蓝牙GAP(通用访问配置文件)学习

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-25 16:08:55 发布

游走在代码中的鱼

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-25 16:08:55 发布

阅读量1.2k

点赞数 3

分类专栏： nrf52832 文章标签：蓝牙

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dylan_524217139/article/details/119112020

版权

nrf52832 专栏收录该内容

1 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

蓝牙GAP(通用访问配置文件)学习

芯片：nrf52832

SDK版本：nRF5_SDK_15.3.0_59ac345

一. GAP的作用

通用访问配置文件，该profile是保证不同蓝牙产品可以互相发现对方和建立连接的.
定义蓝牙设备如何发现和建立与其他设备的安全(或不安全)连接.
处理业务：询问、命名、搜索、链路建立、信道和连接建立.
它是所有其他配置文件的基础，它定义了在蓝牙设备间建立基带链路的通用方法.
必须在所有蓝牙设备中实施的功能.
发现和链接设备的通用步骤.
基本用户界面术语.

二. 查看软件代码实例

下面找到NRF52832蓝牙样例,分析下GAP初始化函数gap_params_init, 结合代码深入理解蓝牙协议.

/**@brief Function for the GAP initialization.
 *
 * @details This function sets up all the necessary GAP (Generic Access Profile) parameters of the
 *          device including the device name, appearance, and the preferred connection parameters.
 */
static void gap_params_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t              err_code;
    ble_gap_conn_params_t   gap_conn_params;
    ble_gap_conn_sec_mode_t sec_mode;

    // 1. 安全模式,安全权限设置
    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&sec_mode); // 连接模式,是否需要加密

    // 2. 设备名称设置
    err_code = sd_ble_gap_device_name_set(&sec_mode,
                                          (const uint8_t *)DEVICE_NAME,
                                          strlen(DEVICE_NAME));
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // 3. 应用图标设置,若没有图标可以不配置
    /* YOUR_JOB: Use an appearance value matching the application's use case.
       err_code = sd_ble_gap_appearance_set(BLE_APPEARANCE_);
       APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code); */
       
    memset(&gap_conn_params, 0, sizeof(gap_conn_params));

    // 4. 连接参数配置
    gap_conn_params.min_conn_interval = MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
    gap_conn_params.max_conn_interval = MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
    gap_conn_params.slave_latency     = SLAVE_LATENCY;
    gap_conn_params.conn_sup_timeout  = CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT;

    // 5. 连接参数配置,主要是连接时间间隔设置
    err_code = sd_ble_gap_ppcp_set(&gap_conn_params);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}

以上初始化代码主要完成3个任务：

设置连接安全模式.
设置蓝牙名称和应用图片.
设置连接间隔.

下面来看看这3个任务具体如何配置和介绍.

首先来介绍安全设置.

安全模式0水平0: 不允许连接
安全模式1水平1: 无安全要求(又称为直接打开链接)
安全模式1水平2: 需要加密链接,无MITM保护
安全模式1水平3: 加密链接和MITM保护
安全模式1水平4: LESC加密链接和MITM保护
安全模式2水平1: 签名或者加密,无MITM保护
安全模式2水平2: MITM保护签名或者加密链接

// 几种安全模式对应的函数如下:
/**@defgroup BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_MACROS GAP attribute security requirement setters
 *
 * See @ref ble_gap_conn_sec_mode_t.
 * @{ */
/**@brief Set sec_mode pointed to by ptr to have no access rights.*/
#define BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_NO_ACCESS(ptr)          do {(ptr)->sm = 0; (ptr)->lv = 0;} while(0)
/**@brief Set sec_mode pointed to by ptr to require no protection, open link.*/
#define BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(ptr)               do {(ptr)->sm = 1; (ptr)->lv = 1;} while(0)
/**@brief Set sec_mode pointed to by ptr to require encryption, but no MITM protection.*/
#define BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_ENC_NO_MITM(ptr)        do {(ptr)->sm = 1; (ptr)->lv = 2;} while(0)
/**@brief Set sec_mode pointed to by ptr to require encryption and MITM protection.*/
#define BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_ENC_WITH_MITM(ptr)      do {(ptr)->sm = 1; (ptr)->lv = 3;} while(0)
/**@brief Set sec_mode pointed to by ptr to require LESC encryption and MITM protection.*/
#define BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_LESC_ENC_WITH_MITM(ptr) do {(ptr)->sm = 1; (ptr)->lv = 4;} while(0)
/**@brief Set sec_mode pointed to by ptr to require signing or encryption, no MITM protection needed.*/
#define BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_SIGNED_NO_MITM(ptr)     do {(ptr)->sm = 2; (ptr)->lv = 1;} while(0)
/**@brief Set sec_mode pointed to by ptr to require signing or encryption with MITM protection.*/
#define BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_SIGNED_WITH_MITM(ptr)   do {(ptr)->sm = 2; (ptr)->lv = 2;} while(0)
/**@} */

紧接着介绍蓝牙名的设置

设置蓝牙名字和安全模式,蓝牙名会通过广播发出,名称显示形式可以在广播结构体中定义.

// softedevices中实现的API，无法查看源码只能查看帮助文档,所有带sd前缀的函数都是softdevices中实现的函数. 
SVCALL(SD_BLE_GAP_DEVICE_NAME_SET, uint32_t, sd_ble_gap_device_name_set(ble_gap_conn_sec_mode_t const *p_write_perm, uint8_t const *p_dev_name, uint16_t len));

/**@brief Set GAP device name.
 *
 * @note  If the device name is located in application flash memory (see @ref ble_gap_cfg_device_name_t),
 *        it cannot be changed. Then @ref NRF_ERROR_FORBIDDEN will be returned.
 *
 * @param[in] p_write_perm Write permissions for the Device Name characteristic, see @ref ble_gap_conn_sec_mode_t.
 * @param[in] p_dev_name Pointer to a UTF-8 encoded, <b>non NULL-terminated</b> string.
 * @param[in] len Length of the UTF-8, <b>non NULL-terminated</b> string pointed to by p_dev_name in octets (must be smaller or equal than @ref BLE_GAP_DEVNAME_MAX_LEN).
 *
 * @retval ::NRF_SUCCESS GAP device name and permissions set successfully.
 * @retval ::NRF_ERROR_INVALID_ADDR Invalid pointer supplied.
 * @retval ::NRF_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM Invalid parameter(s) supplied.
 * @retval ::NRF_ERROR_DATA_SIZE Invalid data size(s) supplied.
 * @retval ::NRF_ERROR_FORBIDDEN Device name is not writable.
 */
uint32_t sd_ble_gap_device_name_set(ble_gap_conn_sec_mode_t const *p_write_perm, uint8_t const *p_dev_name, uint16_t len);

广播蓝牙名称¹类型

广播数据中不包含蓝牙名称,若需要读蓝牙名称可以通过GAP接口获取蓝牙名称²
广播数据中包含蓝牙简称
广播数据中包含蓝牙全称

/**@brief Advertising data name type. This enumeration contains the options available for the device name inside
 *        the advertising data. */
typedef enum
{
    BLE_ADVDATA_NO_NAME,                                              /**< Include no device name in advertising data. */
    BLE_ADVDATA_SHORT_NAME,                                           /**< Include short device name in advertising data. */
    BLE_ADVDATA_FULL_NAME                                             /**< Include full device name in advertising data. */
} ble_advdata_name_type_t;

// 更改成简称的时候需要备注简称长度
/**@brief Function for initializing the Advertising functionality.
 */
static void advertising_init(void)
{
    uint32_t               err_code;
    ble_advertising_init_t init;

    memset(&init, 0, sizeof(init));

    init.advdata.name_type          = BLE_ADVDATA_SHORT_NAME;
    init.advdata.short_name_len          = 6; // 设置简称时候需要设置长度
    init.advdata.include_appearance = false;
    init.advdata.flags              = BLE_GAP_ADV_FLAGS_LE_ONLY_LIMITED_DISC_MODE;

    init.srdata.uuids_complete.uuid_cnt = sizeof(m_adv_uuids) / sizeof(m_adv_uuids[0]);
    init.srdata.uuids_complete.p_uuids  = m_adv_uuids;

    init.config.ble_adv_fast_enabled  = true;
    init.config.ble_adv_fast_interval = APP_ADV_INTERVAL;
    init.config.ble_adv_fast_timeout  = APP_ADV_DURATION;
    init.evt_handler = on_adv_evt;

    err_code = ble_advertising_init(&m_advertising, &init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    ble_advertising_conn_cfg_tag_set(&m_advertising, APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG);
}

蓝牙图标设置,SIG联盟设置了一些常用的图标

我们可以通过SDK中API设置³,设置不同类型的图标

/** @defgroup BLE_APPEARANCES Bluetooth Appearance values
 *  @note Retrieved from http://developer.bluetooth.org/gatt/characteristics/Pages/CharacteristicViewer.aspx?u=org.bluetooth.characteristic.gap.appearance.xml
 * @{ */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_UNKNOWN                                0 /**< Unknown. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_PHONE                         64 /**< Generic Phone. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_COMPUTER                     128 /**< Generic Computer. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_WATCH                        192 /**< Generic Watch. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_WATCH_SPORTS_WATCH                   193 /**< Watch: Sports Watch. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_CLOCK                        256 /**< Generic Clock. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_DISPLAY                      320 /**< Generic Display. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_REMOTE_CONTROL               384 /**< Generic Remote Control. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_EYE_GLASSES                  448 /**< Generic Eye-glasses. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_TAG                          512 /**< Generic Tag. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_KEYRING                      576 /**< Generic Keyring. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_MEDIA_PLAYER                 640 /**< Generic Media Player. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_BARCODE_SCANNER              704 /**< Generic Barcode Scanner. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_THERMOMETER                  768 /**< Generic Thermometer. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_THERMOMETER_EAR                      769 /**< Thermometer: Ear. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_HEART_RATE_SENSOR            832 /**< Generic Heart rate Sensor. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_HEART_RATE_SENSOR_HEART_RATE_BELT    833 /**< Heart Rate Sensor: Heart Rate Belt. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_BLOOD_PRESSURE               896 /**< Generic Blood Pressure. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_BLOOD_PRESSURE_ARM                   897 /**< Blood Pressure: Arm. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_BLOOD_PRESSURE_WRIST                 898 /**< Blood Pressure: Wrist. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_HID                          960 /**< Human Interface Device (HID). */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_HID_KEYBOARD                         961 /**< Keyboard (HID Subtype). */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_HID_MOUSE                            962 /**< Mouse (HID Subtype). */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_HID_JOYSTICK                         963 /**< Joystick (HID Subtype). */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_HID_GAMEPAD                          964 /**< Gamepad (HID Subtype). */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_HID_DIGITIZERSUBTYPE                 965 /**< Digitizer Tablet (HID Subtype). */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_HID_CARD_READER                      966 /**< Card Reader (HID Subtype). */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_HID_DIGITAL_PEN                      967 /**< Digital Pen (HID Subtype). */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_HID_BARCODE                          968 /**< Barcode Scanner (HID Subtype). */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_GLUCOSE_METER               1024 /**< Generic Glucose Meter. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_RUNNING_WALKING_SENSOR      1088 /**< Generic Running Walking Sensor. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_RUNNING_WALKING_SENSOR_IN_SHOE      1089 /**< Running Walking Sensor: In-Shoe. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_RUNNING_WALKING_SENSOR_ON_SHOE      1090 /**< Running Walking Sensor: On-Shoe. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_RUNNING_WALKING_SENSOR_ON_HIP       1091 /**< Running Walking Sensor: On-Hip. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_CYCLING                     1152 /**< Generic Cycling. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_CYCLING_CYCLING_COMPUTER            1153 /**< Cycling: Cycling Computer. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_CYCLING_SPEED_SENSOR                1154 /**< Cycling: Speed Sensor. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_CYCLING_CADENCE_SENSOR              1155 /**< Cycling: Cadence Sensor. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_CYCLING_POWER_SENSOR                1156 /**< Cycling: Power Sensor. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_CYCLING_SPEED_CADENCE_SENSOR        1157 /**< Cycling: Speed and Cadence Sensor. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_PULSE_OXIMETER              3136 /**< Generic Pulse Oximeter. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_PULSE_OXIMETER_FINGERTIP            3137 /**< Fingertip (Pulse Oximeter subtype). */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_PULSE_OXIMETER_WRIST_WORN           3138 /**< Wrist Worn(Pulse Oximeter subtype). */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_WEIGHT_SCALE                3200 /**< Generic Weight Scale. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_GENERIC_OUTDOOR_SPORTS_ACT          5184 /**< Generic Outdoor Sports Activity. */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_OUTDOOR_SPORTS_ACT_LOC_DISP         5185 /**< Location Display Device (Outdoor Sports Activity subtype). */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_OUTDOOR_SPORTS_ACT_LOC_AND_NAV_DISP 5186 /**< Location and Navigation Display Device (Outdoor Sports Activity subtype). */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_OUTDOOR_SPORTS_ACT_LOC_POD          5187 /**< Location Pod (Outdoor Sports Activity subtype). */
#define BLE_APPEARANCE_OUTDOOR_SPORTS_ACT_LOC_AND_NAV_POD  5188 /**< Location and Navigation Pod (Outdoor Sports Activity subtype). */
/** @} */

GAP初始化设置连接间隔

连接间隔⁴,连接间隔6(7.5ms)~3200(4s),单位是1.25ms;连接间隔越大功耗越低⁵,可能会导致数据发送数据不及时,需要下一个连接事件才发出.
从机潜伏周期⁶，可以选择跳过连接事件,并保持睡眠.也可以从设备延迟,从设备可以忽略主设备的链接事件的最大值;
监督超时⁷,最小时间10(10ms)到最大3200(32.0s),同时超市时间必须大于有效连接事件⁸.
短连接间隔,高功耗,高数据吞吐量,发送等待时间短;
长连接间隔,低功耗,低数据吞吐量,发送等待时间长;
低或者0潜伏值,从机在没有数据发送的情况下高功耗,从机可以快速的收到主机的数据;
高潜伏值,从机在没有数据发送的情况下可以低功耗,从机无法及时收到主机数据,但是主机能及时收到从机的数据;

GAP层负责处理设备的接入方式和过程,包括设备发现,链路建立,链路终止,启动安全功能,设备配置;
GAP层扮演的四种角色;

广播者,广告发送者,不是可连接的设备;
观察者,扫描广告,不能启动连接;
外围设备,广告发送者,是可以连接的设备,在单一链路层连接时作为从机;
中央设备,扫描广告启动连接,在单一或者多链路层连接时作为主机,支持三个同时连接;

typedef struct
{
  uint16_t min_conn_interval;         /**< Minimum Connection Interval in 1.25 ms units, see @ref BLE_GAP_CP_LIMITS.*/  //最小连接间隔
  uint16_t max_conn_interval;         /**< Maximum Connection Interval in 1.25 ms units, see @ref BLE_GAP_CP_LIMITS.*/  //最大连接间隔
  uint16_t slave_latency;             /**< Slave Latency in number of connection events, see @ref BLE_GAP_CP_LIMITS.*/  //从机潜伏周期
  uint16_t conn_sup_timeout;          /**< Connection Supervision Timeout in 10 ms units, see @ref BLE_GAP_CP_LIMITS.*/ //连接超时监督
} ble_gap_conn_params_t;

APP显示的名称; ↩︎
可以通过函数读取 sd_ble_gap_device_name_get(uint8_t *p_dev_name, uint16_t *p_len); ↩︎
可以通过函数设置 uint32_t, sd_ble_gap_appearance_set(uint16_t appearance); ↩︎
保持主从设备通过交换链路层数据数据保持链接; ↩︎
两个连接事件之间蓝牙睡眠更长时间; ↩︎
从机跳过连接事件的次数; ↩︎
两个成功的连接事件之间的间隔最大值,若超过这个时间还未出现成功的连接事件，那么设备将会考虑失去连接,返还未连接状态; ↩︎
有效连接事件时间 = 连接间隔 * (1 + 从机延迟值); ↩︎

游走在代码中的鱼

关注

3
点赞
踩
4

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
蓝牙GAP(通用访问配置文件)学习

蓝牙GAP(通用访问配置文件)学习芯片：nrf52832 SDK版本：nRF5_SDK_15.3.0_59ac345 一. GAP的作用通用访问配置文件，该profile是保证不同蓝牙产品可以互相发现对方和建立连接的. 定义蓝牙设备如何发现和建立与其他设备的安全(或不安全)连接. 处理业务：询问、命名、搜索、链路建立、信道和连接建立. 它是所有其他配置文件的基础，它定义了在蓝牙设备间建立基带链路的通用方法. 必须在所有蓝牙设备中实施的功能. 发现和链接设备的通用步骤. 基本用户界面术
复制链接

扫一扫