mysql

###################mysql#################################

 

1.基本的环境配置

 yum install mariadb-server -y  ###数据库软件的安装

 

 systemctl start mariadb   ##启动数据库服务

 

[root@mariadb ~]# netstat -antlpe |grep mysql   ##查看网络端口

 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      27         122138     4434/mysqld         

[root@mariadb ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

 skip-networking=1           ###关闭网络接口所来连接的端口

[root@mariadb ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service ##重启服务

[root@mariadb ~]# netstat -antlpe  |grep mysql

 

 

2,对mysql进行初始化

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql_secure_installation

/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found

 

Set root password? [Y/n] y

New password:

Re-enter new password:

Password updated successfully!

Reloading privilege tables..

 ... Success!

 

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y

 ... Success!

 

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y

 ... Success!

 

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y

...........................................

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

 ... Success!

.................................

Thanks for using MariaDB!

 

 

##############数据库的基本sql语句操作#############################

1,登录

mysql -uroot -p

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -p ##-u,登录用户  -p,此用户密码

Enter password:

 

 

2,查询

show databases;   ##显示数据库

use mysql;       ##进入mysql库

show tables;     ##显示当前库中表的名称

select * from user; ##查询user表中的所有内容(*可以用此表中的任何字段来代替)

desc user;     ##查询user表的结构(显示所有字段的名称)

 

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -p ##-u,登录用户  -p,此用户密码

Enter password:

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;    ##显示数据库

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

+--------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;      ##进入mysql库

MariaDB [mysql]> show tables;     ##显示当前库中表的名称

+---------------------------+

| Tables_in_mysql           |

+---------------------------+

| columns_priv              |

| db                        |

| event                     |

............................

| time_zone_transition_type |

| user                      |

+---------------------------+

24 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

MariaDB [mysql]> select * from user; ##查询user表中的所有内容(*可以用此表中的任何字段来代替)

+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+--------------

| Host      | User | Password                                  | Select_priv |

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

MariaDB [mysql]> desc user;

+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field                  | Type                              | Null | Key |  |         |       |

| User                   | char(16)                          | NO   | PRI |         |       |

| Password               | char(41)                          | NO   |     |         |       |

 

 

3,数据库及表的建立

create database westos; ##创建westos库

create tables linux( ##创建linux表,并且linux表含有两个字段,username,password

 

username varchar(15) not null,

password varchar(15) not null);

insert into linux values ('user1','123'); ##向linux表中插入数据,username字段的数据为user1

 

*****如下所示:

[root@mariadb mysql]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

MariaDB [(none)]> create database westos;   ##创建westos库

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

 

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| westos             |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

 

MariaDB [(none)]> use westos; 进入库westos

Database changed

MariaDB [westos]> show tables; 显示westos库中的所有表

Empty set (0.00 sec)

 

MariaDB [westos]> create table linux( ##创建linux表,并且linux表含有两个字段,username,password

    -> username varchar(15) not null,

    -> password varchar(50) not null);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.37 sec)

 

MariaDB [westos]> show tables;

+------------------+

| Tables_in_westos |

+------------------+

| linux            |

+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

MariaDB [westos]> desc linux;  ##linux表的结构

+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| username | varchar(15) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |

| password | varchar(50) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |

+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

MariaDB [westos]> insert into linux values ('user1','123'); ##向linux表中插入数据,username字段的数据为user1

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.35 sec)

 

MariaDB [westos]> select * from linux; ##查询linux表中的所有内容(*可以用此表中的任何字段来代替)

+----------+----------+

| username | password |

+----------+----------+

| user1    | 123      |

+----------+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

 

 

4,更新数据库信息

update linux set password=password('123') where username='user1' ##更新user1的密码

update linux set password=password('123') where (username='user1' or username='user2'); ##更新user1和user2的密码

delete from linux where username=user1; ##删除user1的信息

alter table linux add class varchar(8);  ##添加class字段到linux表中的最后一列

alter table linux add date varchar(5) after password; ##添加date字段到password之后

alter table linux drop class;   ##删除class字段

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

MariaDB [westos]> select * from linux;

+----------+-----------------+

| username | password        |

+----------+-----------------+

| user1    | 123             |

| user2    | 123             |

| user3    | 123             |

| user4    | *23AE809DDACAF9 |

+----------+-----------------+

MariaDB [westos]> update linux set password=password('123') where username='user1'; ##更新user1的密码

Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)

Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

MariaDB [westos]> select * from linux;

+----------+-----------------+

| username | password        |

+----------+-----------------+

| user1    | *23AE809DDACAF9 |

| user2    | 123             |

| user3    | 123             |

| user4    | *23AE809DDACAF9 |

+----------+-----------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [westos]> alter table linux add class varchar(20) not null; ##添加class字段到linux表中的最后一列

Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.36 sec)               

Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

 

MariaDB [westos]> select * from linux;

+----------+-----------------+-------+

| username | password        | class |

+----------+-----------------+-------+

| user1    | *23AE809DDACAF9 |       |

| user2    | 123             |       |

| user3    | 123             |       |

| user4    | *23AE809DDACAF9 |       |

+----------+-----------------+-------+

 

MariaDB [westos]> alter table linux add date varchar(20) not null after password; ##添加date字段到password之后

Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.31 sec)               

Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

 

MariaDB [westos]> select * from linux;

+----------+-----------------+------+-------+

| username | password        | date | class |

+----------+-----------------+------+-------+

| user1    | *23AE809DDACAF9 |      |       |

| user2    | 123             |      |       |

| user3    | 123             |      |       |

| user4    | *23AE809DDACAF9 |      |       |

+----------+-----------------+------+-------+

 

 

5,备份数据库及表和删除数据库

mysqldump -uroot -pdwly --all-database ##备份所有表中的所有数据

mysqldump -uroot -pdwly --all-database --no-data ##备份所有表,但不备份数据

mysqldump -uroot -pdwly westos > /mnt/westos.sql  ##备份westos库并把数据保存到westos.sql中

mysqldump -uroot -pdwly westos.linux > /mnt/linux.sql ##备份westos库中的linux表

mysql -uroot -pdwly -e "create database westos;" ##建立westos库

mysql -uroot -pdwly westos < /mnt/westos.sql   ##把数据导入westos库

mysql -uroot -pdwly westos < /mnt/linux.sql    ##把数据导入linux表

mysql -uroot -pdwly -e "show databases;"       ##显示数据库

mysql -uroot -pdwly -e "drop database westos;"   ##删除数据库westos

delete from linux where username='user1';    ##删除user1的数据从linux表中

drop table linux;                ##删除linux表

drop database westos;         ##删除westos库

 

****如下示例:

1)备份

[root@mariadb ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pdwly westos > /mnt/westos.spl ##备份westos库并把数据保存到westos.spl中

[root@mariadb ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pdwly westos linux > /mnt/linux.sql ##备份westos库中的linux表

2)删除

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

MariaDB [(none)]> drop database westos;  ##删除westos库

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

 

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;  ##可看到westos库已经删除

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

+--------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

MariaDB [(none)]> create database westos; ##建立westos库

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

 

MariaDB [(none)]> show tables from westos;  ##westos库中表是空的

Empty set (0.00 sec)

 

MariaDB [(none)]> quit

Bye

 

3)导入westos.linux表中

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -pdwly westos < /mnt/linux.sql ##把数据导入linux表

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -pdwly -e "show tables from westos;"  ##导入成功

+------------------+

| Tables_in_westos |

+------------------+

| linux            |

+------------------+

 

4)导入westos库中

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -pdwly -e "drop database westos;" ##删除westos库

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -pdwly -e "create database westos;" ##建立westos库

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -pdwly westos < /mnt/westos.spl  ##把数据导入westos库

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -pdwly -e "show databases;"   ##导入成功

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| westos             |

+--------------------+

 

 

6,用户授权

create user mysqli@'%' identified by 'mysqli';  ##建立用户mysqli,此用户可以通过网络登录

create user mysqli@localhost identified by 'mysqli'; ##建立用户mysqli,此用户只能通过本机登录

vim /etc/my.cnf      ##开启与网络连接的端口

10 skip-networking=0

systemctl restart mariadb

mysql -umysqli -pmysqli -h 172.25.254.135  ##通过ip登录,用户授权

grant insert,update,delete,select on westos.* to mysqli@localhost; ##用户授权

grant select on westos.* to mysqli@'%';

show grants for mysqli@'%';   ##查看用户授权权力

show grants for mysqli@localhost;

revoke delete on westos.* from mysqli@localhost;  ##去除用户授权权利

drop user mysqli@'%';    ##删除用户

 

*****如下示例:

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

MariaDB [(none)]> create user mysqli@localhost identified by 'mysqli'; ##建立用户mysqli,此用户只能通过本机登录

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> create user mysqli@'%' identified by 'mysqli'; ##建立用户mysqli,此用户可以通过网络登录

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

 

MariaDB [(none)]> select User,Host from mysql.user;

+--------+-----------+

| User   | Host      |

+--------+-----------+

| mysqli | %         |

| root   | 127.0.0.1 |

| root   | ::1       |

| mysqli | localhost |

| root   | localhost |

 

MariaDB [(none)]> quit

Bye

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -pdwly -h localhost  ##用户授权,在本机登录

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

.........................................

MariaDB [(none)]> quit

Bye

[root@mariadb ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

 10 skip-networking=0

systemctl restart mariadb

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -umysqli -pmysqli -h 172.25.254.135  ##通过网络登录

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

 

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

MariaDB [(none)]> grant insert,update,delete,select on westos.* to mysqli@localhost; ##用户授权

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

MariaDB [(none)]> grant select on westos.* to mysqli@'%'; ##用户授权

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show grants for mysqli@'%';    ##查看用户授权权力

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for mysqli@%                                                                                   |

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'mysqli'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*586E56A50E9A52581F04204122FC9897CDB17BC4' |

| GRANT SELECT ON `westos`.* TO 'mysqli'@'%'                                                            |

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

MariaDB [(none)]> drop user mysqli@'%';  ##删除用户

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> revoke delete on westos.* from mysqli@localhost; ##去除用户授权权利

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> quit

Bye

 

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -umysqli -pmysqli -h localhost  ##授权测试,成功

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

MariaDB [westos]> select * from linux;

+----------+-----------------+------+-------+

| username | password        | date | class |

+----------+-----------------+------+-------+

| user1    | *23AE809DDACAF9 |      |       |

| user2    | 123             |      |       |

| user3    | 123             |      |       |

| user4    | *23AE809DDACAF9 |      |       |

+----------+-----------------+------+-------+

MariaDB [westos]> quit

Bye

 

 

 

7,密码修改

mysqladmin -uroot -pdwly password westos  ##修改超级用户密码

***当超级用户密码忘记时:           

systemctl stop mariadb.service        ##关闭数据库服务

mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &     ##开启mysql登录接口并忽略授权表

mysql                      ##不用密码,直接登录

update mysql.user set Password=password('123') where user='root'; ##更改超级用户密码

ps aux|grep mysql               ##过滤并强制关闭掉的所有mysql进程

kill -9 mysqlpid

systemctl start mariadb      ##开启数据库服务

测试登录:

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -p123  

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

 

 

 

###########################数据库的网页管理##########################(截图118)

1,安装

yum install httpd php php-mysql -y

systemctl start httpd

systemctl enable httpd

systemctl stop firewalld

systemctl disable firewalld

需要下载

phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2

tar jxf phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2 -C /var/www/html/

mv phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages/  mysqladmin

cd mysqladmin

cp -p config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php

vim config.inc.php

$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'mysql';

systemctl restart httpd

如图一

 


测试:

访问

http://172.25.254.135/mysqladmin

如图二


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