IOS之KVO

在编码过程中，我们经常要搬到目标是否发生改变，以便于及时的做出对应的处理。这时候如果我们通过回调的方式来实现就破坏了程序的完整性，如果我们做一个定时器，定时检查，实时性不高不说，还影响程序性能。oc运行时提供了这个问题的解决方案，就是KVO。

键值观察（KVO）是基于键值编码（KVC）的一种技术；利用键值观察可以注册成为一个对象的观察者，在该对象的某个属性变化时收到通知。

键值观察分为以下三步：

注册成为观察者；

观察者定义KVO的回调

移除观察者

KVO实例

创建学生类作为被观察的对象

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Student : NSObject
@property(nonatomic,retain)NSString *name;
@property(nonatomic,assign)int age;
@end

#import "Student.h"

@implementation Student

-(NSString *)description{
    NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"name:%@,age:%d",self.name,self.age];
    return str;
}

-(void)dealloc{
    [_name release];
    [super dealloc];
}
@end

创建观察者 有一个学生类型的属性，并将自己注册成为学生类的观察者 重写了观察类的回调方法以便在被观察者的属性改变时接收到通知，最后移除观察者

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Student.h"
@interface StudentObserver : NSObject
@property(nonatomic,retain)Student *stu;

-(id)initWithStudent:(Student *)theStu;
@end

#import "StudentObserver.h"

@implementation StudentObserver

-(id)initWithStudent:(Student *)theStu{
    self = [super init];
    if(self){
        self.stu = theStu;
    
    [self.stu addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"name" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld | NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
    [self.stu addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"age" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld | NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:nil];
    }
    return self;
}

-(void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context{
    if([keyPath isEqualToString:@"name"]){
        NSString *oldName = [change objectForKey:NSKeyValueChangeOldKey];
        NSString *newName = [change objectForKey:NSKeyValueChangeNewKey];
        NSLog(@"键路径%@对应的值发生改变，从%@变成%@",keyPath,oldName,newName);
        
        
    }else if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"age"]){
        NSNumber *oldAge = [change objectForKey:NSKeyValueChangeOldKey];
        NSNumber *newAge = [change objectForKey:NSKeyValueChangeNewKey];
         NSLog(@"键路径%@对应的值发生改变，从%@变成%@",keyPath,oldAge,newAge);
    }
}

-(void)dealloc{
    [self.stu removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"name"];
    [self.stu removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"age"];
    [super dealloc];
}
@end

main函数代码如下

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Student.h"
#import "StudentObserver.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    Student *stu = [[Student alloc] init];
    StudentObserver *stuObserver = [[StudentObserver alloc] initWithStudent:stu];
    [stu setValue:@"zhang san" forKey:@"name"];
    [stu setValue:[NSNumber numberWithInt:18] forKey:@"age"];
    [stu setValue:@"li si" forKey:@"name"];
    [stu setValue:[NSNumber numberWithInt:22] forKey:@"age"];
    [stu release];
    [stuObserver release];
    

        return 0;
}