Linux 2.6字符设备驱动程序样例

写这些东西还真是花时间啊，继续昨天的内容。

我写驱动的时候总希望能找到一个样例参考一下，可惜网上的例子基本找不到。还好友善之臂的文档里有些例子，但是说的很不详细，要是直接输入会有很多的编译错误。我的这个例子是一个控制LED的例子，用Linux就控制LED，当然是相当的弱智的哈哈。我用的是S3C2410，LED连接在GPB7~10上，灌电流方式驱动，IO配置寄存器GPBCON的物理地址0x56000010，IO数据寄存器GPBDAT的物理地址0x56000014。程序中的几个关键点，在我昨天的BLOG中有叙述。

首先编写一个叫做leds_test.c的文件，内容如下：

#include <linux/config.h>

#include <linux/fs.h>

#include <linux/module.h>

#include <linux/errno.h>

#include <linux/kernel.h>

#include <linux/init.h>

//Please configure your kernel first to use the following headers, because the directory "asm" is a short cut to your arch's "asm" directory.

//So do the headers in the "hardware" sub directory.

#include <asm/io.h> //This header is for ioremap(), iounmap().

#include <asm/uaccess.h> //This header is for get_user(), put_user().

#define NAME "led_test"

MODULE_AUTHOR("Lu Xianzi < cosine@126.com>"); //This line and the following 4 lines can be omitted.

MODULE_DESCRIPTION("LED Test Driver");

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

module_param(major, int, 0);

MODULE_PARM_DESC(major, "Major device number");

static int major = 231; //Define device major

unsigned long * pREG; //Definition of register base.

static ssize_t led_test_write(struct file *file, const char __user *data, size_t len, loff_t *ppos)

{

char buf[256];

size_t i;

for (i = 0; i < len && i < 254; i++)

if (get_user(buf[i], data + i))

return -EFAULT;



buf[i] = '/0';

printk("LED Test - write: user_data %s/n", buf);

return (len < 255 ? len : 255);

}

static ssize_t led_test_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t len, loff_t *ppos)

{

char rbuf[4];

size_t i;

long tmp;



tmp = * (volatile unsigned long *)(pREG + 1);

rbuf[0] = tmp % 256;

rbuf[1] = (tmp >> 8) % 256;

rbuf[2] = (tmp >> 16) % 256;

rbuf[3] = (tmp >> 24) % 256;



if (len > 4)

return 0;

for (i = 0; i < len && i < 4; i++)

if (put_user(rbuf[i], buf + i))

return -EFAULT;

printk("LED Test - read/n");

return (len < 4 ? len : 4);

}

static int led_test_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)

{

unsigned long tmp;

printk("LED Test - ioctl: param %u %lu/n", cmd, arg);

switch (cmd)

{

case 0:

case 1:

if (arg > 3)

return -EINVAL;

if (!cmd)

* (volatile unsigned long *)(pREG + 1) |= (0x80 << arg);

else

* (volatile unsigned long *)(pREG + 1) &= ~(0x80 << arg);

tmp = * (volatile unsigned long *)pREG;

printk("GPBCON = 0x%lx/n", tmp);

tmp = * (volatile unsigned long *)(pREG + 1);

printk("GPBDAT = 0x%lx/n", tmp);

break;

default:

return -EINVAL;

}

return 1;

}

static int led_test_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)

{

unsigned m = iminor(inode);

if (m > 63)

return -EINVAL;

printk("LED Test driver opened!/n");

return nonseekable_open(inode, file);

}

static int led_test_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)

{

printk("LED Test driver released!/n");

return 0;

}

static struct file_operations led_test_fops = {

.owner = THIS_MODULE,

.ioctl = led_test_ioctl,

.write = led_test_write,

.read = led_test_read,

.open = led_test_open,

.release = led_test_release,

};

static int __init led_test_init(void)

{

int ret;

unsigned long tmp;



printk("LXZ LED Test Driver./n");

ret = register_chrdev(major, NAME, &led_test_fops);

if (ret < 0) {

printk("Unable to register character device!/n");

return ret;

}

pREG = ioremap(0x56000010, 0x20);

printk("Virtual addr base = 0x%lx/n", (unsigned long)pREG);

tmp = * (volatile unsigned long *)pREG;

printk("GPBCON = 0x%lx/n", tmp);

tmp = * (volatile unsigned long *)(pREG + 1);

printk("GPBDAT = 0x%lx/n", tmp);

printk("Seting LED Test Driver.../n");

* (volatile unsigned long *)pREG = 0x155555;

* (volatile unsigned long *)(pREG + 1) = 0xfff;

tmp = * (volatile unsigned long *)pREG;

printk("GPBCON = 0x%lx/n", tmp);

tmp = * (volatile unsigned long *)(pREG + 1);

printk("GPBDAT = 0x%lx/n", tmp);

printk("LED Test Driver initiated./n");

return 0;

}

static void __exit led_test_cleanup(void)

{

int ret;



iounmap(pREG);



ret = unregister_chrdev(major, NAME);

if (ret < 0)

printk("Unable to register character device!/n");

else

printk("LED Test Driver unloaded!");

}

module_init(led_test_init);

module_exit(led_test_cleanup);

在驱动程序的目录下建立一个名为“Makefile”的文件，其内容只有一行：

obj-m := leds_test.o

编译之，我的linux内核存在/home/lxz/linux-2.6.11.7，所以编译命令为

make -k -C /home/lxz/linux-2.6.11.7 SUBDIRS=$PWD modules

编译后生成几个文件，其中leds_test.ko是我们需要的驱动模块。

然后在另外一个目录中编写一个叫做leds.c的文件，其内容如下

#include <stdio.h>

#include <fcntl.h>



int main(int argc, char **argv)

{

int fd;

int on, led_no;

char buf[256] = {"1234567890"};

unsigned long tmp;



if (argc != 3 || sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &led_no) != 1 || sscanf(argv[2], "%d", &on) != 1 || on < 0 || on > 1 || led_no < 0 || led_no >3)

{

fprintf(stderr, "Usage: leds led_no 0|1/n");

exit(1);

}



fd = open("/dev/leds", O_RDWR);

if (fd < 0)

{

perror("open device leds");

exit(1);

}



ioctl(fd, on, led_no);

write(fd, buf, 10);

read(fd, buf, 4);

tmp = buf[0] + (buf[1] << 8) + (buf[2] << 16) + (buf[3] << 24);

printf("User program read: GPBDAT = 0x%lx/n", tmp);

close(fd);



return 0;

}



编译之，输入

arm-linux-gcc -o leds leds.c

然后把生成的leds_test.ko和leds这2个文件拷贝到你的文件系统中，如/home下，启动Linux。之后的过程如下：

/ # cd /home

/home # insmod leds_test.ko

Lxz LED Test Driver.

Virtual addr base = 0xc485e010

GPBCON = 0x44555

GPBDAT = 0x540

Seting LED Test Driver...

GPBCON = 0x155555

GPBDAT = 0x7ff

LED Test Driver initiated.

/home # mknod /dev/leds c 231 0

/home # ./leds 0 1

LED Test driver opened!

LED Test - ioctl: param 1 0

GPBCON = 0x155555

GPBDAT = 0x77f

LED Test - write: user_data 1234567890

LED Test - read

User proLED Test driver released!

gram read: GPBDAT = 0x77f

/home #

这里有个非常有趣的事情，你会发现内核的printk函数比客户程序的printf函数打印时出现一些混乱，我想应该是因为Linux不是一个实时系统，内核和用户程序分时执行的结果。

如果要卸载驱动模块，如下：

/ # rmmod leds_test

LED Test Driver unloaded!

/ #