磁盘分区命名规则
Linux万物皆文件,硬盘自然是映射在/dev/目录下面
-
SCSI硬盘 sdx~:
- sd是设备类型,指代SCSI硬盘
- x为盘符号,常见值为:a,b,c
- ~代表分区
系统是如何如何识别到sdx呢?举个例子:系统上有两块硬盘、一块U盘,前者插在SATA1和SATA2,后者插在USB接口上,三者磁盘顺序是什么呢?
- SATA1上的:/dev/sda
- SATA2上的:/dev/sdb
- USB(开机后才能被系统识别):/dev/sdc
磁盘的格式化、手动挂载、自动挂载、卸载
- ext2具有极快的速度和极小的CPU占用率,可用于硬盘和移动存储设备
- ext3增加日志功能,可回溯追踪
- ext4日志式文件系统,支持1EB(10241024TB),最大单文件16TB,支持连续写入可减少文件碎片。rhel6默认文件系统
- xfs可以管理500T的硬盘。rhel7默认文件系统
- brtfs文件系统针对固态盘做优化;
#在根目录下新建一个file目录
cd /
#新建file文件夹
mkdir file
#查看挂载情况
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 99G 0 part
├─openeuler-root 253:0 0 61.2G 0 lvm /
├─openeuler-swap 253:1 0 7.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─openeuler-home 253:2 0 29.9G 0 lvm /home
sr0 11:0 1 17.1G 0 rom
磁盘格式化:
#格式化sda磁盘
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda
mke2fs 1.46.4 (18-Aug-2021)
Creating filesystem with 26214400 4k blocks and 6553600 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 1fdc7fc9-c251-40e5-985a-0f78e00d69fd
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (131072 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
手动挂载:
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sda /file/
#查看挂载情况
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk /file
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 99G 0 part
├─openeuler-root 253:0 0 61.2G 0 lvm /
├─openeuler-swap 253:1 0 7.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─openeuler-home 253:2 0 29.9G 0 lvm /home
sr0 11:0 1 17.1G 0 rom
磁盘卸载:
#使用umount卸载分区时,可以指定挂载点或者挂载路径
[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sda
#等价于
[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sda
#卸载挂载后
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 99G 0 part
├─openeuler-root 253:0 0 61.2G 0 lvm /
├─openeuler-swap 253:1 0 7.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─openeuler-home 253:2 0 29.9G 0 lvm /home
sr0 11:0 1 17.1G 0 rom
自动磁盘挂载:
获取sda的UUID
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/sda
/dev/sda: UUID="1fdc7fc9-c251-40e5-985a-0f78e00d69fd" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"
编辑/etc/fstab文件,实现自动挂载
[root@localhost ~]#vim /etc/fstab
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon May 26 04:56:02 2025
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
/dev/mapper/openeuler-root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=514b0538-66f8-4e5f-bf2d-f04917a53286 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/openeuler-home /home ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/openeuler-swap none swap defaults 0 0
#添加sda(推荐)
UUID="1fdc7fc9-c251-40e5-985a-0f78e00d69fd" /file ext4 defaults 0 0
#方式二(不推荐)
/dev/sda /file ext4 defaults 0 0
~
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
磁盘二合一,并挂载在同一目录下实现扩容
查看挂载情况
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 99G 0 part
├─openeuler-root 253:0 0 61.2G 0 lvm /
├─openeuler-swap 253:1 0 7.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─openeuler-home 253:2 0 29.9G 0 lvm /home
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk /file
sr0 11:0 1 17.1G 0 rom
需要先卸载挂载
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb
Can't open /dev/sdb exclusively. Mounted filesystem?
Can't open /dev/sdb exclusively. Mounted filesystem?
[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sdb
先将sdb磁盘转换为物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sdb at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sdb.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
使用vgs查看所有卷组名称
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
openeuler 1 3 0 wz--n- <99.00g 0
将新物理卷加入到现有的卷组中
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend openeuler /dev/sdb
Volume group "openeuler" successfully extended
使用sda的所有空间
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/openeuler/root
Size of logical volume openeuler/root changed from <61.24 GiB (15677 extents) to 161.23 GiB (41276 extents).
Logical volume openeuler/root successfully resized.
查看挂载情况
[root@localhost ~] lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 99G 0 part
├─openeuler-root 253:0 0 161.2G 0 lvm /
├─openeuler-swap 253:1 0 7.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─openeuler-home 253:2 0 29.9G 0 lvm /home
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
└─openeuler-root 253:0 0 161.2G 0 lvm /
sr0 11:0 1 17.1G 0 rom