centos7安装oracle(静默安装)--过程记录

一、准备

1.修改/etc/sysctl.conf 文件 添加如下内容:
    fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
    fs.file-max = 6815744
    kernel.shmall = 2097152
    kernel.shmmax = 48719476736
    kernel.shmmni = 4096
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 200 200
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144
    net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
执行："/sbin/sysctl -p"

2.修改/etc/security/limits.conf 添加如下内容:
    oracle soft nproc 2047
    oracle hard nproc 16384
    oracle soft nofile 1024
    oracle hard nofile 65536
    oracle soft stack  10240

3.修改 /etc/pam.d/login 添加如下内容:
    session required pam_limits.so

4.修改 /etc/profile 添加如下内容:
    if [ $USER = "oracle" ] ; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
        else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
        umask 022
    fi

 

二、创建swap分区
#1.创建一个swap分区
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=2048k
#2.格式化swap分区
mkswap /home/swap
#3.激活swap分区
swapon /home/swap
#4.swap分区自动挂载
vi /etc/fstab
在文件末尾加上
/home/swap swap swap defaults 0 0
#5.赋予 Swap 文件适当的权限
chown root:root /home/swap
chown 0600  /home/swap

三、安装网络工具："yum install -y net-tools"
安装解压工具："yum install -y unzip zip"
安装工具："yum install -y mlocate"，安装后须执行更新库"updatedb"

四、安装Oracle所需的依赖包
yum -y install  gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel sysstat ksh
yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libgcc*.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 libXp
五、创建用户和组
groupadd -g 200 oinstall  #添加oinstall组，组的id为200
groupadd -g 201 dba       #添加dba组，组的id为201
useradd -u 440 -g oinstall -G dba oracle #添加用户oracle,并specified它的id为440.
passwd oracle             #输入oracle用户的密码
id oracle                 #查看用户id和所属组

六、（未执行）关闭SELINUX(阿里云缺省关闭)
vim /etc/selinux/config   #编辑配置文件,关闭SELINUX
setenforce 0              #立即关闭SELINUX

七、解压缩安装文件到oracle目录下，在/home/oracle目录下会出现database目录
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip -d /home/oracle
(同时解压未尝试)unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip && unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip ……X、上传文件过程创建oracle安装目录
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0
mkdir /opt/oracle/oradata
mkdir /opt/oraInventory
mkdir /opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle     #修改/opt/oracle目录的所有者为oracle

chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle

chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oraInventory

chmod -R 775 /opt/oraInventory

X、以oracle身份登录CentOS7系统，设置环境变量
vi ~/.bash_profile        #修改环境变量，echo $ORACLE_HOME 查看

ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH

七、配置安装参数
vim /home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

示例文件：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1o3F2uXGX7fUObfblYAmiLA

八、开始安装oracle

1. cd /home/oracle/database #进入安装目录
2. "./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs -showProgress -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp"  #静默安装
等待几分钟后出现“Successfully Setup Software.”提示
3. 按照提示以root身份登录系统，执行下面两条命令
/opt/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

九、netca  网络配置
export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0     #设置环境变量
netca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

#错误1：libXext.so.6: cannot open shared object file

解决：尝试以下命令无效
yum install -y libXext.i686
yum install -y libXp.so.6
yum install -y libXt.so.6
以上三步安装后无效，安装以下三个包后解决
yum install libXext.x86_64
yum install libXrender.x86_64
yum install libXtst.x86_64

#错误2：

[HAUtils.getHASHome:940]  Failed to get HAS home.
PRCT-1011 : 无法运行 "getcrshome"。详细错误: []
…………………………
Returning is Port 1521 free: false

解决：在/etc/hosts文件中将hostname与回环IP地址对应上就解决了。

vim /etc/hosts #编辑hosts，将主机名加上

十、建库

修改/home/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp 配置文件，执行以下命令

  dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

错误1："libclntsh.so.11.1: cannot open shared object file"

解决：1.环境变量配置。LD_LIBRARY_PATH需要把oracle的库路径加进去 "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
2. vi /etc/ld.so.conf  #在末尾加入一行"/usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client64/lib"
   ldconfig #执行命令，使上面的配置生效
3. 使用命令查找缺失文件 "locate libclntsh.so.11.1"
将文件拷贝到 lib 目录下
(未实践：用ln将需要的so文件链接到/usr/lib或者/lib这两个默认的目录下边)
4.运行命令检查是否还有问题 "ldd `which sysresv`"
5.检查OK后继续执行建库命令，又报错

错误2：/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnjni11.so: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决：百度后答案是没安装libaio相关的包，运行命令安装libaio "yum install -y libaio*"
6. 继续执行建库命令，100% complete!  
log路径：/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log
ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact

ldd 'which sysresv'

十 一、oracle网络配置

修改配置文件
/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = orcl))
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ipaddr)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/oracle

/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

LISTENER_ORCL =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ipaddr)(PORT = 1521))

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ipaddr)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

修改后重启监听：

lsnrctl reload

 

十二、配置自动启动

https://blog.csdn.net/dwl99/article/details/84070122