MVC处理HTTP分发请求

本节一起学习MVC处理HTTP分发请求

在初始化完成时，在上下文环境中已定义的所有的HandlerMapping都已经被加载了，这些加载的handlerMapping被放在一个List中并排序，存储着HTTP请求对应的映射数据。这个List中的每一个元素都对应着一个具体handlerMapping的配置，一般每一个handlerMapping可以持有一系列从URL请求到Controller的映射。

以SimpleUrlHandlerMapping为例分析HandlerMapping的设计与实现。

在SimpleUrlHandlerMapping中，定义了一个Map持有一系列的映射关系。通过这些在HandlerMapping中定义的映射关系，使Spring MVC应用可以根据HTTP请求确定一个对应的Controller。具体的来说这些映射关系是通过接口类HandlerMapping来封装的，在HandlerMapping接口中定义了一个getHandler方法，通过这个方法，可以获得与HTTP请求对应的HandlerExecutionChain，在这个HandlerExecutionChain中，封装了具体的Controller对象。

HandlerMapping接口：

public interface HandlerMapping {

	String PATH_WITHIN_HANDLER_MAPPING_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".pathWithinHandlerMapping";

	String BEST_MATCHING_PATTERN_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".bestMatchingPattern";

	String INTROSPECT_TYPE_LEVEL_MAPPING = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".introspectTypeLevelMapping";

	String URI_TEMPLATE_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".uriTemplateVariables";

	String MATRIX_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".matrixVariables";

	String PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".producibleMediaTypes";

	@Nullable
	HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception;

}

这个HandlerExecutionChain持有一个Interceptor链和一个handler对象，这个handler对象实际上就是HTTP请求对应的Controller，在持有这个handler对象的同时，还在HandlerExecutionChain中设置了一个拦截器链，通过这个拦截器链中的拦截器，可以为handler对象提供功能的增强。

public class HandlerExecutionChain {

	private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(HandlerExecutionChain.class);

	private final Object handler;

	@Nullable
	private HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors;

	@Nullable
	private List<HandlerInterceptor> interceptorList;

	private int interceptorIndex = -1;


	/**
	 * Create a new HandlerExecutionChain.
	 * @param handler the handler object to execute
	 */
	public HandlerExecutionChain(Object handler) {
		this(handler, (HandlerInterceptor[]) null);
	}

	/**
	 * Create a new HandlerExecutionChain.
	 * @param handler the handler object to execute
	 * @param interceptors the array of interceptors to apply
	 * (in the given order) before the handler itself executes
	 */
	public HandlerExecutionChain(Object handler, @Nullable HandlerInterceptor... interceptors) {
		if (handler instanceof HandlerExecutionChain) {
			HandlerExecutionChain originalChain = (HandlerExecutionChain) handler;
			this.handler = originalChain.getHandler();
			this.interceptorList = new ArrayList<>();
			CollectionUtils.mergeArrayIntoCollection(originalChain.getInterceptors(), this.interceptorList);
			CollectionUtils.mergeArrayIntoCollection(interceptors, this.interceptorList);
		}
		else {
			this.handler = handler;
			this.interceptors = interceptors;
		}
	}


	/**
	 * Return the handler object to execute.
	 */
	public Object getHandler() {
		return this.handler;
	}

	public void addInterceptor(HandlerInterceptor interceptor) {
		initInterceptorList().add(interceptor);
	}

	public void addInterceptors(HandlerInterceptor... interceptors) {
		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
			CollectionUtils.mergeArrayIntoCollection(interceptors, initInterceptorList());
		}
	}

	private List<HandlerInterceptor> initInterceptorList() {
		if (this.interceptorList == null) {
			this.interceptorList = new ArrayList<>();
			if (this.interceptors != null) {
				// An interceptor array specified through the constructor
				CollectionUtils.mergeArrayIntoCollection(this.interceptors, this.interceptorList);
			}
		}
		this.interceptors = null;
		return this.interceptorList;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the array of interceptors to apply (in the given order).
	 * @return the array of HandlerInterceptors instances (may be {@code null})
	 */
	@Nullable
	public HandlerInterceptor[] getInterceptors() {
		if (this.interceptors == null && this.interceptorList != null) {
			this.interceptors = this.interceptorList.toArray(new HandlerInterceptor[0]);
		}
		return this.interceptors;
	}


	/**
	 * Apply preHandle methods of registered interceptors.
	 * @return {@code true} if the execution chain should proceed with the
	 * next interceptor or the handler itself. Else, DispatcherServlet assumes
	 * that this interceptor has already dealt with the response itself.
	 */
	boolean applyPreHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();
		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
			for (int i = 0; i < interceptors.length; i++) {
				HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
				if (!interceptor.preHandle(request, response, this.handler)) {