赋值函数、拷贝构造函数

最经学习c++，发现很多高深的东西，发表出来于给位分享一下

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
class Book
{
public:
    char* name;
    char* author;
    double price;
    Book(const char *name, const char*author, const double price):
        price(price)
    {
        this->name = new char[strlen(name)+1];
        this->author = new char[strlen(author)+1];
        strcpy(this->name, name);
        strcpy(this->author,author);
    }
    Book(const Book& book)
    {
        name = new char[strlen(book.name)+1];
        author = new char[strlen(book.author)+1];
        price = book.price;
        strcpy(name, book.name);
        strcpy(author, book.author);
    }
    Book& operator=(const Book& rhs)
    {
        Book(rhs).swap(*this); 
// 先创建临时对象Book(rhs),
//再调用下面的swap进行数据交换,
// 注意与*this交换数据的是临时对象, rhs并未修改，只是swap
// 结束后临时对象拥有了*this的数据， 而*this也拥有了由rhs
// 构造的临时对象的数据, 临时对象生命期结束时，*this的数据
// 会被销毁。
        return *this;
    }
    ~Book()
    {
        delete[] name;
        delete[] author;
    }
private:
    Book& swap(Book& rhs)
    {
        double temp = rhs.price;
        rhs.price = price;
        price = temp;
        std::swap(name, rhs.name);
// std::swap()只是简单的交换指针的值
        std::swap(author, rhs.author);
        return *this;
    }    
};
int main()
{
    Book a("The C++ standard library", "Nicolai M. Josuttis", 98);
    Book b = a; // 对象b不存在， 拷贝构造函数在这里被调用
    Book c("Emacs Lisp manual", "stallman", 0);
    c = a; // c对象已经存在， C++赋值函数(operator=)在这里被调用
    cout << a.name << endl;
    cout << a.author << endl;
    cout << a.price << endl << endl;
    cout << b.name << endl;
    cout << b.author << endl;
    cout << b.price << endl << endl;
    cout << c.name << endl;
    cout << c.author << endl;
    cout << c.price << endl;
}