磁盘的格式化、手动挂载、自动挂载、卸载-CSDN博客

磁盘分区命名规则

Linux万物皆文件，硬盘自然是映射在/dev/目录下面

SCSI硬盘 sdx~：
- sd是设备类型，指代SCSI硬盘
- x为盘符号，常见值为：a,b,c
- ~代表分区

系统是如何如何识别到sdx呢？举个例子：系统上有两块硬盘、一块U盘，前者插在SATA1和SATA2,后者插在USB接口上，三者磁盘顺序是什么呢？

SATA1上的：/dev/sda
SATA2上的：/dev/sdb
USB（开机后才能被系统识别）：/dev/sdc

磁盘的格式化、手动挂载、自动挂载、卸载

ext2具有极快的速度和极小的CPU占用率，可用于硬盘和移动存储设备
ext3增加日志功能，可回溯追踪
ext4日志式文件系统，支持1EB（10241024TB），最大单文件16TB，支持连续写入可减少文件碎片。rhel6默认文件系统
xfs可以管理500T的硬盘。rhel7默认文件系统
brtfs文件系统针对固态盘做优化；

cd /
#新建file文件夹
mkdir file

#查看挂载情况

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME               MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda                  8:0    0  100G  0 disk
sdb                  8:16   0  100G  0 disk
├─sdb1               8:17   0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sdb2               8:18   0   99G  0 part
  ├─openeuler-root 253:0    0 61.2G  0 lvm  /
  ├─openeuler-swap 253:1    0  7.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─openeuler-home 253:2    0 29.9G  0 lvm  /home
sr0                 11:0    1 17.1G  0 rom

磁盘格式化：

#格式化sda磁盘

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda
mke2fs 1.46.4 (18-Aug-2021)
Creating filesystem with 26214400 4k blocks and 6553600 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 1fdc7fc9-c251-40e5-985a-0f78e00d69fd
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (131072 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

手动挂载:

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sda /file/

#查看挂载情况

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME               MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda                  8:0    0  100G  0 disk /file
sdb                  8:16   0  100G  0 disk
├─sdb1               8:17   0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sdb2               8:18   0   99G  0 part
  ├─openeuler-root 253:0    0 61.2G  0 lvm  /
  ├─openeuler-swap 253:1    0  7.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─openeuler-home 253:2    0 29.9G  0 lvm  /home
sr0                 11:0    1 17.1G  0 rom

磁盘卸载：

#使用umount卸载分区时，可以指定挂载点或者挂载路径

[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sda
#等价于
[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sda

#卸载挂载后

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME               MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda                  8:0    0  100G  0 disk
sdb                  8:16   0  100G  0 disk
├─sdb1               8:17   0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sdb2               8:18   0   99G  0 part
  ├─openeuler-root 253:0    0 61.2G  0 lvm  /
  ├─openeuler-swap 253:1    0  7.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─openeuler-home 253:2    0 29.9G  0 lvm  /home
sr0                 11:0    1 17.1G  0 rom

自动磁盘挂载：

获取sda的UUID

[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sda
/dev/sda: UUID="1fdc7fc9-c251-40e5-985a-0f78e00d69fd" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"

编辑/etc/fstab文件，实现自动挂载

[root@localhost ~]#vim /etc/fstab

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon May 26 04:56:02 2025
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
/dev/mapper/openeuler-root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=514b0538-66f8-4e5f-bf2d-f04917a53286 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/openeuler-home /home                   ext4    defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/openeuler-swap none                    swap    defaults        0 0
#添加sda（推荐）
UUID="1fdc7fc9-c251-40e5-985a-0f78e00d69fd" /file  ext4    defaults        0 0
#方式二（不推荐）
/dev/sda /file ext4 defaults 0 0 
~
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

磁盘二合一，并挂载在同一目录下实现扩容

查看挂载情况

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME               MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda                  8:0    0  100G  0 disk
├─sda1               8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2               8:2    0   99G  0 part
  ├─openeuler-root 253:0    0 61.2G  0 lvm  /
  ├─openeuler-swap 253:1    0  7.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─openeuler-home 253:2    0 29.9G  0 lvm  /home
sdb                  8:16   0  100G  0 disk /file
sr0                 11:0    1 17.1G  0 rom

需要先卸载挂载

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb
  Can't open /dev/sdb exclusively.  Mounted filesystem?
  Can't open /dev/sdb exclusively.  Mounted filesystem?
[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sdb

先将sdb磁盘转换为物理卷

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sdb at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sdb.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.

使用vgs查看所有卷组名称

[root@localhost ~]# vgs
  VG        #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree
  openeuler   1   3   0 wz--n- <99.00g    0

将新物理卷加入到现有的卷组中

[root@localhost ~]# vgextend openeuler /dev/sdb
  Volume group "openeuler" successfully extended

使用sda的所有空间

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/openeuler/root
  Size of logical volume openeuler/root changed from <61.24 GiB (15677 extents) to 161.23 GiB (41276 extents).
  Logical volume openeuler/root successfully resized.

查看挂载情况

[root@localhost ~] lsblk
NAME               MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda                  8:0    0   100G  0 disk
├─sda1               8:1    0     1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2               8:2    0    99G  0 part
  ├─openeuler-root 253:0    0 161.2G  0 lvm  /
  ├─openeuler-swap 253:1    0   7.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─openeuler-home 253:2    0  29.9G  0 lvm  /home
sdb                  8:16   0   100G  0 disk
└─openeuler-root   253:0    0 161.2G  0 lvm  /
sr0                 11:0    1  17.1G  0 rom