hibernate简单事例，注意事项，保存，更新，删除，session,Query,Criteria查询_Hql与Criteria查询的补充知识

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dwt1220/article/details/7226770

需要jar包

简单事例

注意事项

保存，更新，删除

查询

session.get(id);

Query接口查询

query.list();

query.uniquResult();

Criteria接口查询

criteria.list();

criteria.uniqueResult();

Hql与Criteria查询的补充知识

需要jar包

mysql jar包：http://www.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/

hibernate jar包:http://sourceforge.net/projects/hibernate/files/hibernate3/3.2.5.ga/

当前使用版本3 .2.5

简单事例一、User类

package com.dwt1220;

import java.util.Date;

public class User {
	private String userName;
	private Date birthday;
	private int id;

	public String getUserName() {
		return userName;
	}

	public void setUserName(String userName) {
		this.userName = userName;
	}

	public Date getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}

	public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

}

二、User的配置文件(User.hbm.xml)

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.dwt1220">
<!-- 	<class name="User" table"user"> table 属性可选(类对应的表名),如果表名和字段名是数据库的关节字，可以加''-->
	<class name="User">
		<id name="id">
			<generator class="native"/>
		</id>
		<!-- column可选(类属性对应的字段) 	<property name="userName" column="username"/>-->
		<property name="userName"/>
		<property name="birthday"/>
	
	</class>
	
</hibernate-mapping>

如果表名和字段名是数据库的关节字，可以加‘’

三、hibernate的配置文件(hibernate.cfg.xml)

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///test</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.password">123</property>
		<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
		<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
		
		<mapping resource="com/dwt1220/User.hbm.xml"/> 
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

默认目录

src/ hibernate-configuration.xml,可使用configuration.configure("路径");来改变

hibernate-configuration.xml与hibernate.properties同时存在时，xml优先

所有属性与值可在hibernate.properties中找到

必填字段

connection.driver_class

connection.url

connection.username

connection.password，

dialect

建表的必填字段

hbm2ddl.auto

四 Test类(main)

package com.dwt1220;

import java.util.Date;


import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		User user = new User();
		user.setUserName("name123");
		user.setBirthday(new Date());

		addUser(user);

		System.out.println("end");
	}

	static void addUser(User user) {
		Session session = null;
		Transaction tx = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
			tx = session.beginTransaction();
			session.save(user);
			tx.commit();
		} catch (HibernateException e) {
			if (tx != null) {
				tx.rollback();
			}
			throw e;
		} finally {
			if (session != null) {
				session.close();
			}
		}
	}

	static void addUser1(User user) {
		Session session = null;
		Transaction tx = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
			tx = session.beginTransaction();
			session.save(user);
			tx.commit();
			// 不catch,出错会自动回滚
		} finally {
			if (session != null) {
				session.close();
			}
		}
	}

}

五、工具类(HibernateUtil)

package com.dwt1220;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public final class HibernateUtil {
	private static Session session;
	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;

	private HibernateUtil() {
		super();
	}

	static {
		Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
		configuration.configure();
		sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
	}

	public static Session getSession() {
		session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		return session;
	}

	public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
		return sessionFactory;
	}
}

注意事项

1、默认的构造方法(必须的)

2、有无意义的标识符id(主键) 可选

3、非final的，对加载有影响可选

保存，更新，删除

public void addUpdateDelete(User user) {
		Session session = null;
		Transaction tx = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
			tx = session.beginTransaction();
			session.save(user);
			session.update(user);
			session.delete(user);
			session.saveOrUpdate(user);//不确定是更新还是保存时；
			tx.commit();
		} catch (HibernateException e) {
			if (tx != null) {
				tx.rollback();
			}
			throw e;
		} finally {
			if (session != null) {
				session.close();
			}
		}
	}

查询

session.get(id);

public User getUser(int id){
		Session session = null;
		User user=new User();
		try {
			session = HibernateUtil.getSession();		
			user=(User)session.get(User.class, id);
		} finally {
			if (session != null) {
				session.close();
			}
		}
		return user;
	}

Query接口查询

query.list();

query.uniquResult();

	public static List<User> select(String val){
		Session session=HibernateUtil.getSession();
		List<User> list;
		try{
		String queryString="from User as user where user.userName=:n";//:n字符串中的别名
		Query query=session.createQuery(queryString);
		query.setString("n",val);//替代:n的值
		/**返回一个结果集*/
		list=query.list();
		/**以对象方式，只返回一个结果*/
		User user=(User)query.uniqueResult();//返回一条查询结果，如果查询结果为多条。则报错
		}finally{
		session.close();
		}
		return list;
	}

Criteria接口查询

criteria.list();

criteria.uniqueResult();

	public User findUser(String name) {
		Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
		User user = null;
		try {
			Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(User.class);
			criteria.add(Restrictions.eq("userName", name));
			List<User> userList=criteria.list();
			user = (User) criteria.uniqueResult();
		} finally {
			if (session != null) {
				session.close();
			}
		}
		return user;
	}

Restrictions.ge("greater than or equal",name); 大于等于

Restrictions.gt("greater than",name); 大于

Restrictions.le("less than or equal", name); 小于等于

Restrictions.lt("less than", name); 小于

查询

session.get(id);

Hql与Criteria查询的补充知识

HQL

1查询多个对象select art, user from Article art, User user where art.author.id=user.id and art.id=:id这种方式返回的是Object[]，Object[0]:article,Object[1]:user。

2分页query.setFirstResult,query.setMaxResults.

查询记录总数query.iterate(“select count(*) from Person”).next()

3批量更新query.executeUpdate()可能造成二级缓存有实效数据。

Criteria

1排序Criteria.addOrder(Order.desc(propertyName));

2关联查询criteria.setFetchMode(“propertyName”, FetchMode.SELECT)与映射文件中关联关系的fetch作用一致。

3投影Projections.rowCount(),max(propertyName), avg, groupProperty…

4分页Projections.rowCount(),criteria.setFirstResult(),criteria.setMaxResults()

5DetachedCriteria可在session外创建（在其他层创建比如在Service中创建）然后用getExecutableCriteria(session)方法创建Criteria对象来完成查询。

6Example查询,Example.create(obj);criteria.add(example)。

5、DetachedCriteria事例

package com.dwt1220;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Criteria;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.criterion.DetachedCriteria;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Restrictions;

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		User user = new User();
		user.setUserName("name123");
		user.setBirthday(new Date());

		addUser(user);
		
		DetachedCriteria detachedCriteria=DetachedCriteria.forClass(User.class);
		String name="name";
		detachedCriteria.add(Restrictions.eq("name", name));

		System.out.println("end");
	}

	static void addUser(User user) {
		Session session = null;
		Transaction tx = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
			tx = session.beginTransaction();
			session.save(user);
			tx.commit();
		} catch (HibernateException e) {
			if (tx != null) {
				tx.rollback();
			}
			throw e;
		} finally {
			if (session != null) {
				session.close();
			}
		}
	}
	
	static List detachedCriteria(DetachedCriteria detachedCriteria){
		Session session=HibernateUtil.getSession();
		Criteria criteria=detachedCriteria.getExecutableCriteria(session);
		List rs=criteria.list();
		session.close();
		return rs;
		
	}

}