黑马程序员——Objective C中数组排序几种情况的总结——黑马 ios 技术博客

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摘要  总结OC中数组排序3种方法:sortedArrayUsingSelector:;sortedArrayUsingComparator:;sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:

大体上,OC中常用的数组排序有以下几种方法:sortedArrayUsingSelector:;sortedArrayUsingComparator:;sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:

1、简单排序(sortedArrayUsingSelector:)

如果只是对字符串的排序,可以利用sortedArrayUsingSelector:方法就可以了,代码如下

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//简单排序
void sortArray1(){
     NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@ "abc" ,@ "456" ,@ "123" ,@ "789" ,@ "ef" , nil];
     NSArray *sortedArray = [array sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];
     NSLog(@ "排序后:%@" ,sortedArray);
}
当然,除了利用字符串自带的compare:方法,也可以自己写compare:方法,进行对象的比较;如下:

首先是新建了Person类,实现方法如下(头文件就省了):

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#import "Person.h"
@implementation Person
 
//直接实现静态方法,获取带有name和age的Person对象
+(Person *)personWithAge:( int ) age withName:(NSString *)name{
     Person *person = [[Person alloc] init];
     person.age = age;
     person.name = name;
     return person;
}
 
//自定义排序方法
-(NSComparisonResult)comparePerson:(Person *)person{
   //默认按年龄排序
     NSComparisonResult result = [[NSNumber numberWithInt:person.age] compare:[NSNumber numberWithInt:self.age]]; //注意:基本数据类型要进行数据转换
   //如果年龄一样,就按照名字排序
     if (result == NSOrderedSame) {
         result = [self.name compare:person.name];
     }
     return result;
}
 
@end
主函数代码如下:
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void sortArray2(){
     Person *p1 = [Person personWithAge:23 withName:@ "zhangsan" ];
     Person *p2 = [Person personWithAge:21 withName:@ "lisi" ];
     Person *p3 = [Person personWithAge:24 withName:@ "wangwu" ];
     Person *p4 = [Person personWithAge:24 withName:@ "liwu" ];
     Person *p5 = [Person personWithAge:20 withName:@ "liwu" ];
     NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:p1,p2,p3,p4,p5, nil];
     NSArray *sortedArray = [array sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(comparePerson:)];
     NSLog(@ "排序后:%@" ,sortedArray);
}
2、利用block语法(sortedArrayUsingComparator:

苹果官方提供了block语法,比较方便。其中数组排序可以用sortedArrayUsingComparator:方法,代码如下:

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void sortArray3(){
     NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@ "1bc" ,@ "4b6" ,@ "123" ,@ "789" ,@ "3ef" , nil];
     NSArray *sortedArray = [array sortedArrayUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(id obj1, id obj2) {
 
    //这里的代码可以参照上面compare:默认的排序方法,也可以把自定义的方法写在这里,给对象排序
         NSComparisonResult result = [obj1 compare:obj2];
         return result;
     }];
     NSLog(@ "排序后:%@" ,sortedArray);
}

3、高级排序(sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:)

如果是这样一种情况呢?Person类里有另外一个类的变量,比如说Person类除了name,age变量,还有一辆车Car类型,Car类里有个name属性。对Person对象进行排序,有这样的要求:按照Car的name排序,如果是同一辆车,也就是Car的name相同,那么再按照年龄进行排序,如果年龄也相同,最后按照Person的name进行排序。

上面这样就要使用第三种方法,利用排序描述器,不多说,有兴趣可以看看API介绍。代码如下:

首先写个Car类,实现类Car.m代码如下:

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#import "Car.h"
@implementation Car
 
+(Car *)initWithName:(NSString *)name{
     Car *car = [Car alloc] init];
     car.name = name;
     return car;
}
 
@end

然后改写Person类,实现类Person.m代码如下:

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#import "Person.h"
#import "Car.h"
@implementation Person
 
+(Person *)personWithAge:( int )age withName:(NSString *)name withCar:(Car *)car{
     Person *person = [[Person alloc] init];
     person.age = age;
     person.name = name;
     person.car = car;
     return person;
}
 
//这里重写description方法,用于最后测试排序结果显示
-(NSString *)description{
     return [NSString stringWithFormat:@ "age is %zi , name is %@, car is %@" ,_age,_name,_car.name];
}
 
@end
主函数代码如下:
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void sortArray4(){
         //首先来3辆车,分别是奥迪、劳斯莱斯、宝马
         Car *car1 = [Car initWithName:@ "Audio" ];
         Car *car2 = [Car initWithName:@ "Rolls-Royce" ];
         Car *car3 = [Car initWithName:@ "BMW" ];
         
         //再来5个Person,每人送辆车,分别为car2、car1、car1、car3、car2
         Person *p1 = [Person personWithAge:23 withName:@ "zhangsan" withCar:car2];
         Person *p2 = [Person personWithAge:21 withName:@ "zhangsan" withCar:car1];
         Person *p3 = [Person personWithAge:24 withName:@ "lisi" withCar:car1];
         Person *p4 = [Person personWithAge:23 withName:@ "wangwu" withCar:car3];
         Person *p5 = [Person personWithAge:23 withName:@ "wangwu" withCar:car2];
 
     
         //加入数组
         NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:p1,p2,p3,p4,p5, nil];
         
         //构建排序描述器
         NSSortDescriptor *carNameDesc = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@ "car.name" ascending:YES];
         NSSortDescriptor *personNameDesc = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@ "name" ascending:YES];
         NSSortDescriptor *personAgeDesc = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@ "age" ascending:YES];
         
         //把排序描述器放进数组里,放入的顺序就是你想要排序的顺序
         //我这里是:首先按照年龄排序,然后是车的名字,最后是按照人的名字
         NSArray *descriptorArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:personAgeDesc,carNameDesc,personNameDesc, nil];
         
         NSArray *sortedArray = [array sortedArrayUsingDescriptors: descriptorArray];
         NSLog(@ "%@" ,sortedArray);
}
结果如下:

从结果看出,先按照age排序,如果age相同,按照car排序,如果car相同,按照name排序。

(注意:上面两种排序方法要想实现字符串显示,请重写description方法)


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