1、使用
/**
* 页面A
*/
// 注册EventBus
EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN)
public void callBack(String s) {
// 事件处理
}
// 注销EventBus
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
}
/**
* 页面B
*/
// 发送事件
EventBus.getDefault().post("ABC");
2、源码阅读
2.1 EventBus.getDefault();
/**
* EventBus类
*/
// 单例创建EventBus，保证全局对象唯一
public static EventBus getDefault() {
EventBus instance = defaultInstance;
if (instance == null) {
synchronized (EventBus.class) {
instance = EventBus.defaultInstance;
if (instance == null) {
instance = EventBus.defaultInstance = new EventBus();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
// EventBus无参构造方法
public EventBus() {
// private static final EventBusBuilder DEFAULT_BUILDER = new EventBusBuilder();
this(DEFAULT_BUILDER);
}
// 通过Builder初始化EventBus的一些配置，配置解耦
EventBus(EventBusBuilder builder) {
logger = builder.getLogger();
// private final Map<Class<?>, CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription>> subscriptionsByEventType;
// key是事件的class字节码对象，value存储着所有订阅了该事件的集合
subscriptionsByEventType = new HashMap<>();
// private final Map<Object, List<Class<?>>> typesBySubscriber;
// key是订阅者对象，即register时传进来的this，value是事件的class字节码对象的集合
// 假设某个Activity里注册了四个事件方法，那么这个HashMap最终存储的key就是这个Activity对象，而Value就是四个参数事件的集合
typesBySubscriber = new HashMap<>();
// 保存粘性事件
stickyEvents = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
mainThreadSupport = builder.getMainThreadSupport();
// 主线程发送器
mainThreadPoster = mainThreadSupport != null ? mainThreadSupport.createPoster(this) : null;
// background发送器
backgroundPoster = new BackgroundPoster(this);
// async异步发送器
asyncPoster = new AsyncPoster(this);
indexCount = builder.subscriberInfoIndexes != null ? builder.subscriberInfoIndexes.size() : 0;
// 创建一个SubscriberMethodFinder对象
subscriberMethodFinder = new SubscriberMethodFinder(builder.subscriberInfoIndexes,
builder.strictMethodVerification, builder.ignoreGeneratedIndex);
logSubscriberExceptions = builder.logSubscriberExceptions;
logNoSubscriberMessages = builder.logNoSubscriberMessages;
sendSubscriberExceptionEvent = builder.sendSubscriberExceptionEvent;
sendNoSubscriberEvent = builder.sendNoSubscriberEvent;
throwSubscriberException = builder.throwSubscriberException;
eventInheritance = builder.eventInheritance;
executorService = builder.executorService;
}
2.2 register(this);
/**
* EventBus类
*/
public void register(Object subscriber) {
// 获取this的字节码对象
Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
// 请看（1）
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
synchronized (this) {
// 遍历当前页面找到的所有方法
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
// 请看（2）
subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
}
}
}
/**
* （1）SubscriberMethodFinder类
*/
// 该方法的最终目的就是找出当前这个页面所有的注解方法
List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
// 先从缓存中查找
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass);
if (subscriberMethods != null) {
// 缓存中有，则直接返回
return subscriberMethods;
}
// 是否忽略注解器生成的MyEventBusIndex类，如没有通过Builder中设置该参数，默认是false
if (ignoreGeneratedIndex) {
// 强制使用反射的模式找出这些注解的方法
// 这个方法最终也是调用（6）
subscriberMethods = findUsingReflection(subscriberClass);
} else {
// 请看（3）
subscriberMethods = findUsingInfo(subscriberClass);
}
if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass
+ " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation");
} else {
// 加入缓存中
METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass, subscriberMethods);
return subscriberMethods;
}
}
// （3）
// subscriberClass = 外部传进来的this.getClass()
// 该方法会根据条件判断，有两种模式选择
// 如果没有设置subscriberInfoIndexes，最终还是走强制使用反射的找出所有方法的那个模式
// 如果设置了subscriberInfoIndexes，那么就很简单了，就去获取该方法里设置的信息
private List<SubscriberMethod> findUsingInfo(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
// 简单点理解，就是初始化FindState，请看（4）
FindState findState = prepareFindState();
// 这个方法仅仅做了一些初始化操作
// this.subscriberClass = clazz = subscriberClass;
// skipSuperClasses = false
// subscriberInfo = null
findState.initForSubscriber(subscriberClass);
while (findState.clazz != null) {
// 请看（5）
findState.subscriberInfo = getSubscriberInfo(findState);
if (findState.subscriberInfo != null) {
// 外部设置了SubscriberInfoIndex，获取到外部的subscriberInfo
SubscriberMethod[] array = findState.subscriberInfo.getSubscriberMethods();
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : array) {
// 最终和findUsingReflectionInSingleClass一样，添加到findState的List里
if (findState.checkAdd(subscriberMethod.method, subscriberMethod.eventType)) {
findState.subscriberMethods.add(subscriberMethod);
}
}
} else {
// 如果外部没有设置SubscriberInfoIndex，最终还是走强制使用反射找出所有的方法模式
// 请看（6）
findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
}
findState.moveToSuperclass();
}
return getMethodsAndRelease(findState);
}
// （4）
// 实际就是从4个元素的池子中找出复用，没有就创建
private FindState prepareFindState() {
synchronized (FIND_STATE_POOL) {
for (int i = 0; i < POOL_SIZE; i++) {
FindState state = FIND_STATE_POOL[i];
if (state != null) {
FIND_STATE_POOL[i] = null;
return state;
}
}
}
return new FindState();
}
// （5）
// 这个方法的结论是，如果外部没有设置SubscriberInfoIndex，那么这个方法就会返回null
private SubscriberInfo getSubscriberInfo(FindState findState) {
// 上面subscriberInfo = null，所以下面的判断进不去
if (findState.subscriberInfo != null && findState.subscriberInfo.getSuperSubscriberInfo() != null) {
SubscriberInfo superclassInfo = findState.subscriberInfo.getSuperSubscriberInfo();
if (findState.clazz == superclassInfo.getSubscriberClass()) {
return superclassInfo;
}
}
// 这个SubscriberInfoIndex就是我前面在（3）地方提到的，需要通过Builder进行设置，如果没有设置，那么下面的方法也进不来
if (subscriberInfoIndexes != null) {
// 如果设置了，那么通过外部设置的SubscriberInfoIndex设置的SubscriberInfo ，获取SubscriberInfo
// 这个等下再说。
for (SubscriberInfoIndex index : subscriberInfoIndexes) {
SubscriberInfo info = index.getSubscriberInfo(findState.clazz);
if (info != null) {
return info;
}
}
}
return null;
}
// （6）
// 反射找出当前注册所在页面的所有注解方法
private void findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(FindState findState) {
Method[] methods;
try {
// This is faster than getMethods, especially when subscribers are fat classes like Activities
methods = findState.clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
} catch (Throwable th) {
// 省略
}
for (Method method : methods) {
int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
// 必须是public修饰权限
if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
// 必须只有一个参数
if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {
// 必须带Subscribe注解
Subscribe subscribeAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Subscribe.class);
if (subscribeAnnotation != null) {
Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
if (findState.checkAdd(method, eventType)) {
ThreadMode threadMode = subscribeAnnotation.threadMode();
// 最终创建一个SubscriberMethod对象，把当前这个method，参数的字节码对象，线程模式，
// 优先级，是否粘性封住到这个对象。添加到findState的List里。
findState.subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, eventType, threadMode,
subscribeAnnotation.priority(), subscribeAnnotation.sticky()));
}
}
} else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
throw new EventBusException("@Subscribe method " + methodName +
"must have exactly 1 parameter but has " + parameterTypes.length);
}
} else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
throw new EventBusException(methodName +
" is a illegal @Subscribe method: must be public, non-static, and non-abstract");
}
}
}
接着我们来说一下，通过外部设置SubscriberInfoIndex的情况。
1、首先我们可以自定义SubscriberInfoIndex
public class EventBusIndexTest {
public void testManualIndexWithoutAnnotation() {
SubscriberInfoIndex index = new SubscriberInfoIndex() {
@Override
public SubscriberInfo getSubscriberInfo(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
SubscriberMethodInfo[] methodInfos = {
new SubscriberMethodInfo("someMethodWithoutAnnotation", String.class)
};
return new SimpleSubscriberInfo(EventBusIndexTest.class, false, methodInfos);
}
};
// 设置SubscriberInfoIndex
EventBus eventBus = EventBus.builder().addIndex(index).build();
eventBus.register(this);
eventBus.post("Yepp");
eventBus.unregister(this);
}
public void someMethodWithoutAnnotation(String value) {
// 事件回调及处理
}
}
2、3.0版本中，EventBus提供了一个EventBusAnnotationProcessor注解处理器来在编译期通过读取@Subscribe()注解并解析，处理其中所包含的信息，然后自动生成java类来保存所有订阅者关于订阅的信息,这样就比在运行时使用反射来获得这些订阅者的信息速度要快。本质上和上面我们自定义的没什么不同，仅仅下面这个代码通过注解处理器自动生成的而已。
/**
* This class is generated by EventBus, do not edit.
*/
public class MyEventBusIndex implements SubscriberInfoIndex {
private static final Map<Class<?>, SubscriberInfo> SUBSCRIBER_INDEX;
static {
SUBSCRIBER_INDEX = new HashMap<Class<?>, SubscriberInfo>();
putIndex(new SimpleSubscriberInfo(org.greenrobot.eventbusperf.testsubject.PerfTestEventBus.SubscriberClassEventBusAsync.class,
true, new SubscriberMethodInfo[]{
new SubscriberMethodInfo("onEventAsync", TestEvent.class, ThreadMode.ASYNC),
}));
putIndex(new SimpleSubscriberInfo(TestRunnerActivity.class, true, new SubscriberMethodInfo[]{
new SubscriberMethodInfo("onEventMainThread", TestFinishedEvent.class, ThreadMode.MAIN),
}));
}
private static void putIndex(SubscriberInfo info) {
SUBSCRIBER_INDEX.put(info.getSubscriberClass(), info);
}
@Override
public SubscriberInfo getSubscriberInfo(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
SubscriberInfo info = SUBSCRIBER_INDEX.get(subscriberClass);
if (info != null) {
return info;
} else {
return null;
}
}
}
接着，我们回头分析（2）
/**
* EventBus类
*/
private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
// 获取该方法的参数的字节码对象，比如String.class
Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
// 从HashMap获取String.class对应的Subscription对象集合
CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
if (subscriptions == null) {
subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
} else {
if (subscriptions.contains(newSubscription)) {
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
+ eventType);
}
}
// 根据优先级，添加到CopyOnWriteArrayList里
int size = subscriptions.size();
for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
if (i == size || subscriberMethod.priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod.priority) {
subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
break;
}
}
// 把传进来的this.getClass和参数String.class添加到subscribedEvents成员变量里
List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
if (subscribedEvents == null) {
subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<>();
typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
}
subscribedEvents.add(eventType);
// 是否是粘性事件
if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
// eventInheritance默认是false
if (eventInheritance) {
// Existing sticky events of all subclasses of eventType have to be considered.
// Note: Iterating over all events may be inefficient with lots of sticky events,
// thus data structure should be changed to allow a more efficient lookup
// (e.g. an additional map storing sub classes of super classes: Class -> List<Class>).
Set<Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> entry : entries) {
Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
} else {
// 从stickyEvents集合里拿出事件，如果有该事件，立即分发sticky事件
Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
}
至此，EventBus注册流程已分析完毕。接着我们看看是怎么post事件的？
2.3 EventBus.getDefault(this).post(“ABC”);
/**
* EventBus类
*/
public void post(Object event) {
// 获取当前线程保存的PostingThreadState对象
PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
// 把发送的事件添加到List里
eventQueue.add(event);
// 状态判断
if (!postingState.isPosting) {
postingState.isMainThread = isMainThread();
postingState.isPosting = true;
if (postingState.canceled) {
throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
}
try {
while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
// 循环发送事件，请看（8）
postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
}
} finally {
postingState.isPosting = false;
postingState.isMainThread = false;
}
}
}
// （8）
private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
Class<?> eventClass = event.getClass(); // String.class
boolean subscriptionFound = false;
// eventInheritance默认false
if (eventInheritance) {
List<Class<?>> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass);
int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {
Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, clazz);
}
} else {
// （9）
subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, eventClass);
}
if (!subscriptionFound) {
if (logNoSubscriberMessages) {
logger.log(Level.FINE, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
}
if (sendNoSubscriberEvent && eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class &&
eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
}
}
}
// （9）
// 参数1，事件，比如"ABC"
// 参数2，当前线程的postingState对象
// 参数3，事件的字节码对象，比如String.class
private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass) {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
synchronized (this) {
// 获取参数是String.class的所有注解方法
subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventClass);
}
if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
// 遍历所有参数是String.class的注解方法
for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
postingState.event = event;
postingState.subscription = subscription;
boolean aborted;
try {
// 请看（10）根据线程发送事件
postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
aborted = postingState.canceled;
} finally {
postingState.event = null;
postingState.subscription = null;
postingState.canceled = false;
}
if (aborted) {
break;
}
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
// （10）
// 参数3，当前运行的线程是否是主线程
// 就以Main分析，其他的一样道理。
private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
case POSTING:
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
break;
case MAIN:
// 事件处理方法要求再主线程Main中执行
if (isMainThread) {
// 当前运行的就是主线程，所以直接反射调用事件处理方法即可。
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
} else {
// 当前运行线程非主线，那么就需要切换到主线程Looper再反射调用事件处理方法
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
}
break;
case MAIN_ORDERED:
if (mainThreadPoster != null) {
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
} else {
// temporary: technically not correct as poster not decoupled from subscriber
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
}
break;
case BACKGROUND:
if (isMainThread) {
backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
} else {
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
}
break;
case ASYNC:
asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
}
}
// 反射调用事件处理方法
void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
try {
subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscription.subscriber, event);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
handleSubscriberException(subscription, event, e.getCause());
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected exception", e);
}
}
3、总结
业内对EventBus的主要争论点是在于EventBus使用反射会出现性能问题。实际上在EventBus里我们可以看到不仅可以使用注解处理器预处理获取订阅信息，EventBus也会将订阅者的方法缓存到METHOD_CACHE里避免重复查找，所以只有在最后invoke()方法的时候会比直接调用多出一些性能损耗，但是这些对于我们移动端来说是完全可以忽略的。所以盲目的说因为性能问题而觉得EventBus不值得使用显然是不负责任的。
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