init是Android中linux的第一个用户级进程，主要是解析init.rc脚本。
init.rc脚本包括了文件系统初始化、装载的许多过程。init.rc的工作主要是：
1）设置一些环境变量
2）创建system、sdcard、data、cache等目录（见案例1）
3）把一些文件系统mount到一些目录去，如，mount tmpfs tmpfs /sqlite_stmt_journals
4）设置一些文件的用户群组、权限
5）设置一些线程参数
6）设置TCP缓存大小
init脚本的关键字(如mkdir，chmod，service等等)可以参考init进程的
system/core/init/keyword.h文件。
init.rc的使用方法，可以参考说明文件system/core/init/readme.txt
如果想要修改启动过程只需要修改init.c（system/core/init）或者init.rc里的内容即可.
在 Android中使用启动脚本init.rc可以在系统的初始化过程中进行一些简单的初始化操作。
这个脚本被直接安装到目标系统的根文件系统中，被 init可执行程序解析。 init.rc是在init启动后被执行的启动脚本。
我们可以通过修改init.rc脚本来修改启动过程。但是，一般情况下，我们不直接修改init.rc，而是在文件init.%PRODUCT%.rc(如init.qcom.rc)文件中添加或修改我们需要的额外的初始化配置。因为init.c中的main函数在解析完init.rc以后会继续解析init.%PRODUCT%.rc文件。要特别强调的是，init.rc文件和init.%PRODUCT%.rc文件都是用Android Init Language语言来编写的。
http://blog.csdn.net/zhangchiytu/article/details/7389057
init.rc mi3
# Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
#
# IMPORTANT: Do not create world writable files or directories.
# This is a common source of Android security bugs.
#
import /init.environ.rc
import /init.usb.rc
import /init.${ro.hardware}.rc
import /init.trace.rc
on early-init
# Set init and its forked children's oom_adj.
write /proc/1/oom_adj -16
# Set the security context for the init process.
# This should occur before anything else (e.g. ueventd) is started.
setcon u:r:init:s0
start ueventd
# create mountpoints
mkdir /mnt 0775 root system
on init
sysclktz 0
loglevel 3
# Backward compatibility
symlink /system/etc /etc
symlink /sys/kernel/debug /d
# Right now vendor lives on the same filesystem as system,
# but someday that may change.
symlink /system/vendor /vendor
# Create cgroup mount point for cpu accounting
mkdir /acct
mount cgroup none /acct cpuacct
mkdir /acct/uid
# Create cgroup mount point for memory
mount tmpfs none /sys/fs/cgroup mode=0750,uid=0,gid=1000
mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/memory 0750 root system
mount cgroup none /sys/fs/cgroup/memory memory
write /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/memory.move_charge_at_immigrate 1
chown root system /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/tasks
chmod 0660 /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/tasks
mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/sw 0750 root system
write /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/sw/memory.swappiness 100
write /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/sw/memory.move_charge_at_immigrate 1
chown root system /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/sw/tasks
chmod 0660 /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/sw/tasks
mkdir /system
mkdir /data 0771 system system
mkdir /cache 0770 system cache
mkdir /config 0500 root root
# See storage config details at http://source.android.com/tech/storage/
mkdir /mnt/shell 0700 shell shell
mkdir /mnt/media_rw 0700 media_rw media_rw
mkdir /storage 0751 root sdcard_r
# Directory for putting things only root should see.
mkdir /mnt/secure 0700 root root
# Directory for staging bindmounts
mkdir /mnt/secure/staging 0700 root root
# Directory-target for where the secure container
# imagefile directory will be bind-mounted
mkdir /mnt/secure/asec 0700 root root
# Secure container public mount points.
mkdir /mnt/asec 0700 root system
mount tmpfs tmpfs /mnt/asec mode=0755,gid=1000
# Filesystem image public mount points.
mkdir /mnt/obb 0700 root system
mount tmpfs tmpfs /mnt/obb mode=0755,gid=1000
write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1
write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0
write /proc/cpu/alignment 4
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_compat_yield 1
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_child_runs_first 0
write /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space 2
write /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict 2
write /proc/sys/kernel/dmesg_restrict 1
write /proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr 32768
write /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ping_group_range "0 2147483647"
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_runtime_us 950000
write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_period_us 1000000
write /proc/sys/vm/legacy_va_layout 1
# Create cgroup mount points for process groups
mkdir /dev/cpuctl
mount cgroup none /dev/cpuctl cpu
chown system system /dev/cpuctl
chown system system /dev/cpuctl/tasks
chmod 0660 /dev/cpuctl/tasks
write /dev/cpuctl/cpu.shares 1024
write /dev/cpuctl/cpu.rt_runtime_us 950000
write /dev/cpuctl/cpu.rt_period_us 1000000
mkdir /dev/cpuctl/apps
chown system system /dev/cpuctl/apps/tasks
chmod 0666 /dev/cpuctl/apps/tasks
write /dev/cpuctl/apps/cpu.shares 1024
write /dev/cpuctl/apps/cpu.rt_runtime_us 800000
write /dev/cpuctl/apps/cpu.rt_period_us 1000000
mkdir /dev/cpuctl/apps/bg_non_interactive
chown system system /dev/cpuctl/apps/bg_non_interactive/tasks
chmod 0666 /dev/cpuctl/apps/bg_non_interactive/tasks
# 5.0 %
write /dev/cpuctl/apps/bg_non_interactive/cpu.shares 52
write /dev/cpuctl/apps/bg_non_interactive/cpu.rt_runtime_us 700000
write /dev/cpuctl/apps/bg_non_interactive/cpu.rt_period_us 1000000
# qtaguid will limit access to specific data based on group memberships.
# net_bw_acct grants impersonation of socket owners.
# net_bw_stats grants access to other apps' detailed tagged-socket stats.
chown root net_bw_acct /proc/net/xt_qtaguid/ctrl
chown root net_bw_stats /proc/net/xt_qtaguid/stats
# Allow everybody to read the xt_qtaguid resource tracking misc dev.
# This is needed by any process that uses socket tagging.
chmod 0644 /dev/xt_qtaguid
# Create location for fs_mgr to store abbreviated output from filesystem
# checker programs.
mkdir /dev/fscklogs 0770 root system
# Allow updater to execv ota with suid in rootfs
chown root updater /bin/ota
chmod 06754 /bin/ota
on post-fs
# once everything is setup, no need to modify /
mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount
# mount shared so changes propagate into child namespaces
mount rootfs rootfs / shared rec
# We chown/chmod /cache again so because mount is run as root + defaults
chown system cache /cache
chmod 0770 /cache
# We restorecon /cache in case the cache partition has been reset.
restorecon /cache
# This may have been created by the recovery system with odd permissions
chown system cache /cache/recovery
chmod 0770 /cache/recovery
# This may have been created by the recovery system with the wrong context.
restorecon /cache/recovery
#change permissions on vmallocinfo so we can grab it from bugreports
chown root log /proc/vmallocinfo
chmod 0440 /proc/vmallocinfo
chown root log /proc/slabinfo
chmod 0440 /proc/slabinfo
#change permissions on kmsg & sysrq-trigger so bugreports can grab kthread stacks
chown root system /proc/kmsg
chmod 0440 /proc/kmsg
chown root system /proc/sysrq-trigger
chmod 0220 /proc/sysrq-trigger
chown system log /proc/last_kmsg
chmod 0440 /proc/last_kmsg
# create the lost+found directories, so as to enforce our permissions
mkdir /cache/lost+found 0770 root root
on post-fs-data
# We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults
chown system system /data
chmod 0771 /data
# We restorecon /data in case the userdata partition has been reset.
restorecon /data
# Avoid predictable entropy pool. Carry over entropy from previous boot.
copy /data/system/entropy.dat /dev/urandom
# Create dump dir and collect dumps.
# Do this before we mount cache so eventually we can use cache for
# storing dumps on platforms which do not have a dedicated dump partition.
mkdir /data/dontpanic 0750 root log
# Collect apanic data, free resources and re-arm trigger
copy /proc/apanic_console /data/dontpanic/apanic_console
chown root log /data/dontpanic/apanic_console
chmod 0640 /data/dontpanic/apanic_console
copy /proc/apanic_threads /data/dontpanic/apanic_threads
chown root log /data/dontpanic/apanic_threads
chmod 0640 /data/dontpanic/apanic_threads
write /proc/apanic_console 1
# create basic filesystem structure
mkdir /data/misc 01771 system misc
mkdir /data/misc/adb 02750 system shell
mkdir /data/misc/bluedroid 0770 bluetooth net_bt_stack
mkdir /data/misc/bluetooth 0770 system system
mkdir /data/misc/keystore 0700 keystore keystore
mkdir /data/misc/keychain 0771 system system
mkdir /data/misc/radio 0770 system radio
mkdir /data/misc/sms 0770 system radio
mkdir /data/misc/zoneinfo 0775 system system
mkdir /data/misc/vpn 0770 system vpn
mkdir /data/misc/systemkeys 0700 system system
# give system access to wpa_supplicant.conf for backup and restore
mkdir /data/misc/wifi 0770 wifi wifi
chmod 0660 /data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf
mkdir /data/local 0751 root root
mkdir /data/misc/media 0700 media media
# For security reasons, /data/local/tmp should always be empty.
# Do not place files or directories in /data/local/tmp
mkdir /data/local/tmp 0771 shell shell
mkdir /data/data 0771 system system
mkdir /data/data/mediaserver 0700 media media
mkdir /data/app-private 0771 system system
mkdir /data/app-asec 0700 root root
mkdir /data/app-lib 0771 system system
mkdir /data/app 0771 system system
mkdir /data/property 0700 root root
mkdir /data/ssh 0750 root shell
mkdir /data/ssh/empty 0700 root root
# create dalvik-cache, so as to enforce our permissions
mkdir /data/dalvik-cache 0771 system system
# create resource-cache and double-check the perms
mkdir /data/resource-cache 0771 system system
chown system system /data/resource-cache
chmod 0771 /data/resource-cache
# create the lost+found directories, so as to enforce our permissions
mkdir /data/lost+found 0770 root root
# create directory for DRM plug-ins - give drm the read/write access to
# the following directory.
mkdir /data/drm 0770 drm drm
# create directory for MediaDrm plug-ins - give drm the read/write access to
# the following directory.
mkdir /data/mediadrm 0770 mediadrm mediadrm
# symlink to bugreport storage location
symlink /data/data/com.android.shell/files/bugreports /data/bugreports
# Separate location for storing security policy files on data
mkdir /data/security 0711 system system
# If there is no fs-post-data action in the init.<device>.rc file, you
# must uncomment this line, otherwise encrypted filesystems
# won't work.
# Set indication (checked by vold) that we have finished this action
#setprop vold.post_fs_data_done 1
on boot
# basic network init
ifup lo
hostname localhost
domainname localdomain
# set RLIMIT_NICE to allow priorities from 19 to -20
setrlimit 13 40 40
# Memory management. Basic kernel parameters, and allow the high
# level system server to be able to adjust the kernel OOM driver
# parameters to match how it is managing things.
write /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory 1
write /proc/sys/vm/min_free_order_shift 4
chown root system /sys/module/lowmemorykiller/parameters/adj
chmod 0664 /sys/module/lowmemorykiller/parameters/adj
chown root system /sys/module/lowmemorykiller/parameters/minfree
chmod 0664 /sys/module/lowmemorykiller/parameters/minfree
# atomic allocations can get upto 5/8th of this size
write /proc/sys/vm/min_free_kbytes 16384
# Tweak background writeout
write /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs 200
write /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio 5
# Permissions for System Server and daemons.
chown radio system /sys/android_power/state
chown radio system /sys/android_power/request_state
chown radio system /sys/android_power/acquire_full_wake_lock
chown radio system /sys/android_power/acquire_partial_wake_lock
chown radio system /sys/android_power/release_wake_lock
chown system system /sys/power/autosleep
chown system system /sys/power/state
chown system system /sys/power/wakeup_count
chown radio system /sys/power/wake_lock
chown radio system /sys/power/wake_unlock
chmod 0660 /sys/power/state
chmod 0660 /sys/power/wake_lock
chmod 0660 /sys/power/wake_unlock
chown system system /sys/class/leds/flashlight/brightness
chmod 0664 /sys/class/leds/flashlight/brightness
chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/timer_rate
chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/timer_rate
chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/timer_slack
chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/timer_slack
chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/min_sample_time
chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/min_sample_time
chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/hispeed_freq
chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/hispeed_freq
chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/target_loads
chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/target_loads
chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/go_hispeed_load
chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/go_hispeed_load
chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/above_hispeed_delay
chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/above_hispeed_delay
chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/boost
chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/boost
chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/boostpulse
chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/input_boost
chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/input_boost
chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/boostpulse_duration
chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/boostpulse_duration
chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/io_is_busy
chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/io_is_busy
# Assume SMP uses shared cpufreq policy for all CPUs
chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq
chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq
chown system system /sys/class/timed_output/vibrator/enable
chown system system /sys/class/leds/keyboard-backlight/brightness
chown system system /sys/class/leds/lcd-backlight/brightness
chown system system /sys/class/leds/button-backlight/brightness
chown system system /sys/class/leds/jogball-backlight/brightness
chown system system /sys/class/leds/red/brightness
chown system system /sys/class/leds/green/brightness
chown system system /sys/class/leds/blue/brightness
chown system system /sys/class/leds/red/device/grpfreq
chown system system /sys/class/leds/red/device/grppwm
chown system system /sys/class/leds/red/device/blink
chown system system /sys/class/timed_output/vibrator/enable
chown system system /sys/class/timed_output/vibrator/pattern
chown system system /sys/module/sco/parameters/disable_esco
chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_wmem_min
chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_wmem_def
chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_wmem_max
chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_rmem_min
chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_rmem_def
chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_rmem_max
chown root radio /proc/cmdline
chmod 0444 /proc/cmdline
# Set these so we can remotely update SELinux policy
chown system system /sys/fs/selinux/load
chown system system /sys/fs/selinux/enforce
#----AKM8963 sysfs entry----
chown system system /sys/class/compass/akm8963/enable_mag
chown system system /sys/class/compass/akm8963/delay_mag
# Define TCP buffer sizes for various networks
# ReadMin, ReadInitial, ReadMax, WriteMin, WriteInitial, WriteMax,
setprop net.tcp.buffersize.default 4096,87380,110208,4096,16384,110208
setprop net.tcp.buffersize.wifi 524288,1048576,2097152,262144,524288,1048576
setprop net.tcp.buffersize.lte 524288,1048576,2097152,262144,524288,1048576
setprop net.tcp.buffersize.umts 4094,87380,110208,4096,16384,110208
setprop net.tcp.buffersize.hspa 4094,87380,262144,4096,16384,262144
setprop net.tcp.buffersize.hsupa 4094,87380,262144,4096,16384,262144
setprop net.tcp.buffersize.hsdpa 4094,87380,262144,4096,16384,262144
setprop net.tcp.buffersize.hspap 4094,87380,1220608,4096,16384,1220608
setprop net.tcp.buffersize.edge 4093,26280,35040,4096,16384,35040
setprop net.tcp.buffersize.gprs 4092,8760,11680,4096,8760,11680
setprop net.tcp.buffersize.evdo 4094,87380,262144,4096,16384,262144
class_start core
class_start main
class_start late_start
on charger
mount ext4 /dev/block/platform/sdhci-tegra.3/by-name/system /system wait ro barrier=1
setprop sys.usb.config adb
write /sys/kernel/cluster/immediate 1
write /sys/kernel/cluster/force 1
write /sys/kernel/cluster/active lp
write /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor userspace
write /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_setspeed 51000
write /sys/class/input/input1/enabled 0
class_start charger
on property:vold.decrypt=trigger_reset_main
class_reset main
on property:vold.decrypt=trigger_load_persist_props
load_persist_props
on property:vold.decrypt=trigger_post_fs_data
trigger post-fs-data
on property:vold.decrypt=trigger_restart_min_framework
class_start main
on property:vold.decrypt=trigger_restart_framework
class_start main
class_start late_start
on property:vold.decrypt=trigger_shutdown_framework
class_reset late_start
class_reset main
on property:sys.powerctl=*
powerctl ${sys.powerctl}
# system server cannot write to /proc/sys files, so proxy it through init
on property:sys.sysctl.extra_free_kbytes=*
write /proc/sys/vm/extra_free_kbytes ${sys.sysctl.extra_free_kbytes}
## Daemon processes to be run by init.
##
service ueventd /sbin/ueventd
class core
critical
seclabel u:r:ueventd:s0
service healthd /sbin/healthd
class core
critical
seclabel u:r:healthd:s0
service healthd-charger /sbin/healthd -n
class charger
critical
seclabel u:r:healthd:s0
on property:selinux.reload_policy=1
restart ueventd
restart installd
service console /system/bin/sh
class core
console
disabled
user shell
group log
on property:ro.debuggable=1
start console
# adbd is controlled via property triggers in init.<platform>.usb.rc
service adbd /sbin/adbd
class core
socket adbd stream 660 system system
disabled
seclabel u:r:adbd:s0
# mdbd is controlled via property triggers in init.<platform>.usb.rc
service mdbd /sbin/mdbd
class core
socket mdbd stream 660 system system
disabled
seclabel u:r:mdbd:s0
# adbd on at boot in emulator
on property:ro.kernel.qemu=1
start adbd
service servicemanager /system/bin/servicemanager
class core
user system
group system
critical
onrestart restart healthd
onrestart restart zygote
onrestart restart media
onrestart restart surfaceflinger
onrestart restart drm
service vold /system/bin/vold
class core
socket vold stream 0660 root mount
ioprio be 2
service akmd /system/bin/akmd8963
class core
user system
group system misc input
service netd /system/bin/netd
class main
socket netd stream 0660 root system
socket dnsproxyd stream 0660 root inet
socket mdns stream 0660 root system
service debuggerd /system/bin/debuggerd
class main
service ril-daemon /system/bin/rild
class main
socket rild stream 660 root radio
socket rild-debug stream 660 radio system
user root
group radio cache inet misc audio log
disabled
service surfaceflinger /system/bin/surfaceflinger
class main
user system
group graphics drmrpc
onrestart restart zygote
service zygote /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server
class main
socket zygote stream 660 root system
onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake
onrestart write /sys/power/state on
onrestart restart media
onrestart restart netd
service drm /system/bin/drmserver
class main
user drm
group drm system inet drmrpc
service media /system/bin/mediaserver
class main
user media
group audio camera inet net_bt net_bt_admin net_bw_acct drmrpc mediadrm radio
ioprio rt 4
service bootanim /system/bin/bootanimation
class main
user graphics
group graphics
disabled
oneshot
service installd /system/bin/installd
class main
socket installd stream 600 system system
service flash_recovery /system/etc/install-recovery.sh
class main
oneshot
service racoon /system/bin/racoon
class main
socket racoon stream 600 system system
# IKE uses UDP port 500. Racoon will setuid to vpn after binding the port.
group vpn net_admin inet
disabled
oneshot
service mtpd /system/bin/mtpd
class main
socket mtpd stream 600 system system
user vpn
group vpn net_admin inet net_raw
disabled
oneshot
service keystore /system/bin/keystore /data/misc/keystore
class main
user keystore
group keystore drmrpc
service dumpstate /system/bin/dumpstate -s
class main
socket dumpstate stream 0660 shell log
disabled
oneshot
service otad /bin/otad
class main
socket otad stream 0660 updater updater
seclabel u:r:otad:s0
service sshd /system/bin/start-ssh
class main
disabled
service mdnsd /system/bin/mdnsd
class main
user mdnsr
group inet net_raw
socket mdnsd stream 0660 mdnsr inet
disabled
oneshot
import /init.miui.rc
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