名字判断出这是我们所设置的master

//写控制keepalived的脚本和发送邮件的脚本

[root@hxdserver ~]# mkdir /scripts/
[root@hxdserver ~]# vim /scripts/check_my.sh
#!/bin/bash

mysql_status=`ps -ef | grep mysql | grep -Ev "grep|$0" | wc -l`

if [ $mysql_status -eq 0 ];
    systemctl stop keepalived
fi
[root@hxdserver ~]# chmod +x /scripts/check_my.sh
[root@hxdserver ~]# vim /scripts/notify.sh
#!/bin/bash

VIP=$1
sendmail (){
         subject="${VIP} ip address drift"        content="`date +'%F-%H%M%S'`:`ip a | grep eth0 | grep inet | head -1 | awk -F '[ /]+' '{print $3}'` change to master"
        echo $conter | mail -s "$subject" 182026----@qq.com
}
sendmail
[root@hxdserver ~]# chmod +x /scripts/notify.sh
//再修改keepalived配置文件
[root@hxdserver ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    router_id lb01
}
vrrp_script mysql_check {
    script "/scripts/check_my.sh"
    interval 1
    weight -20
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
    auth_type PASS
    auth_pass dubai
 }
    virtual_ipaddress {
    192.168.225.250
  }
track_script {
        mysql_check
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh 192.168.225.250"
}

virtual_server 192.168.225.250 3306 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.225.128 3306 {
         weight 1
         TCP_CHECK {
          connect_port 3306
          connect_timeout 3
          nb_get_retry 3
          delay_before_retry 3
          }
     }
    real_server 192.168.225.129 3306 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 3306
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3

     }
   }
}
  • 192.168.225.129
    编写发送邮件的脚本
[root@bogon ~]# mkdir /scripts/
[root@bogon ~]# vim /scripts/notify.sh
#!/bin/bash

sendmail (){
        subject="${VIP} ip address drift"        content="`date +'%F-%H%M%S'`:`ip a | grep ens33 | grep inet | head -1 | awk -F '[ /]+' '{print $3}'` change to master"
        echo $conter | mail -s "$subject" 1820263----@qq.com
}

sendmail
[root@bogon ~]# chmod +x /scripts/notify.sh
//修改keepalived配置文件
[root@bogon ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    router_id lb02
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass dubai
 }
    virtual_ipaddress {
    192.168.225.250
  }
   notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh 192.168.225.250"
}
virtual_server 192.168.225.250 3306 {
   delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.225.128 3306 {
         weight 1
         TCP_CHECK {
          connect_port 3306

          connect_timeout 3
          nb_get_retry 3
          delay_before_retry 3
          }
     }
    real_server 192.168.225.129 3306 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 3306
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3

     }
   }
}
  • 将128和129的keepalived服务都重启一次
  • 将128和129都装上邮件工具
[root@hxdserver ~]# yum -y install mailx
测试

在192.168.225.130（test）上访问虚拟IP显示的是master的数据库

[root@test ~]# mysql -uroot -h192.168.225.250 -phxd123456!
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 283
Server version: 5.7.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| dubai123           |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  • 再将192.168.225.128的MySQL停掉
    keepalived会被脚本关闭，虚拟IP会漂移到192.168.225.129，再次访问会访问到192.168.225.129的数据库
//192.168.225.128
[root@hxdserver ~]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
[root@hxdserver ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128          *:22                       *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                       *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128         :::22                      :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100        ::1:25                      :::*
  • 192.168.225.130(test)
[root@test ~]# mysql -uroot -h192.168.225.250 -phxd123456!
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1555
Server version: 5.7.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hxd123             |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>
  • 将192.168.225.128的MySQL和keepalived手动开启，将192.168.225.129的keepalived手动关闭,虚拟IP又会漂移到原master
//192.168.225.128
[root@hxdserver ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@hxdserver ~]# systemctl start keepalived



//192.168.225.129
[root@bogon ~]# systemctl stop keepalived.service 




//192.168.225.128
[root@hxdserver ~]# ip a 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:4b:7c:b8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.225.128/24 brd 192.168.225.255 scope global dynamic ens33
       valid_lft 912sec preferred_lft 912sec
    inet 192.168.225.250/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4b:7cb8/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever



//192.168.225.130
[root@test ~]# mysql -uroot -h192.168.225.250 -phxd123456!
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 99
Server version: 5.7.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| dubai123           |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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　这篇文章下面要介绍如何通过LVS+Keepalived的方式来是实现MySQL的高可用性，同时解决以上问题。 　Keepalived和LVS介绍 　Keepalived是一个基于VRRP（虚拟路由冗余协议）可用来实现服务高可用性的软件方案，...
Mysql+Keepalived实现mysql数据库高可用
07-17
随着mysql在市场上的占有率不断提高，mysql数据库的安全也不容忽视。本文描述了keepalived与mysql配合是实现高可用，实现故障转移，负载均衡等。
Linux下基于keepalived的mysql高可用实现方案（HA）
11-12
### Linux下基于Keepalived的MySQL高可用实现方案（HA） #### 一、概述 在当前互联网业务场景中，为了保证服务的连续性和稳定性，采用高可用架构是必不可少的。MySQL作为主流的关系型数据库管理系统之一，在众多...
keepalived实现MYSQL双活高可用
09-24
【标题】: "keepalived实现MYSQL双活高可用" MySQL数据库系统是广泛应用于各种规模企业的核心组件，确保其稳定性和高可用性至关重要。而"keepalived"是一款开源工具，常用于构建高可用性（HA）解决方案，它可以监控...
Mysql 主-主双机热备和keepalived服务高可用配置
zhanghua0324的博客
12-19 632
Mysql 主-主双机热备和keepalived服务高可用配置
使用keepalived实现数据库的高可用高可靠以及搭建数据库主从配置
qq_44167916的博客
11-20 550
这里使用的是keepalived来实现服务器宕机后可快速切换从服务器，对用户而言，是透明的，无感知的 配置环境： 主节点(master)：192.168.78.10 从节点(slave)：192.168.78.20 虚拟IP：192.168.78.40 1，安装以及实现配置keepalived ​ master： ​ 安装keepalived: ​ [root@serverA keepalived]# tar -xvf keepalived-2.0.17.tar.gz //解压 ​ [r
连接虚拟机MySQL失败
weixin_56005963的博客
12-17 1195
ping ip地址如果有响应，则网络连接没有问题注：linux系统ip地址可由ip addr或ipconfig命令查看。
mycat-keepalived集群，通过虚拟端口访问mysql卡住解决
LZX的博客
03-19 560
问题描述： 同过keepalived虚拟端口访问数据库，会卡在输密码之后，然后断连。navicat出现连接超时，连接不上问题。集群通过VIP连接有时连上有时连不上情况。 ...
解决mysql数据库连接超时问题
xiaojie119120的博客
06-26 7530
前段时间部署在服务器上的网站遇到一个问题：当较长时间没有去访问网站，再次打开时就会报一个数据库连接失败的错误，不管是用ssh开发的项目还是ssm开发的项目，都有这个问题。本篇博客记录这个问题的原因与解决办法。 原因：由于无论是hibernate还是mybatis开发的都存在这个问题，所以一定不是框架的原因，应该是mysql数据库的问题，查询百度后发现：mysql数据库配置文件存在以下两个参数，是负责
超市管理系统，基于javaweb.zip
最新发布
08-15
项目工程资源经过严格测试可直接运行成功且功能正常的情况才上传，可轻松copy复刻，拿到资料包后可轻松复现出一样的项目，本人系统开发经验充足（全栈开发），有任何使用问题欢迎随时与我联系，我会及时为您解惑，提供帮助 【资源内容】：项目具体内容可查看/点击本页面下方的*资源详情*，包含完整源码+工程文件+说明（若有）等。【若无积分，此资源可私信获取】 【本人专注IT领域】：有任何使用问题欢迎随时与我联系，我会及时解答，第一时间为您提供帮助 【附带帮助】：若还需要相关开发工具、学习资料等，我会提供帮助，提供资料，鼓励学习进步 【适合场景】：相关项目设计中，皆可应用在项目开发、毕业设计、课程设计、期末/期中/大作业、工程实训、大创等学科竞赛比赛、初期项目立项、学习/练手等方面中 可借鉴此优质项目实现复刻，也可基于此项目来扩展开发出更多功能 #注 1. 本资源仅用于开源学习和技术交流。不可商用等，一切后果由使用者承担 2. 部分字体及插图等来自网络，若是侵权请联系删除，本人不对所涉及的版权问题或内容负法律责任。收取的费用仅用于收集和整理资料耗费时间的酬劳
Lvs+Keepalived+MySQL高可用方案解析与实战
"本文介绍了在MySQL高可用性场景下，如何利用Lvs+Keepalived实现单点写入、主主同步的高可用方案，并对比分析了该方案的优缺点。同时，提到了Lvs+Keepalived+Mysql单点写入读负载均衡的方案以及Heartbeat高可用Mysql...
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