Oracle 调用接口 (Orale Call Interface，OCI) 是最全面、性能最高、基于原生“C”语言的 Oracle 数据库接口，它可以提供 Oracle 数据库的全部功能。
OCI 为构建各种语言专用接口（如 Oracle JDBC-OCI、ODP.Net、Oracle 预编译器、Oracle ODBC 和 Oracle C++ Call Interface (OCCI)驱动程序）提供了基础。
使用C/C++操作Oracle数据库，我们经常采用 Oracle C++ Call Interface (OCCI) 来进行编程，下面介绍 Linux 下如何做 OCCI 开发.
要在Linux 下做 OCCI 开发，首先必须在开发机器上安装有 OCCI 相关库(包含开发所需的库和运行所需的库)和头文件, OCCI 库和头文件可以通过以下三种途径得到：
(i) 安装 Oracle 数据库引擎 (2) 安装 Oracle Client (3) 安装 Oracle Instant Client.
其中，前两种方式下，
库所在位置一般是： /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/lib
头文件所在位置一般是： /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/rdbms/public/
只要安装了Oracle数据库引擎或者客户端，库文件和头文件就能够很方便的得到。然而，通常我们的开发都是安装一台数据库服务器，然后在客户机器上做开发，所以安装Oracle数据库引擎不可取，鉴于安装Oracle Client也相对比较繁琐，我们采用第三种方式可以减少很多不必要的工作。尽管如此，我们还是有必要首先简单介绍在前两种方式下如何做OCCI开发。
(1) OCCI 开发方式一
(i)编译
编写好程序后，Makefile 定义相关变量，然后进行编译，例如：
OCCI_HOME= /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1
OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR=$(OCCI_HOME)/rdbms/public/
OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH=$(OCCI_HOME)/lib
default:
g++ *.cpp -I$(OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR) -L$(OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH) -locci -lclntsh
(ii)运行
编译完成后，运行程序，运行OCCI程序必须设置以下环节变量：
export ORACLE_BASE=/sdb1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1
export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese'_china.ZHS16GBK
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
(iii) 附加问题
若想将OCCI头文件和库文件拷贝到其它机器进行OCCI开发，则按如下步骤做,参照http://blog.csdn.net/zklth/article/details/7184032 ：
- (1) 方法一：使用 Oracle 11.2.0.1 数据库软件中自带的 OCCI 相关库和头文件.
- 在一个安装好Oracle 11.2.0.1 R2 数据库的机器上拷贝occi相关头文件和库文件到目录 /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/include 和 /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib 下，
- 头文件：
- mkdir /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/include
- cp -r /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/rdbms/public/* /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/include/
- 库文件：
- mkdir /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib
- cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1 /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/
- cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/lib/libocci.so.11.1 /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/
- cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/libocci11.a /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/
- cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/libnnz11.so /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/
- cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/libnnz11.a /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/
- cd /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib
- 创建3个软链接
- ln -s libocci.so.11.1 libocci.so
- ln -s libclntsh.so.11.1 libclntsh.so
- ln -s libclntsh.so libclntsh.so.10.1
- [root@localhost lib]# ll
- 总计 69764
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 01-07 13:33 libclntsh.so -> libclntsh.so.11.1
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 01-07 13:33 libclntsh.so.10.1 -> libclntsh.so
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 48724689 01-07 12:58 libclntsh.so.11.1
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11595642 2012-01-07 libnnz11.a
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7899997 2012-01-07 libnnz11.so
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1863334 01-07 12:50 libocci11.a
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 01-07 13:33 libocci.so -> libocci.so.11.1
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1260923 01-07 12:50 libocci.so.11.1
- 编译OCCI程序时使用如下选项：
- OCCI_HOME=/opt/OCCI_11g_R2
- OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR=$(OCCI_HOME)/include
- OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH=$(OCCI_HOME)/lib
- g++ *.cpp -I$(OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR) -L$(OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH) -locci -lclntsh -lnnz11 # 注意要加上 lnnz11，libclntsh.so 中使用到了 libnnz11.so 中的函数.
- 编译成功！
(2) 安装 ORACLE Instant Client 做 OCCI 开发
(i) 安装ORACLE Instant Client
安装请参见帖 http://blog.csdn.net/zklth/article/details/7190035 或者 http://blog.csdn.net/zklth/article/details/7184032
包含 zip 安装 和 rpm 安装. 注意，做开发必须安装 basic、sdk 两个包.
对于 zip 包.
开发相关的头文件在：/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2/sdk/include
开发相关的库文件在：/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2.
对于rpm包
开发相关的头文件在：/usr/include/oracle/11.2/client64
开发相关的库文件在：/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib
安装完毕，进入库文件所在目录，创建如下2个软链接：
ln -s libclntsh.so.11.1 libclntsh.so
ln -s libocci.so.11.1 libocci.so
(ii) 编译 OCCI 程序
这里以zip安装为例， Oracle Instant Client 安装路径是：/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2.
Makefile 按如下方式书写.
- OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR=/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2/sdk/include
- OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH=/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2
- default:
- g++ -o test test.cpp DBwrapper.cpp -I$(OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR) -L$(OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH) -locci -lclntsh
(iii)运行
编译完成后，运行程序，运行OCCI程序必须设置以下环节变量：
export ORACLE_HOME=/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2
export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese'_china.ZHS16GBK
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
建议写一个脚本运行程序，在脚本中设置这些环境变量.
附： 示例代码
- <span style="font-size:13px;">//
- // File: DBwrapper.h
- // Author: zhankunlin
- // Date: 2011-12-6
- // Desc: Operate database.
- //
- #ifndef DBOP_H
- #define DBOP_H
- #include<string>
- #include<map>
- #include<vector>
- using std::string;
- using std::map;
- using std::vector;
- #include "occi.h"
- using oracle::occi::Environment;
- using oracle::occi::Connection;
- using oracle::occi::Statement;
- using oracle::occi::ResultSet;
- using oracle::occi::SQLException;
- class DBwrapper
- {
- public:
- DBwrapper();
- DBwrapper(string confFilePath);
- DBwrapper(string user, string pwd, string conStr);
- ~DBwrapper();
- void readConfFile();
- bool open();
- bool close();
- bool commit();
- void setSQL(string oneSQL);
- bool execSQL(string sqlStr, string op);
- bool execQuerySQL();
- Statement* getStatement();
- ResultSet* getResultSet();
- bool execUpdateSQL();
- bool execBatchedUpdate();
- void generateSQL(map<string, string> oneSQLKV); /* generate one SQL string */
- // vector<string> generateSQL(vector<map<string, string>> multiSql); /* generate multiple SQL string */
- map<string, string> execSQL(string strSQL); /* execute one SQL string */
- // vector<map<string, string>> execSQL(vector<string> strSQLs); /* execute multiple SQL string */
- private:
- Environment *env; /* in $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/public/occiControl.h */
- Connection *conn;
- Statement *stmt;
- ResultSet *rs;
- string strSQL;
- string user;
- string password;
- string conStr;
- string confFilePath;
- };
- #endif
- </span>
- //
- // File: DBwrapper.cpp
- // Author: zhankunlin
- // Date: 2011-12-6
- // Desc: Operate database.
- //
- #include "DBwrapper.h"
- #include<iostream>
- #include<string>
- #include<map>
- #include<vector>
- using std::string;
- using std::map;
- using std::vector;
- using std::cout;
- using std::endl;
- using std::ios;
- #include <fstream>
- using std::ifstream;
- #include "occi.h"
- using oracle::occi::Environment;
- using oracle::occi::Connection;
- using oracle::occi::Statement;
- using oracle::occi::ResultSet;
- using oracle::occi::SQLException;
- DBwrapper::DBwrapper()
- {
- this->confFilePath = "conf//server.conf";
- readConfFile();
- }
- DBwrapper::DBwrapper(string confFilePath)
- {
- this->confFilePath = confFilePath;
- readConfFile();
- }
- DBwrapper::DBwrapper(string user, string pwd, string conStr)
- {
- this->user = user;
- this->password = pwd;
- this->conStr = conStr;
- }
- void DBwrapper::readConfFile()
- {
- ifstream configFile(this->confFilePath.c_str(), ios::in);
- if( !configFile.is_open() ) {
- cout<< "Open file "<< this->confFilePath << " failed!" <<endl;
- return;
- }
- string line, name, value;
- int len=0, start=0;
- while( configFile >> line )
- {
- if( line.find('#') != string::npos ) /* annotation */
- continue;
- if( line.find("=") == string::npos ) /* not found = */
- continue;
- len=line.length();
- start=line.find("="); /* = 的下标 */
- name=line.substr(0, start);
- value=line.substr(start+1, len-(start+1));
- if(name == "db_user") {
- this->user = value;
- }
- if(name == "db_user_pwd") {
- this->password = value;
- }
- if(name == "db_con_str") {
- this->conStr = value;
- }
- }
- cout<< "-------- Read configure file -------" <<endl;
- cout<< "file: " << this->confFilePath <<endl;
- cout<< "db_user: " << user <<endl;
- cout<< "db_user_pwd: " << password <<endl;
- cout<< "db_con_str: " << conStr <<endl;
- cout<< "---------------------------------------" <<endl;
- }
- DBwrapper::~DBwrapper()
- {
- }
- //
- // Desc:
- // Open connection to Oracle database.
- // Return:
- // true -- Successful.
- // false -- Failed.
- //
- bool DBwrapper::open()
- {
- try {
- env = Environment::createEnvironment(Environment::OBJECT);
- conn = env->createConnection(user, password, conStr);
- stmt = conn->createStatement();
- } catch (SQLException ex) {
- cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
- return false;
- }
- return true;
- }
- //
- // Desc:
- // Close connection to Oracle database.
- // Return:
- // true -- Successful.
- // false -- Failed.
- //
- bool DBwrapper::close()
- {
- try {
- env->terminateConnection(conn);
- Environment::terminateEnvironment(env);
- } catch (SQLException ex) {
- cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
- return false;
- }
- return true;
- }
- //
- // Desc:
- // commit the operation.
- // Return:
- // true -- Successful.
- // false -- Failed.
- //
- bool DBwrapper::commit()
- {
- try {
- conn->commit();
- } catch (SQLException ex) {
- cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
- return false;
- }
- return true;
- }
- void DBwrapper::setSQL(string oneSQL)
- {
- strSQL = oneSQL;
- }
- /* generate one SQL string */
- void DBwrapper::generateSQL(map<string, string> oneSQLKV)
- {
- string oneSQL="";
- strSQL = oneSQL;
- }
- bool DBwrapper::execBatchedUpdate()
- {
- try {
- stmt->executeUpdate();
- } catch (SQLException ex) {
- cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
- return false;
- }
- return true;
- }
- bool DBwrapper::execUpdateSQL()
- {
- try {
- stmt->setSQL(strSQL);
- stmt->executeUpdate();
- } catch (SQLException ex) {
- cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
- return false;
- }
- return true;
- }
- bool DBwrapper::execQuerySQL()
- {
- try {
- stmt->setSQL(strSQL);
- rs = stmt->executeQuery();
- } catch (SQLException ex) {
- cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
- return false;
- }
- return true;
- }
- ResultSet* DBwrapper::getResultSet()
- {
- return rs;
- }
- Statement* DBwrapper::getStatement()
- {
- return stmt;
- }
- //
- // Desc:
- // execute SQL string.
- // Parameters:
- // string sqlStr -- SQL string
- // string op -- it has only four value.
- // insert, update, delete, select
- //
- bool DBwrapper::execSQL(string sqlStr, string op)
- {
- if(!(op == "insert" || op == "update" ||
- op == "delete" || op == "select")) {
- cout<<"SQL operation must be in 'insert, update, delete, select'!"<<endl;
- return false;
- }
- strSQL = sqlStr;
- if(op == "select")
- return execQuerySQL();
- else
- return execUpdateSQL();
- }
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