全国各市区县7日天气数据爬取

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于 2023-12-04 21:53:59 发布

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分类专栏： python 爬虫文章标签： pandas beautifulsoup

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dypbellwether/article/details/134790055

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本文介绍了一个使用Python爬虫技术从中国天气网抓取全国各市区县7天天气数据的过程，包括获取网页源码、处理异常值、提取天气信息和构建最终结果。

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全国各市区县7日天气数据爬取

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代码

导入库

import requests
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

获取网页链接

def getHTMLText(url, timeout=30):
    try:
        r = requests.get(url, timeout=30)
        r.raise_for_status()
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        return r.text
    except:
        return '产生异常'

获取网页源码

def get_html(html):
    final_list = []
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
    body = soup.body
    return body

处理异常值函数，并且避免重复。不用set是因为网页害怕url抓取错误

def check_all(s,a):
    return  'None' in s or '详情' in s or s in a

获取七天的天气数据

def get_data(html):
    final_list = []
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
    body = soup.body
    data = body.find('div', {'id': '7d'})
    ul = data.find('ul')
    lis = ul.find_all('li')

    for day in lis:
        temp_list = []

        date = day.find('h1').string
        temp_list.append(date)

        info = day.find_all('p')
        temp_list.append(info[0].string)

        if info[1].find('span') is None:
            temperature_highest = ' '
        else:
            temperature_highest = info[1].find('span').string
            temperature_highest = temperature_highest.replace('℃', ' ')

        if info[1].find('i') is None:
            temperature_lowest = ' '
        else:
            temperature_lowest = info[1].find('i').string
            temperature_lowest = temperature_lowest.replace('℃', ' ')
            temp_list.append(temperature_highest)
            temp_list.append(temperature_lowest)

        wind_scale = info[2].find('i').string
        temp_list.append(wind_scale)
        final_list.append(temp_list)
    return final_list

获取所有省的url

url = 'http://www.weather.com.cn/textFC/hn.shtml'
html = getHTMLText(url)
final_list = get_html(html)
final_list=final_list.find('div', {'class': 'lqcontentBoxheader'})
final_list = final_list.find_all('li')
final_a=[]
add=[]
url=[]
s='http://www.weather.com.cn'
for x in final_list:
    list=x.find_all('a')
    for i in list:
        add.append(i.string)
        url.append(s+i.get('href'))
    final_a.append(list)
print(url)
print(add)

获取每个省各个市区县的url

count = 0
index=0
province_info={}
final_url=[]
final_city=[]
for i in url:
    a_url=i
    html = getHTMLText(a_url)
    final_list = get_html(html)
    final_list=final_list.find_all('div', {'class': 'conMidtab3'})
    # print(len(final_list))
    # print(final_list[0:len(final_list)])
    final_a=[]
    city=[]
    c_url=[]
    for i in final_list:
        s=i.find_all('a')
        for i in s:
            s=str(add[index])+'-'+str(i.string)
            if check_all(s,city):
                continue
            city.append(s)
            c_url.append(i.get('href'))
        final_a.append(s)
    final_url.append(c_url)
    final_city.append(city)
    count+=len(city)
    province_info[add[index]]=city
    index+=1
print(count)
print(final_city)
print(final_url)
print(province_info)

把各个标签映射成字典

final_city=[i for item in final_city for i in item]
final_url=[i for item in final_url for i in item]
final_dic=dict(zip(final_city,final_url))
print(final_dic)

遍历字典，获取各个县市七天的天气详情

final_result=[]
for key in final_dic:
    url =final_dic[key]
    html=getHTMLText(url)
    wether=get_data(html)
    tmp=[]
    for i in wether:
        result=[key]
        result=result+i
        tmp.append(result)
        print(result)
    final_result.append(tmp)