threadlocal并不是线程,记得最早几年前面试android的时候,被人问到threadlocal当时没听过,直接回答说是线程,现在想想当时真怂。threadlocal而是一个线程内部的存储类,可以在指定线程内存储数据,数据存储以后,只有指定线程可以得到存储数据,说的比较抽象,直接看源码来解释
**
* Implements a thread-local storage, that is, a variable for which each thread
* has its own value. All threads share the same {@code ThreadLocal} object,
* but each sees a different value when accessing it, and changes made by one
* thread do not affect the other threads. The implementation supports
* {@code null} values.
*
* @see java.lang.Thread
* @author Bob Lee
*/
public class ThreadLocal<T> {
可以看出threadlocal是一个范型类,这标志着threadlocal可以存储所有数据,作为存储数据来说,我们首先想到的是会对外提供set(),get(),remove(),等方法,顺着我们的想法来看源码,果然如此,
1,set()方法
/**
* Sets the value of this variable for the current thread. If set to
* {@code null}, the value will be set to null and the underlying entry will
* still be present.
*
* @param value the new value of the variable for the caller thread.
*/
public void set(T value) {
Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
Values values = values(currentThread);
if (values == null) {
values = initializeValues(currentThread);
}
values.put(this, value);
}
看官方的对该方法的注释可以知道,该方法负责往当前线程插值,这个值可以为null,从源码可以看出,首先获取当前线程,然后调用values方法,我们来看下values方法
/**
* Gets Values instance for this thread and variable type.
*/
Values values(Thread current) {
return current.localValues;
}
可以看出该方法是返回当前线程的一个存储实类,那么这个类是什么呢,点进Thread类中看到
/**
* Normal thread local values.
*/
ThreadLocal.Values localValues;
是ThreadLocal的一个内部类Values,我们暂时不看这个内部类的实现,先回到set方法,得到values的实类以后会来一个判断,为null调用initializeValues(currentThread),从名字看出,好像是初始化Values的一个方法,我们进到方法来看
/**
* Creates Values instance for this thread and variable type.
*/
Values initializeValues(Thread current) {
return current.localValues = new Values();
}
果然是的,对当前线程的localValues初始化,原来真正初始化Values是这个方法,下面调用value的put方法,我们想到的应该是往里面插值,顺着我们的疑问,我们来看下Values这个内部类的put方法
/**
* Sets entry for given ThreadLocal to given value, creating an
* entry if necessary.
*/
void put(ThreadLocal<?> key, Object value) {
cleanUp();
// Keep track of first tombstone. That's where we want to go back
// and add an entry if necessary.
int firstTombstone = -1;
for (int index = key.hash & mask;; index = next(index)) {
Object k = table[index];
if (k == key.reference) {
// Replace existing entry.
table[index + 1] = value;
return;
}
if (k == null) {
if (firstTombstone == -1) {
// Fill in null slot.
table[index] = key.reference;
table[index + 1] = value;
size++;
return;
}
// Go back and replace first tombstone.
table[firstTombstone] = key.reference;
table[firstTombstone + 1] = value;
tombstones--;
size++;
return;
}
// Remember first tombstone.
if (firstTombstone == -1 && k == TOMBSTONE) {
firstTombstone = index;
}
}
}
从源码可以看出,把values的值传入到一个table数组的key.reference的下一个下标中,至此,我们了解了Threadlocal的存值过程,首先会获取当前线程,根据当前线程获取Values存储类,该存储类在该线程是单例的,在调用values存储类中的put方法,最终将存储的内容存储到Values内部类的table数组下标为key.reference中
下面我们来了解下get()方法
/**
* Returns the value of this variable for the current thread. If an entry
* doesn't yet exist for this variable on this thread, this method will
* create an entry, populating the value with the result of
* {@link #initialValue()}.
*
* @return the current value of the variable for the calling thread.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public T get() {
// Optimized for the fast path.
Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
Values values = values(currentThread);
if (values != null) {
Object[] table = values.table;
int index = hash & values.mask;
if (this.reference == table[index]) {
return (T) table[index + 1];
}
} else {
values = initializeValues(currentThread);
}
return (T) values.getAfterMiss(this);
}
官方注释可以看出该方法返回一个当前线程的当前value值,如果这个值没有初始化,那么会通过initialValue();返回一个null
/**
* Provides the initial value of this variable for the current thread.
* The default implementation returns {@code null}.
*
* @return the initial value of the variable.
*/
protected T initialValue() {
return null;
}
下面我们来看源码实现,和set方法一样,首先获取当前线程,再通过values(currentThread); 获取当前线程的Values对象,判断values是否为null, 如果当前线程没有赋值过 那么会调用上述initialValue()方法返回一个null,否则会通过value.table获取当前线程的value中的table数组,再根据set的下标reference的下一个得到当前值
接着我们再来看一下remove的方法实现
/**
* Removes entry for the given ThreadLocal.
*/
void remove(ThreadLocal<?> key) {
cleanUp();
for (int index = key.hash & mask;; index = next(index)) {
Object reference = table[index];
if (reference == key.reference) {
// Success!
table[index] = TOMBSTONE;
table[index + 1] = null;
tombstones++;
size--;
return;
}
if (reference == null) {
// No entry found.
return;
}
}
}
该方法就没什么好解释的了,就是手动的去释放当前线程的存储的值删除,为了更好的内存释放