NIO服务端创建过程
//步骤1: 打开ServerSocketChannel, 用于监听客户端的连接,它是所有客户端连接的父管道,代码示例如下。
ServerSocketChannel acceptSvr = ServerSocketChannel.open();
//步骤2:绑定监听端口,设置连接为非阻塞模式,示例代码如下:
acceptSvr.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getByName("IP"), port));
acceptSvr.configureBlocking(false);
//步骤3:创建Reactor线程,创建多路复用器并启动线程,代码如下:
Selector selector = Selector.open();
new Thread(new ReactorTask()).start();
//步骤4:将ServerSocketChannel注册到Reactor线程的多路复用器Selector上,监听ACCEPT事件,代码如下
SelectionKey key = acceptSvr.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT, ioHandler);
//步骤5: 多路复用器在线程run方法的无限循环体内轮询准备就绪的Key,代码如下
int num = selector.select();
Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selectedKeys.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()){
SelectionKey key = it.next();
//... deal with I/O event ..
}
//步骤6: 多路复用器监听到有新的客户端接入,处理新的接入请求,完成TCP三次握手,建立物理链路,代码示例如下:
SocketChannel channel = svrChannel.accept();
//步骤7: 设置客户端链路的TCP参数,示例代码如下:
channel.configureBlocking(false);
channel.socket().setReuseAddress(true);
//步骤8: 将新接入的客户端连接注册到Reactor线程的多路复用器上,监听读操作,用来读取客户端发送的网络消息,代码如下:
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ, ioHandler);
//步骤9: 异步读取客户端请求消息到缓冲区,示例代码如下:
int readNumber = channel.read(receivedBuffer);
//步骤10:对ByteBuffer进行编解码,如果有半包消息指针Reset,继续读取后续的报文,将解码成功的消息封装成Task,投递到业务线程池中,进行业务逻辑编排,示例代码如下:
Object message = null;
while(buffer.hasRemain()){
byteBuffer.mark();
Object message = decode(byteBuffer);
if(message == null){
byteBuffer.reset();
break;
}
messageList.add(message);
}
if(!byteBuffer.hasRemain())
byteBuffer.clear();
else
byteBuffer.compact();
if(messageList != null & !messageList.isEmpty()){
for(Object messageE :messageList)
handlerTask(messageE);
}
//步骤11:将POJO对象encode成ByteBuffer,调用SocketChannel的异步write接口,将消息异步发送给客户端,示例代码如下:
socketChannel.write(buffer);
**注意:**如果发送区TCP缓冲区满,会导致写半包,此时,需要注册监听写操作位,循环写,直到整包消息写入TCP缓冲区。
NIO 有一个主要的类Selector,这个类似一个观察者,只要我们把需要探知的socketchannel告诉Selector,我们接着做别的事情,当有事件发生时,他会通知我们,传回一组SelectionKey,我们读取这些Key,就会获得我们刚刚注册过的socketchannel,然后,我们从这个Channel中读取数据,接着我们可以处理这些数据。
public class MultiplexerTimerServer implements Runnable{
private Selector selector;
private ServerSocketChannel servChannel;
private volatile boolean stop;
public MultiplexerTimerServer(int port){
try {
selector = Selector.open();
servChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
servChannel.configureBlocking(false);
servChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port), 1024);//端口、块大小
servChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
System.out.println("TimeServer is start, port:" + port);
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void run() {
while (!stop){
try {
selector.select(1000);
Set<SelectionKey> keys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> ketIt = keys.iterator();
SelectionKey key = null;
while (ketIt.hasNext()){
key = ketIt.next();
ketIt.remove();
handler(key);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private void handler(SelectionKey key){
//根据key去除channel做对应的处理
}
}
NIO Reactor模式
反应器模式做法是:汽车是乘客访问的主体(Reactor),乘客上车后,到售票员(acceptor)处登记,之后乘客便可以休息睡觉去了,当到达乘客所要到达的目的地后,售票员将其唤醒即可。
/**
* 反应器模式
* 用于解决多用户访问并发问题
*
* 举个例子:餐厅服务问题
*
* 传统线程池做法:来一个客人(请求)去一个服务员(线程)
* 反应器模式做法:当客人点菜的时候,服务员就可以去招呼其他客人了,等客人点好了菜,直接招呼一声“服务员”
*
* @author linxcool
*/
public class Reactor implements Runnable {
public final Selector selector;
public final ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel;
public Reactor(int port) throws IOException{
selector = Selector.open();
serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), port);
serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(inetSocketAddress);
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
//向selector注册该channel
SelectionKey selectionKey = serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
//利用selectionKey的attach功能绑定Acceptor 如果有事情,触发Acceptor
selectionKey.attach(new Acceptor(this));
}
public void run() {
try {
while (!Thread.interrupted()){
selector.select();
Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selectionKeys.iterator();
//Selector如果发现channel有OP_ACCEPT或READ事件发生,下列遍历就会进行。
while (it.hasNext()){
//来一个事件 第一次触发一个accepter线程
//以后触发SocketReadHandler
SelectionKey selectionKey = it.next();
dispatch(selectionKey);
selectionKeys.clear();
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 运行Acceptor或SocketReadHandler
* @param key
*/
private void dispatch(SelectionKey key) {
Runnable r = (Runnable)(key.attachment());
if (r != null){
r.run();
}
}
}
public class Acceptor implements Runnable {
private Reactor reactor;
public Acceptor(Reactor reactor) {
this.reactor = reactor;
}
public void run() {
try {
SocketChannel socketChannel = reactor.serverSocketChannel.accept();
if(socketChannel != null)//调用Handler来处理channel
new SocketReadHandler(reactor.selector, socketChannel);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public class SocketReadHandler implements Runnable {
private SocketChannel socketChannel;
public SocketReadHandler(Selector selector, SocketChannel socketChannel)
throws IOException {
this.socketChannel = socketChannel;
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
SelectionKey selectionKey = socketChannel.register(selector, 0);
//将SelectionKey绑定为本Handler 下一步有事件触发时,将调用本类的run方法。
//参看dispatch(SelectionKey key)
selectionKey.attach(this);
//同时将SelectionKey标记为可读,以便读取。
selectionKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);
selector.wakeup();
}
/**
* 处理读取数据
*/
public void run() {
ByteBuffer inputBuffer=ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
inputBuffer.clear();
try {
socketChannel.read(inputBuffer);
//激活线程池 处理这些request
//requestHandle(new Request(socket,btt));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
NIO客户端创建过程
//步骤1:打开SocketChannel,绑定客户端端口(可选,默认系统会随机分配一个可用的端口),示例代码如下:
SocketChannel clientChannel = SocketChannel.open();
//步骤2:设置SocketChannel为非阻塞模式,同时设置客户端连接的TCP参数,示例代码如下:
clientChannel.configureBlocking(false);
socket.setReuseAddress(true);
socket.setReceiveBufferSize(BUFFER_SIZE);
socket.setSendBufferSize(BUFFER_SIZE);
//步骤3:异步连接服务端,示例代码如下:
boolean connected = clientChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("IP", port));
//步骤4:判断是否连接成功,如果连接成功,则直接注册读状态位到多路复用器中,如果当前没有连接成功(异步连接,返回false,说明客户端已经发送sync包,服务端没有返回ack包,物理链路还没有建立),示例代码如下:
if (connected) {
clientChannel.register( selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ, ioHandler);
} else {
clientChannel.register( selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT, ioHandler);
}
//步骤5:向Reactor线程的多路复用器注册OP_CONNECT状态位,监听服务端的TCP ACK应答,示例代码如下:
clientChannel.register( selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT, ioHandler);
//步骤6:创建Reactor线程,创建多路复用器并启动线程,代码如下:
Selector selector = Selector.open();
New Thread(new ReactorTask()).start();
//步骤7:多路复用器在线程run方法的无限循环体内轮询准备就绪的Key,代码如下:
int num = selector.select();
Set selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator it = selectedKeys.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
SelectedKey key = (SelectedKey) it.next();
}
//步骤8:接收 connect事件进行处理,代码如下:
if (key.isConnectable())
//handlerConnect();
//步骤9:判断连接结果,如果连接成功,注册读事件到多路复用器,示例代码如下:
if (channel.finishConnect())
registerRead();
//步骤10:注册读事件到多路复用器:
clientChannel.register( selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ, ioHandler);
//步骤11:异步读客户端请求消息到缓冲区,示例代码如下
int readNumber = channel.read(receivedBuffer);
//步骤12:对ByteBuffer进行编解码,如果有半包消息接收缓冲区Reset,继续读取后续的报文,将解码成功的消息封装成Task,投递到业务线程池中,进行业务逻辑编排,示例代码如下:
Object message = null;
while(buffer.hasRemain())
{
byteBuffer.mark();
Object message = decode(byteBuffer);
if (message == null)
{
byteBuffer.reset();
break;
}
messageList.add(message );
}
if (!byteBuffer.hasRemain())
byteBuffer.clear();
else
byteBuffer.compact();
if (messageList != null & !messageList.isEmpty())
{
for(Object messageE : messageList)
handlerTask(messageE);
}
//步骤13:将POJO对象encode成ByteBuffer,调用SocketChannel的异步write接口,将消息异步发送给客户端,示例代码如下:
socketChannel.write(buffer);
参考资料 : https://www.cnblogs.com/nullzx/p/8932977.html
《Netty5.0 架构剖析和源码解读》 李林锋
Netty 服务端创建
ServerBootstrap 服务端启动辅助类
内核需要维护两个队列,未连接队列和已连接队列,根据TCP三次握手过程中三个分节来分割两个队列。
服务器处于listen状态时收到客户端syn分节(connect)syn响应及时对客户端syn的ack,此条目在第三个分节到达前(客户端对服务器syn的ack)一直保留在未完成队列中,如果三次握手完成,该条目将从未完成连接队列搬到已完成连接队列尾部。