Python:操作PostgreSQL数据库(使用PyGreSQL)

昨天使用python写了操作嵌入式数据库SQLite的方法，今天用python写了针对个人比较熟悉的开源数据库PostgreSQL的常用操作，开发过程简介如下：

一、环境信息：

1、操作系统：

RedHat Enterprise Linux 4

Windows XP SP2

2、数据库：

PostgreSQL8.3

3、 开发工具:

Eclipse+Pydev+python2.6+PyGreSQL(提供pg模块)

4、说明：

a、PostgreSQL数据库运行于RedHat Linux上，Windows下也要安装pgAdmin（访问PostgreSQL服务器的客户端）。

b、PyGreSQL(即pg)模块下载路径及API手册：http://www.pygresql.org/

二、配置：

1、将pgAdmin安装路径下以下子目录添加到系统环境变量中:

E:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\8.3\lib

E:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\8.3\bin

2、将python安装目录C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\pywin32_system32下的dll文件拷贝到C:\WINDOWS\system32

3、说明：

a. 如果跳过以上两步，在import pg时将会报错，浪费较长时间才搞定。

b. 如果对PostgreSQL安装和配置不熟悉，请参考本博客中以下几篇文章：

《RedHat Linux上安装PostgreSQL》

《PostgreSQL服务端监听设置及客户端连接方法》

《PostgreSQL数据库创建、删除方法》

更多PostgreSQL相关知识请访问从我的博客专栏：PostgreSQL系列

三、程序实现：

#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- #导入日志及pg模块 import logging import logging.config import pg #日志配置文件名 LOG_FILENAME = 'logging.conf' #日志语句提示信息 LOG_CONTENT_NAME = 'pg_log' def log_init(log_config_filename, logname): ''' Function:日志模块初始化函数 Input：log_config_filename:日志配置文件名 lognmae:每条日志前的提示语句 Output: logger author: socrates date:2012-02-12 ''' logging.config.fileConfig(log_config_filename) logger = logging.getLogger(logname) return logger def operate_postgre_tbl_product(): ''' Function:操作pg数据库函数 Input：NONE Output: NONE author: socrates date:2012-02-12 ''' pgdb_logger.debug("operate_postgre_tbl_product enter...") #连接数据库 try: pgdb_conn = pg.connect(dbname = 'kevin_test', host = '192.168.230.128', user = 'dyx1024', passwd = '888888') except Exception, e: print e.args[0] pgdb_logger.error("conntect postgre database failed, ret = %s" % e.args[0]) return pgdb_logger.info("conntect postgre database(kevin_test) succ.") #删除表 sql_desc = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tbl_product3;" try: pgdb_conn.query(sql_desc) except Exception, e: print 'drop table failed' pgdb_logger.error("drop table failed, ret = %s" % e.args[0]) pgdb_conn.close() return pgdb_logger.info("drop table(tbl_product3) succ.") #创建表 sql_desc = '''CREATE TABLE tbl_product3( i_index INTEGER, sv_productname VARCHAR(32) );''' try: pgdb_conn.query(sql_desc) except Exception, e: print 'create table failed' pgdb_logger.error("create table failed, ret = %s" % e.args[0]) pgdb_conn.close() return pgdb_logger.info("create table(tbl_product3) succ.") #插入记录 sql_desc = "INSERT INTO tbl_product3(sv_productname) values('apple')" try: pgdb_conn.query(sql_desc) except Exception, e: print 'insert record into table failed' pgdb_logger.error("insert record into table failed, ret = %s" % e.args[0]) pgdb_conn.close() return pgdb_logger.info("insert record into table(tbl_product3) succ.") #查询表 1 sql_desc = "select * from tbl_product3" for row in pgdb_conn.query(sql_desc).dictresult(): print row pgdb_logger.info("%s", row) #查询表2 sql_desc = "select * from tbl_test_port" for row in pgdb_conn.query(sql_desc).dictresult(): print row pgdb_logger.info("%s", row) #关闭数据库连接 pgdb_conn.close() pgdb_logger.debug("operate_sqlite3_tbl_product leaving...") if __name__ == '__main__': #初始化日志系统 pgdb_logger = log_init(LOG_FILENAME, LOG_CONTENT_NAME) #操作数据库 operate_postgre_tbl_product()
四、测试：

1、运行后命令行打印结果：

{'sv_productname': 'apple', 'i_index': None} {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 2, 'i_index': 1} {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 3, 'i_index': 2} {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 5, 'i_index': 3} {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 0, 'i_index': 5} {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 18, 'i_index': 7} {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 8, 'i_index': 8} {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 7, 'i_index': 9} {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 21, 'i_index': 10} {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 23, 'i_index': 11} {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 29, 'i_index': 12} {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 3000, 'i_index': 4} {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 1999, 'i_index': 6}2、日志文件内容：

[2012-02-12 18:09:53,536 pg_log]DEBUG: operate_postgre_tbl_product enter... (test_func.py:36) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,772 pg_log]INFO: conntect postgre database(kevin_test) succ. (test_func.py:46) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,786 pg_log]INFO: drop table(tbl_product3) succ. (test_func.py:58) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,802 pg_log]INFO: create table(tbl_product3) succ. (test_func.py:73) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,802 pg_log]INFO: insert record into table(tbl_product3) succ. (test_func.py:85) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,802 pg_log]INFO: {'sv_productname': 'apple', 'i_index': None} (test_func.py:91) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,802 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 2, 'i_index': 1} (test_func.py:97) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,802 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 3, 'i_index': 2} (test_func.py:97) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,802 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 5, 'i_index': 3} (test_func.py:97) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,802 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 0, 'i_index': 5} (test_func.py:97) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 18, 'i_index': 7} (test_func.py:97) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 8, 'i_index': 8} (test_func.py:97) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 7, 'i_index': 9} (test_func.py:97) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 21, 'i_index': 10} (test_func.py:97) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 23, 'i_index': 11} (test_func.py:97) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 29, 'i_index': 12} (test_func.py:97) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 3000, 'i_index': 4} (test_func.py:97) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]INFO: {'i_status': 1, 'i_port': 1999, 'i_index': 6} (test_func.py:97) [2012-02-12 18:09:53,819 pg_log]DEBUG: operate_sqlite3_tbl_product leaving... (test_func.py:101)
3、psql查看结果：

[root@kevin ~]# su - postgres [postgres@kevin ~]$ psql -U dyx1024 -d kevin_test psql (8.4.2) Type "help" for help. kevin_test=# \dt List of relations Schema | Name | Type | Owner --------+---------------+-------+---------------- public | tbl_product3 | table | dyx1024 public | tbl_test_port | table | pg_test_user_3 (2 rows) kevin_test=# select * from tbl_product3; i_index | sv_productname ---------+---------------- | apple (1 row) kevin_test=# select * from tbl_test_port; i_index | i_port | i_status ---------+--------+---------- 1 | 2 | 1 2 | 3 | 1 3 | 5 | 1 5 | 0 | 1 7 | 18 | 1 8 | 8 | 1 9 | 7 | 1 10 | 21 | 1 11 | 23 | 1 12 | 29 | 1 4 | 3000 | 1 6 | 1999 | 1 (12 rows) kevin_test=# \q [postgres@kevin ~]$