Given a non-negative integer num represented as a string, remove k digits from the number so that the new number is the smallest possible.
Note:
- The length of num is less than 10002 and will be ≥ k.
- The given num does not contain any leading zero.
Example 1:
Input: num = "1432219", k = 3 Output: "1219" Explanation: Remove the three digits 4, 3, and 2 to form the new number 1219 which is the smallest.
Example 2:
Input: num = "10200", k = 1 Output: "200" Explanation: Remove the leading 1 and the number is 200. Note that the output must not contain leading zeroes.
Example 3:
Input: num = "10", k = 2 Output: "0" Explanation: Remove all the digits from the number and it is left with nothing which is 0.
解析:若k=num.length,则返回0。否则的话,利用贪心算法,从字符串中删除k个数字,则将留下num.length-k个数字。显然,留下的第一个数字肯定位于字符串的前k+1位,为了让新数字尽可能小,所以最高位要尽可能小,故选择第一次出现的最小的数字作为最高位,并从num中删去;同理,留下的第二个数字位于当前num中前k+1位...极端情况下算法时间复杂度为O(n^2)。代码如下:
class Solution {
public:
string removeKdigits(string num, int k) {
if(k == num.length()) return "0";
int p = 0, l=num.length()-k;
string ans;
for(int i=0; i<l; i++)
{
char min = num[p];
for(int j=p+1; j<=k; j++)
if(num[j] < min)
{
min = num[j];
p = j;
}
ans += num[p];
num.erase(p, 1);
}
while(ans.length() > 1 && ans[0] == '0') ans.erase(0, 1);
return ans;
}
};
不过呢,算法还可以适当优化,例如,由于p只增不减,所以当每次选择的的数字都位于第k位时,可以不需要继续搜索下去,直接将后面的子串copy即可,可以适当增大时间效率。代码略作修改:
class Solution {
public:
string removeKdigits(string num, int k) {
if(k == num.length()) return "0";
int p = 0, l=num.length()-k;
string ans;
for(int i=0; i<l; i++)
{
char min = num[p];
for(int j=p+1; j<=k; j++)
if(num[j] < min)
{
min = num[j];
p = j;
}
if(p == k)
{
ans += num.substr(p, num.length()-k);
break;
}
ans += num[p];
num.erase(p, 1);
}
while(ans.length() > 1 && ans[0] == '0') ans.erase(0, 1);
return ans;
}
};