centos7 根目录增加磁盘空间

一、问题

我创建了一个 VMware 虚拟机用来安装 OpenStack Kolla，由于创建虚拟机时仅给根目录分配 8G 的空间，后续明显不够用，想再扩展 10G 的空间。

查看当前磁盘

[root@kolla-queens ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000d78d5

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1            2048    20971519    10484736   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda2        20971520    41943039    10485760   83  Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 8585 MB, 8585740288 bytes, 16769024 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
......

二、解决

由于 /dev/sda1 分区是 LVM 类型，可以进行扩展

首先，给虚拟机加块 10G 大小硬盘，然后重启

看到已经存在盘 /dev/sdb 了，大小10.7 GB

[root@kolla-queens ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000d78d5

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1            2048    20971519    10484736   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda2        20971520    41943039    10485760   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 8585 MB, 8585740288 bytes, 16769024 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
......

创建分区 /dev/sdb ，注意选择 8e 也即是 LVM 类型
# 后面是我写的注释

[root@kolla-queens ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xf9d73537.

Command (m for help): n   # 输入命令n，建立一个新的分区
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p    # 输入 p，或者直接按回车
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1  # 输入 1，或者直接按回车
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):   # 直接按回车
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519):   # 直接按回车
Using default value 20971519
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t  # 输入命令 t，定义新分区的类型
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e # 输入 8e，8e是Linux LVM类型的代码
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w  # 输入命令 w 完成修改
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

看到已经存在分区 /dev/sdb1 了

[root@kolla-queens ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000d78d5

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1            2048    20971519    10484736   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda2        20971520    41943039    10485760   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xf9d73537

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    20971519    10484736   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 8585 MB, 8585740288 bytes, 16769024 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
......

创建 PV

[root@kolla-queens ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.

查看 LV，显示 LV Path 为 /dev/centos/root，VG Name 为 centos

[root@kolla-queens ~]# lvdisplay
......
     --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                eh3XHa-w5Hy-pbGA-qqbi-p4j6-H5Gl-LdBRlu
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2016-09-13 23:42:05 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <8.00 GiB
  Current LE             2047
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0

扩展 VG centos

[root@kolla-queens ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended

扩展 LV /dev/centos/root

[root@kolla-queens ~]# lvextend /dev/centos/root /dev/sdb1
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <8.00 GiB (2047 extents) to 17.99 GiB (4606 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.

如果系统是用的XFS文件系统，需要要运行以下命令：

xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root

如果系统不是使用XFS文件系统，需要运行以下命令：

resize2fs /dev/centos/root

我这是xfs文件系统
所以运行

[root@kolla-queens ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=524032 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=2096128, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 2096128 to 4716544

查看磁盘空间信息，/dev/mapper/centos-root 已经扩充到 18 G了

[root@kolla-queens ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   18G  2.0G   16G  12% /
devtmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    3.9G  8.7M  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs                    781M     0  781M   0% /run/user/0