一、分析需求，得到表之间的关联
说明：创建数据库之前应该有一个需求分析的过程，这个过程主要是依据需求方的需求文档，进行分析，需要什么功能，实现这些功能需要哪些表，表与表之间的关联如何，以及实现一些功能时需要用到哪些技术，都需要在这个步骤分析清楚。
二、依据表的分析，创建数据库，表
1、创建基类base_model
在项目目录下创建python文件夹db—>创建python文件base_model.py——>创建基类，代码如下：
from django.db import models
class BaseModel(models.Model):
"""
创建一个数据库的基类，
"""
create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
modify_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='修改时间')
is_delete = models.BooleanField(default=True, verbose_name='删除标记')
class Meta:
abstract = True # 说明这是一个抽象类的模型。
2、user应用下创建User表，直接继承django自导的abstractUser类。
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from db.base_model import BaseModel
from django.db import models
class User(AbstractUser, BaseModel):
"""
这里是直接使用django自带的user类
"""
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_user'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name = '用户'
class AddressManager(models.Manager):
'''地址模型管理器类'''
# 1.改变原有查询的结果集:all()
# 2.封装方法:用户操作模型类对应的数据表(增删改查)
def get_default_address(self, user):
'''获取用户默认收货地址'''
# self.model:获取self对象所在的模型类
try:
address = self.get(user=user, is_default=True) # models.Manager
except self.model.DoesNotExist:
# 不存在默认收货地址
address = None
return address
class Address(BaseModel):
'''地址模型类'''
user = models.ForeignKey('User', verbose_name='所属账户', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
receiver = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='收件人')
addr = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='收件地址')
zip_code = models.CharField(max_length=6, null=True, verbose_name='邮政编码')
phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name='联系电话')
is_default = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name='是否默认')
# 自定义一个模型管理器对象
objects = AddressManager()
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_address'
verbose_name = '地址'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
3、order应用下创建订单信息表，订单商品表，继承Basemodel，·
from db.base_model import BaseModel
from django.db import models
# 这个是订单相关的表：订单信息表，订单的商品表
class OrderInfo(BaseModel):
"""
订单信息表
"""
PAY_METHODS_CHOICE = ((1, '货到付款'),
(2, '微信支付'),
(3, '支付宝'),
(4, '银联支付'))
ORDER_STATUS_CHOICE = ((1, '待支付'),
(2, '待发货'),
(3, '待收货'),
(4, '待评价'),
(5, '已完成'))
order_id = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True, verbose_name='订单id')
address = models.ForeignKey('user.Address', on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='地址id')
user = models.ForeignKey('user.User', on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='用户id')
pay_method = models.CharField(max_length=32, choices=PAY_METHODS_CHOICE, default=1, verbose_name='支付方式')
total_count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='总的数目')
total_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=128, decimal_places=0,
verbose_name='总的金额') # max_digits:数字允许的最大位数；decimal_places:小数的最大位数
trans_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=128, decimal_places=0, verbose_name='运费')
order_status = models.CharField(max_length=32, choices=ORDER_STATUS_CHOICE, default=1, verbose_name='订单状态')
trade_no = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='支付编号')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_order_info'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name = '订单'
class OrderGoods(BaseModel):
order = models.ForeignKey('OrderInfo', verbose_name='订单', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
sku = models.ForeignKey('goods.GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品SKU', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
count = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品数目')
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=12, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品价格')
comment = models.CharField(max_length=256, default='', verbose_name='评论')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_order_goods'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name = '订单商品'
4、goods应用下创建商品类型表，商品SKU表，商品SPU表，商品图片表，首页轮播商品表，首页分类商品展示表，首页促销活动表，继承Basemodel数据库基类。
from django.db import models
from tinymce.models import HTMLField
from db.base_model import BaseModel
class GoodsType(BaseModel):
"""商品模型类"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='种类名称')
logo = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='标识')
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='type', verbose_name='商品类型图片')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_goods_type'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name = '商品种类'
class GoodsSKU(BaseModel):
"""商品SKU表"""
STATUS_CHOICE = ((0, '下线'), (1, '上线'))
type = models.ForeignKey('GoodsType', verbose_name='商品种类',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
goods = models.ForeignKey('Goods', verbose_name='商品名称',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='商品名称')
desc = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='商品简介')
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=32,decimal_places=0, verbose_name='商品价格')
unite = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='商品单位')
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='goods', verbose_name='商品图片')
stock = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='商品库存')
sales = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='商品销量')
status = models.CharField(max_length=32,default=1, choices=STATUS_CHOICE, verbose_name='商品状态')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_goods_sku'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name = '商品'
class Goods(BaseModel):
"""商品SPU模型"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=56, verbose_name='商品名称')
detail = HTMLField(blank=True, verbose_name='商品详情')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_goods'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name = '商品SKU'
class GoodsImage(BaseModel):
"""商品图片"""
sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='goods', verbose_name='图片路径')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_goods_image'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name = '商品图片'
class IndexGoodsBanner(BaseModel):
"""首页轮播商品展示"""
sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name='图片')
index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展示顺序')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_index_banner'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name = '首页轮播商品'
class IndexTypeGoodsBanner(BaseModel):
"""首页分类商品展示模型"""
DISPLAY_TYPE_CHOICE = ((0, '标题'), (1, '图片'))
type = models.ForeignKey('GoodsType', verbose_name='商品类型',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品SKU',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
display_type = models.CharField(max_length=56,default=1, choices=DISPLAY_TYPE_CHOICE, verbose_name='展示类型')
index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展示顺序') # 1,2,3,4
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_index_type_goods'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name = '主页分类展示商品'
class IndexPromotionBanner(BaseModel):
"""首页促销活动模型"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='活动名称')
url = models.URLField(max_length=256, verbose_name='活动链接')
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name='活动图片')
index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展示顺序')
class Meta:
db_table = 'df_index_promotion'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name = '主页促销活动'
5、cart 应用下，无需创建模型
自此，模型来创建完成
三、 数据库迁移
*说明：*这里使用的数据库是sqllite，所以就直接迁移就好，
我运用的事django自带的认证系统，所以在setting.py 配置文件中要加入
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'user.User'
1、生成模型：python manage.py make migrations
2、迁移指令：python manage.py migrate
迁移成功
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