python-操作数字

< Example 1 > Convert a number to a string

 

print("str(123)=",str(123))

print("str(12345678901234567890)=",str(12345678901234567890))

print("str(0xA)=",str(0xA))

print("str(0xAB)=",str(0xAB))

print("str(0xABC)=",str(0xABC))

print("str(0b1)=",str(0b1))

print("str(0b0111)=",str(0b0111))

print("str(0b11111111)=",str(0b11111111))

 

 

Result :----------------------------------

str(123)= 123

str(12345678901234567890)= 12345678901234567890

str(0xA)= 10

str(0xAB)= 171

str(0xABC)= 2748

str(0b1)= 1

str(0b0111)= 7

str(0b11111111)= 255

 

 

< Example 2 > Convert a ASCII character into a Byte Array

 

numStr = "123ABCDEF"

bArray = bytearray(numStr.encode('ascii'))

print(bArray)

 

for b in numStr :

   print("elements in numStr :", b)

 

for b in bArray :

   print("elements in bArray :", b)

 

 

Result :----------------------------------

bytearray(b'123ABCDEF')

elements in numStr : 1

elements in numStr : 2

elements in numStr : 3

elements in numStr : A

elements in numStr : B

elements in numStr : C

elements in numStr : D

elements in numStr : E

elements in numStr : F

elements in bArray : 49

elements in bArray : 50

elements in bArray : 51

elements in bArray : 65

elements in bArray : 66

elements in bArray : 67

elements in bArray : 68

elements in bArray : 69

elements in bArray : 70

 

 

< Example 3 > Convert a Hex String into a stream of Hex Numbers (binascii package)

 

import binascii

 

hexStr = "AABBCC"

hexNumbers = binascii.a2b_hex(hexStr)

 

print("hexStr = ",hexStr)

print("hexNumbers = ", hexNumbers)

 

Result :----------------------------------

hexStr =  AABBCC

hexNumbers =  b'\xaa\xbb\xcc'

 

 

< Example 4 > Convert a stream of Hex Numbers into a Byte Array (binarray,binascii)

 

import binascii

 

hexStr = "AABBCC"

hexNumbers = binascii.a2b_hex(hexStr)

byteArray = bytearray(hexNumbers)

 

print("hexStr = ",hexStr)

print("hexNumbers = ", hexNumbers)

print("byteArray = ", byteArray)

print("hexStr[0]=",hexStr[0])

print("hexNumbers[0]=",hexNumbers[0])

print("byteArray[0]=",byteArray[0])

 

Result :----------------------------------

hexStr =  AABBCC

hexNumbers =  b'\xaa\xbb\xcc'

byteArray =  bytearray(b'\xaa\xbb\xcc')

hexStr[0]= A

hexNumbers[0]= 170

byteArray[0]= 170

 

 

< Example 5 >  Convert a ByteArray into a String of Hex Numbers (bytearray,binascii)

 

import binascii

 

ByteAry = b'\x45\x00\x00\x16\x36\xdd\x00\x00\x80\xfd\xfe\xa7\x01\x01\x01\x64\x01\x01\x01\x01\x48\x69'

HexStr=binascii.b2a_hex(ByteAry)

 

print("Byte Array = ",ByteAry)

print("Hex String = ",HexStr)

print("Ascii String = ",HexStr.decode('ascii'))

 

Result :----------------------------------

 

Byte Array =  b'E\x00\x00\x166\xdd\x00\x00\x80\xfd\xfe\xa7\x01\x01\x01d\x01\x01\x01\x01Hi'

Hex String =  b'4500001636dd000080fdfea701010164010101014869'

Ascii String =  4500001636dd000080fdfea701010164010101014869

 

< Example 6 > Convert a ByteArray into a Long Integer and convert it into Binary

 

import binascii

 

ByteAry = b'\x45\x00\x00\x16\x36'

BigInteger = int.from_bytes(ByteAry[0:len(ByteAry)], 'big')

BigBinary = '{0:0{1}b}'.format(BigInteger,len(ByteAry*8))

 

print("Byte Array = ",ByteAry)

print("BigInteger = ",BigInteger)

print("BigInteger (Hex) = ",'{0:X}'.format(BigInteger))

print("BigBinary = ",BigBinary)

 

Result :----------------------------------

 

Byte Array =  b'E\x00\x00\x166'

Big Integer =  296352749110

Big Integer (Hex) =  4500001636

BigBinary =  0100010100000000000000000001011000110110

< Example 7 >  Convert a ByteArray into a Long Integer and convert it into Binary and Back to Integer

 

import binascii

 

ByteAry = b'\x45\x00\x00\x16\x36'

BigInteger = int.from_bytes(ByteAry[0:len(ByteAry)], 'big')

BigBinary = '{0:0{1}b}'.format(BigInteger,len(ByteAry*8))

BigIntFromBinary = int(BigBinary,2)

 

print("Byte Array = ",ByteAry)

print("BigInteger = ",BigInteger)

print("BigInteger (Hex) = ",'{0:X}'.format(BigInteger))

print("BigBinary = ",BigBinary)

print("BigIntFromBinary = ",BigIntFromBinary)

print("BigIntFromBinary (Hex) = ",'{0:X}'.format(BigIntFromBinary))

 

Result :----------------------------------

 

Byte Array =  b'E\x00\x00\x166'

BigInteger =  296352749110

BigInteger (Hex) =  4500001636

BigBinary =  0100010100000000000000000001011000110110

BigIntFromBinary =  296352749110

BigIntFromBinary (Hex) =  4500001636

 

 

 

< Example 8 >

 

print("Decimal Format=================================")

print("'{:d}'.format(123)=",'{:d}'.format(123))

print("'{:8d}'.format(123)=",'{:8d}'.format(123))

print("'{:08d}'.format(123)=",'{:08d}'.format(123))

print("'{0:d}'.format(123)=",'{0:d}'.format(123))

print("'{0:8d}'.format(123)=",'{0:8d}'.format(123))

print("'{0:08d}'.format(123)=",'{0:08d}'.format(123))

 

print("Float Format===================================")

print("'{:f}'.format(123)=",'{:f}'.format(123))

print("'{:5.1f}'.format(123)=",'{:5.1f}'.format(123))

print("'{:8.5f}'.format(123)=",'{:8.5f}'.format(123))

print("'{:10.5f}'.format(123)=",'{:10.5f}'.format(123))

print("'{:010.5f}'.format(123)=",'{:010.5f}'.format(123))

 

print("Hex Format====================================")

print("'{:x}'.format(123)=",'{:x}'.format(123))

print("'{:8x}'.format(123)=",'{:8x}'.format(123))

print("'{:08x}'.format(123)=",'{:08x}'.format(123))

print("'{:#08x}'.format(123)=",'{:#08x}'.format(123))

print("'{0:x}'.format(123)=",'{0:x}'.format(123))

print("'{0:8x}'.format(123)=",'{0:8x}'.format(123))

print("'{0:08x}'.format(123)=",'{0:08x}'.format(123))

print("'{0:#08x}'.format(123)=",'{0:#08x}'.format(123))

 

print("'{:X}'.format(123)=",'{:X}'.format(123))

print("'{:8X}'.format(123)=",'{:8X}'.format(123))

print("'{:08X}'.format(123)=",'{:08X}'.format(123))

print("'{:#08X}'.format(123)=",'{:#08X}'.format(123))

print("'{0:X}'.format(123)=",'{0:X}'.format(123))

print("'{0:8X}'.format(123)=",'{0:8X}'.format(123))

print("'{0:08X}'.format(123)=",'{0:08X}'.format(123))

print("'{0:#08X}'.format(123)=",'{0:#08X}'.format(123))

 

print("Binary Format==================================")

print("'{:b}'.format(123)=",'{:b}'.format(123))

print("'{:16b}'.format(123)=",'{:16b}'.format(123))

print("'{:016b}'.format(123)=",'{:016b}'.format(123))

print("'{:#016b}'.format(123)=",'{:#016b}'.format(123))

 

print("Format with digit specification ===============")

print("#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 8 in this example")

print("'{0:{1}d}'.format(123,8)=",'{0:{1}d}'.format(123,8))

print("#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 16 in this example")

print("'{0:{1}d}'.format(123.16)=",'{0:{1}d}'.format(123,16))

print("#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 8 in this example")

print("'{0:{1}b}'.format(123,8)=",'{0:{1}b}'.format(123,8))

print("#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 16 in this example")

print("'{0:{1}b}'.format(123.16)=",'{0:{1}b}'.format(123,16))

 

print("Format with digit and base specification ======")

print("#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 8 in this example")

print("#{2} means the third argument in format() which is 'd' in this example")

print("'{0:{1}{2}}'.format(123,8)=",'{0:{1}{2}}'.format(123,8,'d'))

print("#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 16 in this example")

print("#{2} means the third argument in format() which is 'd' in this example")

print("'{0:{1}{2}}'.format(123.16)=",'{0:{1}{2}}'.format(123,16,'d'))

print("#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 16 in this example")

print("#{2} means the third argument in format() which is 'd' in this example")

print("'{0:0{1}{2}}'.format(123.16)=",'{0:0{1}{2}}'.format(123,16,'d'))

print("#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 8 in this example")

print("#{2} means the third argument in format() which is 'b' in this example")

print("'{0:{1}{2}}'.format(123,8)=",'{0:{1}{2}}'.format(123,8,'b'))

print("#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 16 in this example")

print("#{2} means the third argument in format() which is 'b' in this example")

print("'{0:{1}{2}}'.format(123.16)=",'{0:{1}{2}}'.format(123,16,'b'))

print("#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 16 in this example")

print("#{2} means the third argument in format() which is 'b' in this example")

print("'{0:0{1}{2}}'.format(123.16)=",'{0:0{1}{2}}'.format(123,16,'b'))

 

 

Result :----------------------------------

Decimal Format=================================

'{:d}'.format(123)= 123

'{:8d}'.format(123)=      123

'{:08d}'.format(123)= 00000123

'{0:d}'.format(123)= 123

'{0:8d}'.format(123)=      123

'{0:08d}'.format(123)= 00000123

Float Format===================================

'{:f}'.format(123)= 123.000000

'{:5.1f}'.format(123)= 123.0

'{:8.5f}'.format(123)= 123.00000

'{:10.5f}'.format(123)=  123.00000

'{:010.5f}'.format(123)= 0123.00000

Hex Format====================================

'{:x}'.format(123)= 7b

'{:8x}'.format(123)=       7b

'{:08x}'.format(123)= 0000007b

'{:#08x}'.format(123)= 0x00007b

'{0:x}'.format(123)= 7b

'{0:8x}'.format(123)=       7b

'{0:08x}'.format(123)= 0000007b

'{0:#08x}'.format(123)= 0x00007b

'{:X}'.format(123)= 7B

'{:8X}'.format(123)=       7B

'{:08X}'.format(123)= 0000007B

'{:#08X}'.format(123)= 0X00007B

'{0:X}'.format(123)= 7B

'{0:8X}'.format(123)=       7B

'{0:08X}'.format(123)= 0000007B

'{0:#08X}'.format(123)= 0X00007B

Binary Format==================================

'{:b}'.format(123)= 1111011

'{:16b}'.format(123)=          1111011

'{:016b}'.format(123)= 0000000001111011

'{:#016b}'.format(123)= 0b00000001111011

Format with digit specification ===============

#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 8 in this example

'{0:{1}d}'.format(123,8)=      123

#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 16 in this example

'{0:{1}d}'.format(123.16)=              123

#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 8 in this example

'{0:{1}b}'.format(123,8)=  1111011

#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 16 in this example

'{0:{1}b}'.format(123.16)=          1111011

Format with digit and base specification ======

#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 8 in this example

#{2} means the third argument in format() which is 'd' in this example

'{0:{1}{2}}'.format(123,8)=      123

#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 16 in this example

#{2} means the third argument in format() which is 'd' in this example

'{0:{1}{2}}'.format(123.16)=              123

#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 16 in this example

#{2} means the third argument in format() which is 'd' in this example

'{0:0{1}{2}}'.format(123.16)= 0000000000000123

#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 8 in this example

#{2} means the third argument in format() which is 'b' in this example

'{0:{1}{2}}'.format(123,8)=  1111011

#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 16 in this example

#{2} means the third argument in format() which is 'b' in this example

'{0:{1}{2}}'.format(123.16)=          1111011

#{1} means the second argument in format() which is 16 in this example

#{2} means the third argument in format() which is 'b' in this example

'{0:0{1}{2}}'.format(123.16)= 0000000001111011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

< Example 19 >