日常记不住的docker命令,借地存命令!!!
1、帮助命令
docker version # 显示docker版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器信息
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令
2、镜像的基本命令
- docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 c20987f18b13 16 months ago 448MB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像id
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
# 可选项
-a, --all # 列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet # 显示镜像的id
- docker search <搜索镜像>
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 14115 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 5389 [OK]
# 可选项,通过搜索来过滤
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 14115 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 5389 [OK]
- docker pull <镜像名称> [:tag]下载镜像
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag,默认最新版本
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists
93619dbc5b36: Already exists
99da31dd6142: Already exists
626033c43d70: Already exists
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists
ac563158d721: Already exists
d2ba16033dad: Already exists
688ba7d5c01a: Already exists
00e060b6d11d: Already exists
1c04857f594f: Already exists
4d7cfa90e6ea: Already exists
e0431212d27d: Already exists
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 # 防伪标签
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
- docker rmi -f 镜像id | 镜像名称 删除镜像
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker rmi -f 3218b38490ce # 删除指定镜像
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
Deleted: sha256:3218b38490cec8d31976a40b92e09d61377359eab878db49f025e5d464367f3b
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 递归删除所有镜像
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Deleted: sha256:c20987f18b130f9d144c9828df630417e2a9523148930dc3963e9d0dab302a76
3、容器的基本命令
- docker run [可选参数] image 容器启动
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器的名字 test01,test02 用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口
-p 容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
# 启动并进入容器
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@330b456e1e69 /]# ls # 查看容器的基本内容
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#从容器中退出返回主机
[root@c36f498dfbac /]# exit
exit
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# ls
- docker ps 列出所有的运行容器
docker ps # 列出所有的运行容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+历史运行过的容器
-n=<num> # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c36f498dfbac centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago inspiring_williams
4a44c5870938 centos "/bin/bash/" 3 minutes ago Created eloquent_poincare
330b456e1e69 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago zen_dijkstra
2fb6ed6a3898 c20987f18b13 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago recursing_galois
b9f52a5d4ef0 3218b38490ce "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 hours ago Exited (127) 3 hours ago pedantic_cohen
e0bbb8b62d43 9c7a54a9a43c "/hello" 29 hours ago Exited (0) 29 hours ago xenodochial_booth
# 退出容器
exit # 直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q # 容器不停止退出
- 删除容器
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker rm e0bbb8b62d43 # 不能删除正在运行的容器,rm -f 可以强制删除
e0bbb8b62d43
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 批量删除
c36f498dfbac
4a44c5870938
330b456e1e69
2fb6ed6a3898
b9f52a5d4ef0
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 批量删除
- 启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
4、日志、元数据、进程的查看
- 后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker run -d centos
8c038e60674b76ae1c309e6a8a511076a0e7d4a64816e0fe82b5bad35de43eed
# 常见的坑,docker容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker 发现没有应用,就会自动停止
- 查看日志
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo yxking;sleep 1;done" # 脚本模拟日志内容
508f2dede8c8a69a9fb5f00b690820331a070e76ca9862e86bd557337148ed28
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE
508f2dede8c8 centos
# 查看日志内容
-tf # 显示日志
--tail number # 显示日志有条数
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 508f2dede8c8
2023-05-12T06:40:41.637361433Z yxking
2023-05-12T06:40:42.639404116Z yxking
2023-05-12T06:40:43.641779946Z yxking
2023-05-12T06:40:44.644328441Z yxking
2023-05-12T06:40:45.646666635Z yxking
2023-05-12T06:40:46.648686718Z yxking
2023-05-12T06:40:47.650657967Z yxking
2023-05-12T06:40:48.652947302Z yxking
2023-05-12T06:40:49.655567460Z yxking
- 查看容器中进程信息
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker top 508f2dede8c8
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY
root 21025 21005 0 14:38 ?
- 查看镜像的元数据
# 命令 docker inspect 容器id
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker inspect 508f2dede8c8
[
{
"Id": "508f2dede8c8a69a9fb5f00b690820331a070e76ca9862e86bd557337148ed28",
"Created": "2023-05-12T06:38:51.00362227Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo yxking;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 21025,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2023-05-12T06:38:51.363210651Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/508f2dede8c8a69a9fb5f00b690820331a070e76ca9862e86bd557337148ed28/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/508f2dede8c8a69a9fb5f00b690820331a070e76ca9862e86bd557337148ed28/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/508f2dede8c8a69a9fb5f00b690820331a070e76ca9862e86bd557337148ed28/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/508f2dede8c8a69a9fb5f00b690820331a070e76ca9862e86bd557337148ed28/508f2dede8c8a69a9fb5f00b690820331a070e76ca9862e86bd557337148ed28-json.log",
"Name": "/priceless_ardinghelli",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"ConsoleSize": [
23,
131
],
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": [],
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [],
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [],
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d468ab74ab434dbc8c7d877d6301a1e6322542a0ee2118f238e33ffd80e3458f-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/98bdf8cdaae9267630f1a388db58f7dc3cbed70e80c9613dfeed6fa77bfe3535/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d468ab74ab434dbc8c7d877d6301a1e6322542a0ee2118f238e33ffd80e3458f/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d468ab74ab434dbc8c7d877d6301a1e6322542a0ee2118f238e33ffd80e3458f/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d468ab74ab434dbc8c7d877d6301a1e6322542a0ee2118f238e33ffd80e3458f/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "508f2dede8c8",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo yxking;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "e666fc3b7f15f279f2920c1a828bda55c0a36635cc170b107c945e83c031a475",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/e666fc3b7f15",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "aae0e8a02f75056ab5f32a3eb15fb70f22eacbca6c96b7b2a80486f4d7566372",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "c8eaf5281e423c0d7f9ea43f974d40dd446afa68fd2a650f2dfdc67c93046a5b",
"EndpointID": "aae0e8a02f75056ab5f32a3eb15fb70f22eacbca6c96b7b2a80486f4d7566372",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
5、进入容器的命令和拷贝命令
- 进入当前正在进行的容器
# 命令 docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
# 方法1
[root@VM-8-3-centos ~]# docker exec -it 508f2dede8c8 /bin/bash
[root@508f2dede8c8 /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
# 方法2
[root@508f2dede8c8 /]# docker attach 508f2dede8c8
# docker exec 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面的系统操作
# docker attach 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程!
- 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
# 命令 docker cp 容器id:路径 本机路径
[root@VM-8-3-centos home]# docker cp 508f2dede8c8:/home/test.java /home
Successfully copied 1.54kB to /home
[root@VM-8-3-centos home]# ls
charging lighthouse redis
emqx mmtch_smart_charging-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar sh
gitlab-ce-15.6.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm test.java
jdk1.8.0_231 project www