分布式服务器，session的管理。

拿游戏服务器为例，每个session代表一个用户连接，常规方案中，对于世界聊天以及私聊等工作，都普遍采用遍历session集合方式，发送或者查找对应玩家的方式实现，严格意义上，其效率及对服务器性能形象并不大，但，考虑到量级以及分布式查询等，这种完全依靠遍历的方式并不合适。

以下面例子为实例对比传统遍历方式以及分层存储在存储，查询效率及性能上的对比。

 

package t;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 *
 * @author Vicky.H
 */
public final class SetTest {

   static final int maxuserid = 500000; // 游戏有50万个帐号
    static final int user_online = 50000; // 实际在线5万个帐号

    public static void TEST01(int id, String name,Set<User> users) {
        users.add(new User(id, name));

        int i = 0;
        long time0 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (User user : users) {
            i++;
            if (user.getId() == id) {
                System.out.println("found " + i);
                break;
            }
        }
        long time1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println(time1 - time0);
    }

    /**
     * 查询写入时间更快，适用与分布式
     * @param id
     * @param name
     * @param sessionManager 
     */
    public static void TEST02(int id, String name, SessionManager sessionManager) {
        sessionManager.addUser(new User(id, name));
        long time0 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        sessionManager.findUser(id);
        long time1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println(time1 - time0);
    }

    public static void main(String args[]) {
//        Set<User> users = new HashSet<User>();
//        for (int i = 0; i < user_online; i++) {
//            users.add(new User(i, UUID.randomUUID().toString()));
//        }
//        long time0 = System.currentTimeMillis();
//        for (int i = 50000; i < 55000; i++) { // 60%的CPU消耗
//            TEST01(i, "Vicky" ,users);
//        }
//        long time1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
//        System.out.println("time1 - time0 = " + (time1 - time0)); // 19312  19235  19266

        int prepare = 7 * 50000; // 预留7天X每天注册5万
        SessionManager sessionManager = new SessionManager(maxuserid, prepare, 20);
        for (int i = 0; i < user_online; i++) {
            sessionManager.addUser(new User(i * 10, UUID.randomUUID().toString()));
        }
        long time0 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++) { // 80%的CPU消耗 
            TEST02(i * 10, "Vicky" ,sessionManager);
        }
        long time1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("time1 - time0 = " + (time1 - time0)); // 2109  2000  1969

        /*
        int prepare = 7 * 50000; // 预留7天X每天注册5万
        SessionManager sessionManager = new SessionManager(maxuserid, prepare, 100);
        for (int i = 0; i < user_online; i++) {
            sessionManager.addUser(new User(i * 10, UUID.randomUUID().toString()));
        }
        TEST02(33001, "Vicky", sessionManager);
        TEST02(122001, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(78, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(272001, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(392001, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(422001, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(49901, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(149901, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(249901, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(349901, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(449901, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(429901, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(419901, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(309901, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(254901, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(123901, "Jack", sessionManager);
        System.out.println("----------");
        TEST02(sessionManager.getNum() - 1, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(sessionManager.getNum(), "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(sessionManager.getNum() + 1, "Jack", sessionManager);
        
        TEST02(sessionManager.getNum() * 20 - 1, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(sessionManager.getNum() * 20, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(sessionManager.getNum() * 20 + 1, "Jack", sessionManager);
        
        TEST02(sessionManager.getNum() * 21 - 1, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(sessionManager.getNum() * 21, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(sessionManager.getNum() * 21 + 1, "Jack", sessionManager);
        
        TEST02(sessionManager.getNum() * 49 - 1, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(sessionManager.getNum() * 49, "Jack", sessionManager);
        TEST02(sessionManager.getNum() * 49 + 1, "Jack", sessionManager);
         */
    }
}

final class User {

    private int id;
    private String username;

    public User(int id, String username) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
}

class SessionManager {

    private ArrayList<HashSet<User>> userss = new ArrayList<HashSet<User>>();
    private int num;

    /**
     * @param maxuserid 数据库中最大的帐号ID
     * @param prepare 预备注册数量
     * @param step 分层数量
     */
    public SessionManager(int maxuserid, int prepare, int step) {
        for (int i = 0; i < step; i++) {
            userss.add(new HashSet<User>());
        }
        num = (maxuserid + prepare) / step; // 总用户加上预留
    }

    public void addUser(User user) {
        userss.get(getIndex(user)).add(user);
    }

    public int getIndex(User user) {
        return user.getId() / num;
    }

    public void findUser(int id) {
        int index = id / num;
        System.out.println("index = " + index);
        Set<User> users = userss.get(index);
        int i = 0;
        for (User user : users) {
            i++;
            if (user.getId() == id) {
                System.out.println("found " + i);
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    public int getNum() {
        return num;
    }
    
}

通过这样的方式，对于世界聊天等内容，也可以分层发送，虽然层次之间牺牲掉了数据的及时性，但却对网络带宽及性能上更好，并且在分布式应用中加快了查询速度。