Spring Boot的“hello world”程序

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-27 21:43:50 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-04-27 21:43:50 发布

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分类专栏： spring boot 文章标签： spring boot maven

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/duke_ding2/article/details/106881627

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环境

操作系统：Ubuntu 20.04
开发工具：IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.2 (Community Edition)
JDK：

➜  ~ java -version
openjdk version "14.0.1" 2020-04-14
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 14.0.1+7-Ubuntu-1ubuntu1)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 14.0.1+7-Ubuntu-1ubuntu1, mixed mode, sharing)

Maven：

➜  ~ mvn -v
Apache Maven 3.6.3
Maven home: /usr/share/maven
Java version: 14.0.1, vendor: Private Build, runtime: /usr/lib/jvm/java-14-openjdk-amd64
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "5.4.0-37-generic", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"

配置

配置环境变量

修改 ~/.bashrc 文件，添加配置 JAVA_HOME和M2_HOME 变量如下：

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-14-openjdk-amd64
export M2_HOME=/usr/share/maven

保存退出，运行 . ~/.bashrc 使之生效。

如果配置了其它shell为默认shell，则需要修改相应的配置文件。比如我配置了zsh为默认shell，则需要修改 ~/.zshrc 文件，然后运行 . ~/.zshrc 使之生效。

注：可用 echo $SHELL 查看默认shell：

➜  ~ echo $SHELL
/usr/bin/zsh

注：可用 echo $0 查看当前shell：

➜  Downloads echo $0
/usr/bin/zsh

配置Maven镜像

打开 settings.xml （在本例中，其路径为 /usr/share/maven/conf/settings.xml ），在 <mirrors>......</mirrors> 之间添加aliyun的nexus server镜像：

......
    <mirror>
      <id>alimaven</id>
      <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
      <name>aliyun maven</name>
      <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
    </mirror>
......

将 settings.xml 复制到 ~/.m2/ 目录下：

➜  ~ cp /usr/share/maven/conf/settings.xml ~/.m2/

这是因为，按照惯例，前者是全局配置文件，而后者是当前用户的配置文件。本例中，接下来会在IntelliJ IDEA里面配置Maven settings file为当前用户的设置文件。

配置IntelliJ IDEA

配置Maven路径

File -> Settings… ，如下图所示：
在这里插入图片描述

安装Spring Assistant插件

File -> Settings… -> Plugins，点击“Marketplace”，搜索关键字“Spring”，找到“Spring Assistant”并安装，如下图所示：
在这里插入图片描述

编写代码

以上准备工作全部完毕，现在就可以开始编写代码了。

新建Project，选择“Spring Assistant”，如下图所示：
在这里插入图片描述
下一步，填写Project信息，如下图所示：

下一步，搜索“web”，并选中 Spring Web ，如下图所示：
最终生成的Project结构如下图所示：

这时Project里可能会有一些错误，这是因为缺少所需的依赖包。从右侧的Maven窗口，选择“compile”，下载所需的依赖包。
在这里插入图片描述
这时就可以运行程序了，打开 Demo0621Application.java ，点击绿色小箭头，并选择 Run ，如下图所示：

程序启动后，如下图所示：

可见，Tomcat在8080端口已经启动。测试一下8080端口的连通性：

➜  ~ nc -zv localhost 8080
Connection to localhost 8080 port [tcp/http-alt] succeeded!

但是由于目前还没有任何Controller，所以访问server会报404错误：

➜  ~ curl --silent --write-out '\n%{http_code}\n' -XGET "http://localhost:8080/" | jq .
{
  "timestamp": "2020-06-21T02:58:23.082+00:00",
  "status": 404,
  "error": "Not Found",
  "message": "",
  "path": "/"
}
404

现在我们来添加一个名为“hello”的Controller。

新建Java class “Test0621”，内容如下：

package com.example.demo0621;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class Test0621 {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        return "hello world!";
    }
}

如下图所示：
在这里插入图片描述
重新启动程序，现在就可以访问 /hello 了。

➜  ~ curl --silent --write-out '\n%{http_code}\n' -XGET "http://localhost:8080/hello"       
hello world!
200

程序的console输出如下：

/home/ding/.jdks/openjdk-14.0.1/bin/java -javaagent:/snap/intellij-idea-community/232/lib/idea_rt.jar=43913:/snap/intellij-idea-community/232/bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /home/ding/IdeaProjects/demo0621/target/classes:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-web/2.3.1.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-web-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter/2.3.1.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.3.1.RELEASE/spring-boot-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-autoconfigure/2.3.1.RELEASE/spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-logging/2.3.1.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-logging-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.2.3/logback-classic-1.2.3.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-core/1.2.3/logback-core-1.2.3.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-to-slf4j/2.13.3/log4j-to-slf4j-2.13.3.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-api/2.13.3/log4j-api-2.13.3.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/jul-to-slf4j/1.7.30/jul-to-slf4j-1.7.30.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/jakarta/annotation/jakarta.annotation-api/1.3.5/jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/yaml/snakeyaml/1.26/snakeyaml-1.26.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-json/2.3.1.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-json-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-databind/2.11.0/jackson-databind-2.11.0.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-annotations/2.11.0/jackson-annotations-2.11.0.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-core/2.11.0/jackson-core-2.11.0.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/datatype/jackson-datatype-jdk8/2.11.0/jackson-datatype-jdk8-2.11.0.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/datatype/jackson-datatype-jsr310/2.11.0/jackson-datatype-jsr310-2.11.0.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/module/jackson-module-parameter-names/2.11.0/jackson-module-parameter-names-2.11.0.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-tomcat/2.3.1.RELEASE/spring-boot-starter-tomcat-2.3.1.RELEASE.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/9.0.36/tomcat-embed-core-9.0.36.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/glassfish/jakarta.el/3.0.3/jakarta.el-3.0.3.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-websocket/9.0.36/tomcat-embed-websocket-9.0.36.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-web/5.2.7.RELEASE/spring-web-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-beans/5.2.7.RELEASE/spring-beans-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-webmvc/5.2.7.RELEASE/spring-webmvc-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-aop/5.2.7.RELEASE/spring-aop-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-context/5.2.7.RELEASE/spring-context-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-expression/5.2.7.RELEASE/spring-expression-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.30/slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-core/5.2.7.RELEASE/spring-core-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar:/home/ding/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-jcl/5.2.7.RELEASE/spring-jcl-5.2.7.RELEASE.jar com.example.demo0621.Demo0621Application

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.3.1.RELEASE)

2020-06-20 20:08:38.135  INFO 5499 --- [           main] c.example.demo0621.Demo0621Application   : Starting Demo0621Application on ubuntu with PID 5499 (/home/ding/IdeaProjects/demo0621/target/classes started by ding in /home/ding/IdeaProjects/demo0621)
2020-06-20 20:08:38.138  INFO 5499 --- [           main] c.example.demo0621.Demo0621Application   : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2020-06-20 20:08:39.707  INFO 5499 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2020-06-20 20:08:39.722  INFO 5499 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2020-06-20 20:08:39.723  INFO 5499 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.36]
2020-06-20 20:08:39.814  INFO 5499 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2020-06-20 20:08:39.814  INFO 5499 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1606 ms
2020-06-20 20:08:40.051  INFO 5499 --- [           main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2020-06-20 20:08:40.273  INFO 5499 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2020-06-20 20:08:40.286  INFO 5499 --- [           main] c.example.demo0621.Demo0621Application   : Started Demo0621Application in 2.968 seconds (JVM running for 4.244)
2020-06-20 20:09:03.378  INFO 5499 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2020-06-20 20:09:03.379  INFO 5499 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2020-06-20 20:09:03.387  INFO 5499 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Completed initialization in 8 ms

测试

在创建Project的时候，Spring Boot已经帮我们生成好了一个空的测试框架，其结构为： src -> test -> java -> com.example.demo0621 -> Demo0621ApplicationTests ，如下图所示：
在这里插入图片描述
pom.xml 里面也已经配置好了相关依赖。

此时虽然还没有写测试代码，但我们可以先运行一下maven的test，下载所需的依赖包：
在这里插入图片描述
在package com.example.demo0621 里面新建Java class Test0621Test ，内容如下：

package com.example.demo0621;

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class Test0621Test {
    @Test
    public void testHello(){
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        String result = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/hello", String.class);

        Assert.assertEquals("hello world!", result);

        System.out.println(result);
    }
}

如下图所示：
在这里插入图片描述测试逻辑非常简单，就是获取 /hello 的response，然后和 hello world! 做对比。

直接运行测试，会报错：
在这里插入图片描述这是因为server还没有启动，所以会报错：

org.springframework.web.client.ResourceAccessException: I/O error on GET request for "http://localhost:8080/hello": Connection refused; nested exception is java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused

把server启动起来，再次运行test，就会success：
在这里插入图片描述
如果想要通过maven的test来测试代码，可以直接把测试逻辑写在 Demo0621ApplicationTests.java 里面。

同样的，在测试之前，需要先把server启动起来，否则会测试失败。

测试过程和结果如下图所示：
在这里插入图片描述

打包

在项目开发完成之后，就可以打包发布。传统的web应用一般打包为war包。本例中已经内嵌了Tomcat容器，所以打包为jar包。

File -> Project Structure... -> Artifacts ，点击 + 按钮，选择 JAR -> From modules with dependencies... ：
在这里插入图片描述
在弹出的对话框中， Main Class 处，选择 Demo0621Application ，如下图所示：

Maven clean，然后 Maven package ，就会生成jar包。在console里面可以看到jar包的具体路径，本例中为 /home/ding/IdeaProjects/demo0621/target/demo0621-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar 。具体操作如下图所示：
在这里插入图片描述在该目录下，运行 java -jar demo0621-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar 就可以启动server（别忘了先停掉IntelliJ IDEA里面的server）：

➜  java -jar demo0621-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.3.1.RELEASE)

2020-06-20 23:33:38.473  INFO 8227 --- [           main] c.example.demo0621.Demo0621Application   : Starting Demo0621Application v0.0.1-SNAPSHOT on ubuntu with PID 8227 (/home/ding/IdeaProjects/demo0621/target/demo0621-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar started by ding in /home/ding/IdeaProjects/demo0621/target)
2020-06-20 23:33:38.477  INFO 8227 --- [           main] c.example.demo0621.Demo0621Application   : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2020-06-20 23:33:40.030  INFO 8227 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2020-06-20 23:33:40.048  INFO 8227 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2020-06-20 23:33:40.048  INFO 8227 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.36]
2020-06-20 23:33:40.155  INFO 8227 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2020-06-20 23:33:40.155  INFO 8227 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1592 ms
2020-06-20 23:33:40.466  INFO 8227 --- [           main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2020-06-20 23:33:40.759  INFO 8227 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2020-06-20 23:33:40.788  INFO 8227 --- [           main] c.example.demo0621.Demo0621Application   : Started Demo0621Application in 3.079 seconds (JVM running for 3.722)

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Spring Boot的“hello world”程序

环境操作系统：Ubuntu 20.04开发工具：IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.2 (Community Edition)JDK：➜ ~ java -versionopenjdk version "14.0.1" 2020-04-14OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 14.0.1+7-Ubuntu-1ubuntu1)OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 14.0.1+7-Ubuntu-1ubuntu1, mixed
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