Java代理

Java代理

代理可以理解为委托，委托别人帮你完成某种事情。
代理分为静态代理、动态代理两种。“静态”和”动态“区别主要在于前者需要手写代理类，后者的代理类为运行时在内存中生成。当然，这不是两者的核心区别。

---

静态代理

被代理类 Actor.java

package main.java;

public class Actor {

    private  String name;
    private int age;

    public Actor(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Actor() {
    }

    public void play(){
        System.out.println(name+"  is playing");
    }
}

代理类 ActorProxy.java

package main.java;

public class ActorProxy {


    private Actor actor;

    public ActorProxy() {
        this.actor = new Actor("袁朗", 30);
    }


    public ActorProxy(Actor actor) {
        this.actor = actor;
    }

    public void play() {
        System.out.println("ActorProxy.play()");
        actor.play();
    }
}

测试类 Main.java

package main.java;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //默认被代理对象
        ActorProxy actorProxy=new ActorProxy();
        actorProxy.play();

        //手动指定被代理对象
        ActorProxy actorProxy1=new ActorProxy(new Actor("高城",29));
        actorProxy1.play();
    }
}

输出

更一般的做法是，代理类和被代理类继承同一个接口，代理类中明确被代理对象的类型如这样：

接口，被代理类和代理类都要实现

package main.java;

public interface DoJob {
    void play();
}

被代理类 Actor.java 实现DoJob接口

package main.java;

public class Actor implements  DoJob {

    private  String name;
    private int age;

    public Actor(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Actor() {
    }

    @Override
    public void play() {

        System.out.println(name+"  is playing");
    }
}

代理类 ActorProxy.java 实现DoJob接口

package main.java;

public class ActorProxy implements  DoJob{

    private  DoJob doJob;

    public ActorProxy(DoJob doJob) {
        this.doJob =doJob;
    }

    public void play() {
        System.out.println("ActorProxy.play()");
        doJob.play();
    }
}

package main.java;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //被代理对象
        Actor actor=new Actor("高城",29);

        //代理对象
        ActorProxy actorProxy=new ActorProxy(actor);
        actorProxy.play();
    }
}

结果

与上面的主要区别在于代理类和被代理类实现了共同的接口。实现共同的接口是必要的，Actor能play，ActorProxy代理Actor后，仍然需要向外提供play方法，站在调用者角度，两者没什么区别。

动态代理

静态代理的麻烦之处在于，需要手动实现代理对象，并往往需要手动在代理对象中添加与被代理对象相同的许多方法。动态代理会自动帮我们生成代理对象，拦截对被代理对象的请求。这是静态与动态的主要

接口 DoJob.java

package main.java;

public interface DoJob {
    void play();
}

被代理类 Actor.java

package main.java;

public class Actor implements DoJob {

    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Actor(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public void play() {
        System.out.println(name + "  is playing");
    }
}

拦截器 PlayHandler.java 继承InvocationHandler.java

package main.java;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class PlayHandler implements InvocationHandler {

    private  Object object;

    public PlayHandler(Object object) {
        this.object = object;
    }

    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {

        System.out.println("before calling play()");
        Object res=method.invoke(object,args);
        System.out.println("after calling play()");

        return  res;
    }
}

package main.java;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

//被代理对象
       DoJob actor=new Actor("伍六一",24);
//“拦截器”
       PlayHandler playHandler=new PlayHandler(actor);

//动态生成代理类
       DoJob actorProxy= (DoJob) Proxy.newProxyInstance(actor.getClass().getClassLoader(),actor.getClass().getInterfaces(),
               playHandler);

//与直接访问被代理类方式相同，但暗地里方法被代理对象中的playHandler被拦截了       
       actorProxy.play();

    }
}

结果

无它，仅作备忘