创建数组
//创建一个空的数组,Array是不可变数组,创建为空以后也不能加元素了。
NSArray *array = [NSArray array];
// 创建有1个元素的数组
array = [NSArray arrayWithObject:@"123"];
// 创建有多个元素的数组
array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a", @"b", @"c", nil];
//查看数组中,有多少个元素
int count = [array count];
// count = array.count;
NSLog(@"%i", count);
遍历数组(4种方法)
1.普通遍历
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1, @"1", @"2", @"3", nil];
int count = array.count;
for (int i = 0; i<count; i++) {
// id == void *
id obj = [array objectAtIndex:i];
NSLog(@"%i-%@", i, obj);
2快速遍历,特殊for循环(确定:不能记录当前数组元素的下标)
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1, @"1", @"2", @"3", nil];
// 快速遍历
int i =0;
for (id obj in array) {
NSLog(@"%i-%@", i, obj);
i++;
}
3 使用block遍历(block中,obj是当前遍历元素,idx是当前遍历元素的下标,stop设置为YES时停止循环)
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1, @"1", @"2", @"3", nil];
[array enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:
^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
NSLog(@"%i-%@", idx, obj);
// 如果索引为1,就停止遍历(符合特定条件停止遍历。)
if (idx == 1) {
// 利用指针修改外面BOOL变量的值
*stop = YES;
}
}];
4 使用迭代器循环
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1, @"1", @"2", @"3", nil];
// 获取数组的迭代器
// NSEnumerator *enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];
// 反序迭代器(从尾部开始遍历元素)
NSEnumerator *enumerator = [array reverseObjectEnumerator];
// allObjects是取出没有被遍历过的对象
NSArray *array2 = [enumerator allObjects];
NSLog(@"array2:%@", array2);
// 获取下一个需要遍历的元素
id obj = nil;
while (obj = [enumerator nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"obj=%@", obj);
}
数组的简单使用
NSObject *obj = [[NSObject alloc] init];
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a", @"b", @"c" , obj, nil];
// 判断是否包含了某个元素
if ([array containsObject:@"a"]) {
NSLog(@"包含了字符串a");
}
// 返回最后一个元素
NSString *last = [array lastObject];
NSLog(@"last=%@", last);
// 返回指定下标所对应的元素
NSString *str = [array objectAtIndex:1];
NSLog(@"%@", str);
// 返回指定元素的下标
int index = [array indexOfObject:@"c"];
NSLog(@"index=%i", index);
[obj release];
数组的内存管理规则
当把一个对象塞进数组中时,这个对象的计数器会加1,也就是说数组会对它做一次retain操作
数组被销毁的时候,会对内部的所有元素都做一次release操作
MutableArray
可变字符串的创建
NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObject:@"1"];
// 添加元素
[array addObject:@"2"];
[array addObject:@"3"];
// 移除指定元素
[array removeObject:@"2"];
// 移除最后一个元素
[array removeLastObject];
[array removeAllObjects];
内存管理
添加一个元素时,元素计数器加1,retain一次
删除一个元素时,元素release操作,计数器-1
数组排序
1.
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"2", @"3", @"1", @"4", nil];
// 返回一个排好序的数组,原来数组的元素顺序不会改变
// 指定元素的比较方法:compare:(这里调用的是NSString 里自带的compare方法, 如果自定义的类,需要自定义,比较方法)
NSArray *array2 = [array sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];
NSLog(@"array2:%@", array2);
2.自定义排序,方法实现
Student *stu1 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"MingJie" lastname:@"Li"];
Student *stu2 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"LongHu" lastname:@"Huang"];
Student *stu3 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"LianJie" lastname:@"Li"];
Student *stu4 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"Jian" lastname:@"Xiao"];
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3, stu4, nil];
// 指定排序的比较方法
NSArray *array2 = [array sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compareStudent:)];
NSLog(@"array2:%@", array2);
Student类中的compareStudent方法:
- (NSComparisonResult)compareStudent:(Student *)stu {
// 先按照姓排序
NSComparisonResult result = [self.lastname compare:stu.lastname];
// 如果有相同的姓,就比较名字
if (result == NSOrderedSame) {
result = [self.firstname compare:stu.firstname];
}
return result;
}
3.自定义排序,block实现
Student *stu1 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"MingJie" lastname:@"Li"];
Student *stu2 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"LongHu" lastname:@"Huang"];
Student *stu3 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"LianJie" lastname:@"Li"];
Student *stu4 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"Jian" lastname:@"Xiao"];
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3, stu4, nil];
// 利用block进行排序
NSArray *array2 = [array sortedArrayUsingComparator:
^NSComparisonResult(Student *obj1, Student *obj2) {
// 先按照姓排序
NSComparisonResult result = [obj1.lastname compare:obj2.lastname];
// 如果有相同的姓,就比较名字
if (result == NSOrderedSame) {
result = [obj1.firstname compare:obj2.firstname];
}
return result;
}];
4-高级排序
Student *stu1 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"MingJie" lastname:@"Li" bookName:@"book1"];
Student *stu2 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"LongHu" lastname:@"Huang" bookName:@"book2"];
Student *stu3 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"LianJie" lastname:@"Li" bookName:@"book2"];
Student *stu4 = [Student studentWithFirstname:@"Jian" lastname:@"Xiao" bookName:@"book1"];
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3, stu4, nil];
// 1.先按照书名进行排序
// 这里的key写的是@property的名称
NSSortDescriptor *bookNameDesc = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"book.name" ascending:YES];
// 2.再按照姓进行排序
NSSortDescriptor *lastnameDesc = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"lastname" ascending:YES];
// 3.再按照名进行排序
NSSortDescriptor *firstnameDesc = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"firstname" ascending:YES];
// 按顺序添加排序描述器
NSArray *descs = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:bookNameDesc, lastnameDesc, firstnameDesc, nil];
NSArray *array2 = [array sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:descs];
NSLog(@"array2:%@", array2);
数组的其他用法
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1", @"2", @"3", @"4", nil];
// 1-2-3-4
// 利用分隔符-拼接所有的数组元素
NSString *str = [array componentsJoinedByString:@"-"];
NSLog(@"%@", str);
// 将一个数组写入文件(生成的是一个xml文件)
NSString *path = @"/Users/apple/Desktop/array.xml";
[array writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
path = @"/Users/apple/Desktop/array.txt";
// 从文件中读取数组内容(文件有严格的格式要求,按输出的XML格式)
NSArray *array2 = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path];
NSLog(@"array2:%@", array2);