一、显示图形图像
对图像文件的显示过程:
(1)创建Image类(如Bitmap)、Graphics烊的对象
(2)用Graphics.DrawImage绘制
图形文件格式:
Bmp 与存储设置和应用程序无关的图像。每位像素位数(1、4、8、15、24、32、64)在
文件头中指定。24位Bmp是通用的。
GIF Web通用格式。适用线、纯色、边界清晰图片。是无损压缩。可指定一色为透明。
JPEG 24位,有损压缩(肉眼难辨),不支持透明。
EXIF 数码相机照片格式,据JPEG压缩,还包括日期、曝光时间、相机等信息。
PNG 无损压缩(同GIF),以8、24、48位存储颜色,并以1、2、4、8、16位存储灰度
为每像素存储Alpha值。还可含Gamma及颜色校正,可精确显示图像。
TIFF 各平台及程序均支持,以每像素任意位存储图像,压缩算法多样。灵活性好
'01.DrawImage绘制图片文件
' 共有30个重载。从原始图上的一部分或全部 画到 目标上的某位置或区域
Imports System.Drawing
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim gr As Graphics = Me.CreateGraphics
Dim bm As New Bitmap("D:\1.jpg")
'指定位置画原始图的全部
gr.DrawImage(bm, New Point(10, 5))
'指定位置区域画原始图(有缩放功能)
gr.TranslateTransform(200, 5)
gr.DrawImage(bm, New Rectangle(0, 0, 80, 80))
'取原始图部分进行画(无缩放)
gr.TranslateTransform(100, 0)
gr.DrawImage(bm, 0, 0, New RectangleF(0, 30, 60, 60), GraphicsUnit.Pixel)
'取原始图部分在目标上某区域绘制(缩放)
gr.TranslateTransform(-280, 150)
gr.DrawImage(bm, New Rectangle(0, 0, 100, 110), New RectangleF(0, 30, 60, 60), GraphicsUnit.Pixel)
End Sub
End Class
'02.Clone 克隆
'克隆受参数像素格式影响,成图不同
Imports System.Drawing
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim gr As Graphics = Me.CreateGraphics
Dim bm As New Bitmap("D:\1.bmp")
'原图
gr.DrawImage(bm, New Point(10, 5))
Dim bm1 As Bitmap = bm.Clone(New Rectangle(0, 0, 40, 50), Imaging.PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb)
gr.TranslateTransform(180, 5)
gr.DrawImage(bm1, 0, 0) '为了看清clone不再缩放
Dim bm2 As Bitmap = bm.Clone(New Rectangle(40, 40, 80, 50), Imaging.PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb)
gr.TranslateTransform(80, 0)
gr.DrawImage(bm2, 0, 0)
'下面是像素不同时的展现
Dim bm3 As Bitmap = bm.Clone(New Rectangle(40, 40, 100, 60), Imaging.PixelFormat.Format16bppArgb1555)
gr.TranslateTransform(-250, 150)
gr.DrawImage(bm3, 0, 0)
Dim bm4 As Bitmap = bm.Clone(New Rectangle(40, 40, 100, 60), Imaging.PixelFormat.Format4bppIndexed)
gr.TranslateTransform(110, 0)
gr.DrawImage(bm4, 0, 0)
Dim bm5 As Bitmap = bm.Clone(New Rectangle(40, 40, 100, 60), Imaging.PixelFormat.Format1bppIndexed)
gr.TranslateTransform(110, 0)
gr.DrawImage(bm5, 0, 0)
Dim bm6 As Bitmap = bm.Clone(New Rectangle(40, 40, 100, 60), Imaging.PixelFormat.Format8bppIndexed)
gr.TranslateTransform(110, 0)
gr.DrawImage(bm6, 0, 0)
End Sub
End Class
'03 MakeTransparent 使某色透明
' 先取得某颜色GetPixel,然后用maketransparent进行透明
Imports System.Drawing.Drawing2D
Public Class Form1
'为了便于查看,窗体背景设置为黄色
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim gr As Graphics = Me.CreateGraphics
'取色
Dim bm As New Bitmap("D:\2.bmp")
Dim col As Color = bm.GetPixel(1, 1)
'画原始图
gr.DrawImage(bm, 10, 10)
'透明
bm.MakeTransparent(col)
gr.DrawImage(bm, 280, 10)
gr.DrawRectangle(Pens.Red, New Rectangle(280, 10, bm.Width, bm.Height)) '原来的外框
End Sub
End Class
'04 用ico图像绘制图形
' 先用ico构造TextureBrush,然后再构造Pen,最后画图形
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Drawing.Drawing2D
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim gr As Graphics = Me.CreateGraphics
Dim bm As New Bitmap("d:\3.ico")
Dim tb As New Drawing.TextureBrush(bm)
Dim myPen As New Pen(tb, 20)
gr.DrawImage(bm, 10, 10)
gr.DrawEllipse(myPen, New Rectangle(40, 30, 200, 100))
End Sub
End Class
二、图像变换
1、Image对象的RotateFlip方法可以旋转和翻转。
Rotate旋转, Flip翻转
须先用Image.FromFile(Str)等方法加载图像文件
'05.图像的旋转与翻转:Image.RotateFlip
'旋转都是顺时针
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim gr As Graphics = Me.CreateGraphics
Dim img As Image = Image.FromFile("D:\5.jpg")
gr.DrawImage(img, New Point(0, 0))
img.RotateFlip(RotateFlipType.Rotate90FlipNone) '2.顺时针转90
gr.DrawImage(img, New Point(130, 0))
'每次变换都是从上一次变换
img.RotateFlip(RotateFlipType.Rotate90FlipX) '3.先转90再X翻转
gr.DrawImage(img, New Point(260, 0))
img.RotateFlip(RotateFlipType.Rotate90FlipY) ' 4.先转90再Y翻转
gr.DrawImage(img, New Point(390, 0))
img.RotateFlip(RotateFlipType.RotateNoneFlipX) ' 5.X翻转
gr.DrawImage(img, New Point(0, 130))
img.RotateFlip(RotateFlipType.RotateNoneFlipY) '6.Y翻转
gr.DrawImage(img, New Point(130, 130))
img.Save("D:\11.bmp") '最后形变
End Sub
End Class
'06.对图形的反射、扭曲
'关键在定义目标区域,目标区域由平行四边形定义(取三个点,第四点自动计算)
'三点:左上角、左下角,右上角。
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Drawing.Drawing2D
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim bm As New Bitmap("D:\1.jpg")
Dim gr As Graphics = Me.CreateGraphics
Dim bm1 As New Bitmap(bm.Width, bm.Height)
Dim gr1 As Graphics = Graphics.FromImage(bm1)
Dim p As Point() = {New Point(100, 0), New Point(0, 50), New Point(200, 50)}
gr.DrawImage(bm, New Point(0, 0)) '原图在窗体上
'示意图:bm上有图,通过绘制(变形)到bm1(原先有空白,现在有图),最后显示在窗体上
gr1.DrawImage(bm, p) '先把bm变形画到bm1上(要注意bm1能容纳bm变形后的图形,例中专门不能容纳全部变形后图形)
gr.DrawImage(bm1, New Point(0, 150)) '再把bm1画上窗体上
bm1.Save("D:\11.jpg") '变形图形存盘
End Sub
End Class
'07.插值模式缩放 Graphics.InterPolationMode
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Drawing.Drawing2D
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim gr As Graphics = Me.CreateGraphics
Dim bm As New Bitmap("d:\1.jpg")
Dim src As New Rectangle(0, 0, bm.Width, bm.Height)
Dim dec As New Rectangle(0, 0, 0.5 * bm.Width, 0.5 * bm.Height)
gr.DrawImage(bm, 0, 0, src, GraphicsUnit.Pixel) '原图
gr.TranslateTransform(160, 0)
gr.DrawImage(bm, dec, src, GraphicsUnit.Pixel) '缺省
gr.InterpolationMode = Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.Bicubic
gr.TranslateTransform(80, 0)
gr.DrawImage(bm, dec, src, GraphicsUnit.Pixel)
gr.InterpolationMode = Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.High
gr.TranslateTransform(80, 0)
gr.DrawImage(bm, dec, src, GraphicsUnit.Pixel)
gr.InterpolationMode = Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.Low
gr.TranslateTransform(80, 0)
gr.DrawImage(bm, dec, src, GraphicsUnit.Pixel)
End Sub
End Class
'08.纹理填充图形(如椭圆)
'主要用TextureBrush,并可对纹理缩放
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Drawing.Drawing2D
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim gr As Graphics = Me.CreateGraphics
Dim bm As New Bitmap("d:\1.jpg")
Dim tBrush As New TextureBrush(bm)
gr.FillEllipse(tBrush, New Rectangle(0, 0, 300, 150))
tBrush.ScaleTransform(0.5F, 0.5F) '可对纹理进行缩放等坐标变换
gr.FillEllipse(tBrush, New Rectangle(0, 150, 300, 150))
End Sub
End Class
'09.Graphics.BeginContainer
' Graphics.EndContainer
'图形容器:“装载”或“容纳”图形数据(包括坐标)的“容器”。比如窗口(0,0)就是默认的容器。
'BeginContainer将保存先前的容器(数据到堆栈上,并设置标识),开始新的一容器。
'EndContainer 结束当前容器,并返回上一个beginContainer保存的数据。
'EndContainer之前可以有多个BeginContainer,但只能返回上一次容器数据(并移除堆栈上数据)
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Drawing.Drawing2D
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim gr As Graphics = Me.CreateGraphics
Dim grContainer As GraphicsContainer
'定位,便于观看后面位置变化
gr.DrawRectangle(Pens.Black, New Rectangle(50, 50, 50, 50))
gr.TranslateTransform(50, 50) 'A
grContainer = gr.BeginContainer '存储以前数据,开始创建容器
gr.TranslateTransform(0, 40)
gr.FillRectangle(Brushes.Red, New Rectangle(0, 0, 20, 60))
gr.EndContainer(grContainer) '恢复存储前容器,所以坐标返回到A处
gr.FillRectangle(Brushes.Blue, New Rectangle(0, 0, 60, 20))
End Sub
End Class
'10.EndContainer(gc)还原某状态前的容器
' gr.restore 还原原始容器,删除堆栈上的信息
Imports System.Drawing.Drawing2D
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim gr As Graphics = Me.CreateGraphics
Dim gc1 As GraphicsContainer
Dim gc2 As GraphicsContainer
gc1 = gr.BeginContainer
gr.TranslateTransform(50, 50)
gr.FillRectangle(Brushes.Blue, New Rectangle(0, 0, 50, 50))
gc2 = gr.BeginContainer
gr.TranslateTransform(50, 50)
gr.FillRectangle(Brushes.Red, New Rectangle(0, 0, 50, 60))
gr.EndContainer(gc2)
gr.FillRectangle(Brushes.Black, New Rectangle(0, 0, 30, 40))
gr.EndContainer(gc1)
gr.FillRectangle(Brushes.Red, New Rectangle(0, 0, 20, 30))
End Sub
End Class