Java多线程开发——一个简单的数字加减小例子

范例：

两个线程实现加法，两个线程实现减法

class Resource {
	private int num = 0;
	private boolean flag = true;
	//flag = true 表示可以进行加法操作，不能进行减法操作
	//flag = false 表示可以进行减法操作，不能进行加法操作
	
	public synchronized void add() throws InterruptedException { //执行加法操作
		if (this.flag == false) { //此处应使用while
			super.wait();
		}
		Thread.sleep(100);
		this.num++;
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 加法操作 num = " + num);
		this.flag = false;
		super.notifyAll();
	}
	
	public synchronized void sub() throws InterruptedException { //执行减法操作
		if (this.flag == true) { 此处应使用while
			super.wait();
		}
		Thread.sleep(200);
		this.num--;
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 减法操作 num = " + num);
		this.flag = true;
		super.notifyAll();
	}
}


class AddThread implements Runnable {
	
	private Resource resource;
	public AddThread(Resource resource) {
		this.resource = resource;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
			try {
				this.resource.add();
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
}

class SubThread implements Runnable {
	
	private Resource resource;
	public SubThread(Resource resource) {
		this.resource = resource;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
			try {
				this.resource.sub();
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
}

public class ThreadDemo1 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Resource resource = new Resource();
		AddThread addThread = new AddThread(resource);
		SubThread subThread = new SubThread(resource);
		new Thread(addThread, "加法线程 - A").start();
		new Thread(addThread, "加法线程 - B").start();
		new Thread(subThread, "减法线程 - X").start();
		new Thread(subThread, "减法线程 - Y").start();
	}

}

此代码中有一个问题，数字num会出现一直减一直加的问题，是因为在进行线程同步时，多个线程都通过wait()方法进入阻塞状态后，当一个线程通过notifyAll唤醒其余的线程后，阻塞状态的线程就会直接继续往下执行，所以无法实现线程同步。解决思路是线程从阻塞状态被唤醒后必须再次检验flag的值。

As in the one argument version, interrupts and spurious wakeups are possible, and this method should always be used in a loop:

 synchronized (obj) {
     while (<condition does not hold>)
         obj.wait(timeout, nanos);
     ... // Perform action appropriate to condition
 }

上面是官方文档的说明

所以只需要把if改成while就可以了