Go语言-interface

Go语言-interface

概念

Go 语言提供了另外一种数据类型即接口，它把所有的具有共性的方法定义在一起，任何其他类型只要实现了这些方法就是实现了这个接口。

代码

package main

import "fmt"

type Human struct {
	name  string
	age   int
	phone string
}
type Student struct {
	Human  //匿名字段
	school string
	loan   float32
}
type Employee struct {
	Human   //匿名字段
	company string
	money   float32
}

//Human实现Sayhi方法
func (h Human) SayHi() {
	fmt.Printf("Hi, I am %s you can call me on %s\n", h.name, h.phone)
}

//Human实现Sing方法
func (h Human) Sing(lyrics string) {
	fmt.Println("La la la la...", lyrics)
}

//Employee重载Human的SayHi方法
func (e Employee) SayHi() {
	fmt.Printf("Hi, I am %s, I work at %s. Call me on %s\n", e.name,
		e.company, e.phone) //Yes you can split into 2 lines here.
}

// Interface Men被Human,Student和Employee实现
// 因为这三个类型都实现了这两个方法
type Men interface {
	SayHi()
	Sing(lyrics string)
}

func main() {
	fmt.Println("-- -- --")
	
	mike := Student{Human{"Mike", 25, "222-222-XXX"}, "MIT", 0.00}
	paul := Student{Human{"Paul", 26, "111-222-XXX"}, "Harvard", 100}
	sam := Employee{Human{"Sam", 36, "444-222-XXX"}, "Golang Inc.", 1000}
	Tom := Employee{Human{"Sam", 36, "444-222-XXX"}, "Things Ltd.", 5000}
	
	//定义Men类型的变量i
	var i Men
	
	//i能存储Student
	i = mike
	fmt.Println("This is Mike, a Student:")
	i.SayHi()
	i.Sing("November rain")
	fmt.Println("")
	
	//i也能存储Employee
	i = Tom
	fmt.Println("This is Tom, an Employee:")
	i.SayHi()
	i.Sing("Born to be wild")
	fmt.Println("")
	
	//定义了slice Men
	fmt.Println("Let's use a slice of Men and see what happens")
	x := make([]Men, 3)
	//T这三个都是不同类型的元素，但是他们实现了interface同一个接口
	x[0], x[1], x[2] = paul, sam, mike
	for _, value := range x {
		value.SayHi()
	}
	fmt.Println("-- -- --")
}

运行：

D:\2019\hellotoday\src\main1>go run go2.6.go
-- -- --
This is Mike, a Student:
Hi, I am Mike you can call me on 222-222-XXX
La la la la... November rain


This is Tom, an Employee:
Hi, I am Sam, I work at Things Ltd.. Call me on 444-222-XXX
La la la la... Born to be wild


Let's use a slice of Men and see what happens
Hi, I am Paul you can call me on 111-222-XXX
Hi, I am Sam, I work at Golang Inc.. Call me on 444-222-XXX
Hi, I am Mike you can call me on 222-222-XXX
-- -- --