Spring容器ApplicationContext的初始化

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前言

本文以Web项目中创建的Spring容器为切入点，记述WebApplicationContext的初始化过程。 Spring版本4.3.18.RELEASE。

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一、初始化入口

在基于Servlet+Spring的Web项目开发中，若未指定WebApplicationContext的实现类，将以XmlWebApplicationContext作为Spring容器的默认实现类。在Spring的ContextLoaderListener#contextInitialized或DispatcherServlet#init方法中，创建XmlWebApplicationContext实例后，都会调用#refresh方法来对Spring容器进行初始化。

抽象类AbstractApplicationContext#refresh方法，是Spring ApplicationContext的初始化入口。

二、#refresh方法简介

#refresh方法来org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext接口。

ConfigurableApplicationContext接口

ConfigurableApplicationContext接口对ApplicationContext接口进行了扩展，提供了更多的配置ApplicationContext的方法。

接口定义源码如下：

/**
 * SPI interface to be implemented by most if not all application contexts.
 * Provides facilities to configure an application context in addition
 * to the application context client methods in the
 * {@link org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext} interface.
 *
 * <p>Configuration and lifecycle methods are encapsulated here to avoid
 * making them obvious to ApplicationContext client code. The present
 * methods should only be used by startup and shutdown code.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Chris Beams
 * @since 03.11.2003
 */
public interface ConfigurableApplicationContext extends ApplicationContext, Lifecycle, Closeable {
   
...
}

#refresh方法
#refresh方法是ApplicationContext的启动方法，用于加载或刷新ApplicationContext配置。

#refresh源码如下：

	/**
	 * Load or refresh the persistent representation of the configuration,
	 * which might an XML file, properties file, or relational database schema.
	 * <p>As this is a startup method, it should destroy already created singletons
	 * if it fails, to avoid dangling resources. In other words, a