PackageManagerService启动流程源码解析

转载自：http://blog.csdn.net/u012124438/article/details/54882771

PackageManagerService，是Android系统中核心服务之一，管理着所有跟package相关的工作，常见的比如安装、卸载应用。 PKMS服务也是通过binder进行通信，IPackageManager.aidl由工具转换后自动生成binder的服务端IPackageManager.Stub和客户端IPackageManager.Stub.Proxy，具体关系如下：

Binder服务端：PackageManagerService继承于IPackageManager.Stub；
Binder客户端：ApplicationPackageManager(简称APM)的成员变量mPM继承于IPackageManager.Stub.Proxy; 本身APM是继承于PackageManager对象。

android系统启动过程中，一路启动到SystemServer后，便可以启动framework的各大服务，本篇博客将介绍PKMS的启动过程（基于安卓7.0源码）。

PackageManagerService的启动

SystemServer启动过程中涉及到的PKMS代码如下：

private void startBootstrapServices() {
    //启动installer服务
    Installer installer = mSystemServiceManager.startService(Installer.class);
    ...

    //处于加密状态则仅仅解析核心应用
    String cryptState = SystemProperties.get("vold.decrypt");
    if (ENCRYPTING_STATE.equals(cryptState)) {
        mOnlyCore = true; // ENCRYPTING_STATE = "trigger_restart_min_framework"
    } else if (ENCRYPTED_STATE.equals(cryptState)) {
        mOnlyCore = true; // ENCRYPTED_STATE = "1"
    }

    //创建PKMS对象
    mPackageManagerService = PackageManagerService.main(mSystemContext, installer,
                mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF, mOnlyCore);
    //PKMS是否首次启动
    mFirstBoot = mPackageManagerService.isFirstBoot();


    mPackageManager = mSystemContext.getPackageManager();
    ...
}
 
 
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PackageManagerService与其他所有的服务一样，也是由SystemServer启动，它也是Java层服务之一，PKMS.main()过程主要是创建PKMS服务，并注册到ServiceManager。

整个system_server进程启动过程，涉及PKMS服务的主要几个动作如下，接下来分别讲解每个过程
PKMS.main()
PKMS.performBootDexOpt
PKMS.systemReady

PKMS.main()

public static PackageManagerService main(Context context, Installer installer,
        boolean factoryTest, boolean onlyCore) {
    // Self-check for initial settings.
    PackageManagerServiceCompilerMapping.checkProperties();
    //构造一个包管理服务对象
    PackageManagerService m = new PackageManagerService(context, installer,
            factoryTest, onlyCore);
    m.enableSystemUserPackages();
    // Disable any carrier apps. We do this very early in boot to prevent the apps from being
    // disabled after already being started.
    CarrierAppUtils.disableCarrierAppsUntilPrivileged(context.getOpPackageName(), m,
            UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM);
    //将包管理服务对象添加到ServiceManager
    ServiceManager.addService("package", m);
    return m;
}
 
 
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该方法的主要功能创建PKMS对象，并将其注册到ServiceManager。 关于PKMS对象的构造方法很长，分为以下几个阶段，每个阶段会输出相应的EventLog： 除了阶段1的开头部分代码，后续代码都是同时持有同步锁mPackages和mInstallLock的过程中执行的。

阶段1：BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_START
阶段2：BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SYSTEM_SCAN_START
阶段3：BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_DATA_SCAN_START
阶段4：BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SCAN_END
阶段5：BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_READY

阶段1：BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_START

阶段1 PMS_START有两部分组成，由无需加锁的前部分和同时持有两个锁的后半部分，先来说说前半部分：
前半部分

//向事件日志写入事件，标识PackageManagerService启动
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_START,
        SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
//SDK版本检查
if (mSdkVersion <= 0) {
    Slog.w(TAG, "**** ro.build.version.sdk not set!");
}

mContext = context;
//开机模式是否为工厂模式
mFactoryTest = factoryTest;
//是否仅启动内核
mOnlyCore = onlyCore;
//构造DisplayMetrics对象以便获取尺寸数据
mMetrics = new DisplayMetrics();
//构造Settings对象存储运行时的设置信息
mSettings = new Settings(mPackages);
//添加一些用户uid
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.system", Process.SYSTEM_UID,
        ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM, ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED);
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.phone", RADIO_UID,
        ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM, ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED);
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.log", LOG_UID,
        ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM, ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED);
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.nfc", NFC_UID,
        ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM, ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED);
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.bluetooth", BLUETOOTH_UID,
        ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM, ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED);
mSettings.addSharedUserLPw("android.uid.shell", SHELL_UID,
        ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM, ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED);
//判断是否在不同的进程
String separateProcesses = SystemProperties.get("debug.separate_processes");
if (separateProcesses != null && separateProcesses.length() > 0) {
    if ("*".equals(separateProcesses)) {
        mDefParseFlags = PackageParser.PARSE_IGNORE_PROCESSES;
        mSeparateProcesses = null;
        Slog.w(TAG, "Running with debug.separate_processes: * (ALL)");
    } else {
        mDefParseFlags = 0;
        mSeparateProcesses = separateProcesses.split(",");
        Slog.w(TAG, "Running with debug.separate_processes: "
                + separateProcesses);
    }
} else {
    mDefParseFlags = 0;
    mSeparateProcesses = null;
}
//installer由SystemServer构造，这里通过该对象与底层进行通信，进行具体安装与卸载的操作
mInstaller = installer;
//创建PackageDexOptimizer，该类用于辅助进行dex优化
mPackageDexOptimizer = new PackageDexOptimizer(installer, mInstallLock, context,
        "*dexopt*");
mMoveCallbacks = new MoveCallbacks(FgThread.get().getLooper());

mOnPermissionChangeListeners = new OnPermissionChangeListeners(
        FgThread.get().getLooper());

getDefaultDisplayMetrics(context, mMetrics);
//获取系统配置信息
SystemConfig systemConfig = SystemConfig.getInstance();
mGlobalGids = systemConfig.getGlobalGids();
mSystemPermissions = systemConfig.getSystemPermissions();
mAvailableFeatures = systemConfig.getAvailableFeatures();
 
 
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接下来，再来看看后半部分：

synchronized (mInstallLock) {
// writer
synchronized (mPackages) {
    //启动消息处理线程
    mHandlerThread = new ServiceThread(TAG,
            Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND, true /*allowIo*/);
    mHandlerThread.start();
    //通过消息处理线程的Looper对象构造一个处理消息的Handler对象
    mHandler = new PackageHandler(mHandlerThread.getLooper());
    mProcessLoggingHandler = new ProcessLoggingHandler();
    //使用看门狗检测当前消息处理线程
    Watchdog.getInstance().addThread(mHandler, WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT);
    //获取当前的Data目录
    File dataDir = Environment.getDataDirectory();
    mAppInstallDir = new File(dataDir, "app");
    mAppLib32InstallDir = new File(dataDir, "app-lib");
    mEphemeralInstallDir = new File(dataDir, "app-ephemeral");
    mAsecInternalPath = new File(dataDir, "app-asec").getPath();
    mDrmAppPrivateInstallDir = new File(dataDir, "app-private");
    //构造UserManagerService对象,创建用户管理服务
    sUserManager = new UserManagerService(context, this, mPackages);

    // Propagate permission configuration in to package manager.
    //读取权限配置文件中的信息，保存到mPermissions这个ArrayMap中
    ArrayMap<String, SystemConfig.PermissionEntry> permConfig
            = systemConfig.getPermissions();
    for (int i=0; i<permConfig.size(); i++) {
        SystemConfig.PermissionEntry perm = permConfig.valueAt(i);
        BasePermission bp = mSettings.mPermissions.get(perm.name);
        if (bp == null) {
            bp = new BasePermission(perm.name, "android", BasePermission.TYPE_BUILTIN);
            mSettings.mPermissions.put(perm.name, bp);
        }
        if (perm.gids != null) {
            bp.setGids(perm.gids, perm.perUser);
        }
    }
    //获取所有外部lib
    ArrayMap<String, String> libConfig = systemConfig.getSharedLibraries();
    for (int i=0; i<libConfig.size(); i++) {
        mSharedLibraries.put(libConfig.keyAt(i),
                new SharedLibraryEntry(libConfig.valueAt(i), null));
    }
    //尝试读取mac_permissions.xml并解析
    mFoundPolicyFile = SELinuxMMAC.readInstallPolicy();
    //读取并解析packages-backup.xml等文件
    mRestoredSettings = mSettings.readLPw(sUserManager.getUsers(false));
    //判断是否自定义的解析界面
    String customResolverActivity = Resources.getSystem().getString(
            R.string.config_customResolverActivity);
    if (TextUtils.isEmpty(customResolverActivity)) {
        customResolverActivity = null;
    } else {
        mCustomResolverComponentName = ComponentName.unflattenFromString(
                customResolverActivity);
    }
    ................
}
 
 
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这个过程涉及的几个重要变量：

创建Settings

在阶段1中创建了Settings对象，我们看看里面做了什么

Settings(File dataDir, Object lock) {
    mLock = lock;

    mRuntimePermissionsPersistence = new RuntimePermissionPersistence(mLock);

    mSystemDir = new File(dataDir, "system");
    mSystemDir.mkdirs();//创建/data/system
    FileUtils.setPermissions(mSystemDir.toString(),
            FileUtils.S_IRWXU|FileUtils.S_IRWXG
            |FileUtils.S_IROTH|FileUtils.S_IXOTH,
            -1, -1);
    mSettingsFilename = new File(mSystemDir, "packages.xml");
    mBackupSettingsFilename = new File(mSystemDir, "packages-backup.xml");
    mPackageListFilename = new File(mSystemDir, "packages.list");
    FileUtils.setPermissions(mPackageListFilename, 0640, SYSTEM_UID, PACKAGE_INFO_GID);

    final File kernelDir = new File("/config/sdcardfs");
    mKernelMappingFilename = kernelDir.exists() ? kernelDir : null;

    // Deprecated: Needed for migration
    mStoppedPackagesFilename = new File(mSystemDir, "packages-stopped.xml");
    mBackupStoppedPackagesFilename = new File(mSystemDir, "packages-stopped-backup.xml");
}
 
 
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此处mSystemDir是指目录/data/system，在该目录有以下5个文件：

SystemConfig
阶段1中还调用SystemConfig.getInstance()方法来获取SystemConfig

public static SystemConfig getInstance() {
    synchronized (SystemConfig.class) {
        if (sInstance == null) {
            sInstance = new SystemConfig();
        }
        return sInstance;
    }
}
 
 
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SystemConfig() {
    // Read configuration from system
    readPermissions(Environment.buildPath(
            Environment.getRootDirectory(), "etc", "sysconfig"), ALLOW_ALL);
    // Read configuration from the old permissions dir
    readPermissions(Environment.buildPath(
            Environment.getRootDirectory(), "etc", "permissions"), ALLOW_ALL);
    // Allow ODM to customize system configs around libs, features and apps
    int odmPermissionFlag = ALLOW_LIBS | ALLOW_FEATURES | ALLOW_APP_CONFIGS;
    readPermissions(Environment.buildPath(
            Environment.getOdmDirectory(), "etc", "sysconfig"), odmPermissionFlag);
    readPermissions(Environment.buildPath(
            Environment.getOdmDirectory(), "etc", "permissions"), odmPermissionFlag);
    // Only allow OEM to customize features
    readPermissions(Environment.buildPath(
            Environment.getOemDirectory(), "etc", "sysconfig"), ALLOW_FEATURES);
    readPermissions(Environment.buildPath(
            Environment.getOemDirectory(), "etc", "permissions"), ALLOW_FEATURES);
}
 
 
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readPermissions()解析指定目录下的所有xml文件，比如将标签所指的动态库保存到 PKMS的成员变量mSharedLibraries。可见，SystemConfig创建过程是对以下这六个目录中的所有xml进行解析:
/system/etc/sysconfig
/system/etc/permissions
/odm/etc/sysconfig
/odm/etc/permissions
/oem/etc/sysconfig
/oem/etc/permissions

SystemConfig.readPermissions

void readPermissions(File libraryDir, int permissionFlag) {
    // Read permissions from given directory.
    if (!libraryDir.exists() || !libraryDir.isDirectory()) {
        if (permissionFlag == ALLOW_ALL) {
            Slog.w(TAG, "No directory " + libraryDir + ", skipping");
        }
        return;
    }
    if (!libraryDir.canRead()) {
        Slog.w(TAG, "Directory " + libraryDir + " cannot be read");
        return;
    }

    // Iterate over the files in the directory and scan .xml files
    File platformFile = null;
    for (File f : libraryDir.listFiles()) {
        // We'll read platform.xml last
        if (f.getPath().endsWith("etc/permissions/platform.xml")) {
            platformFile = f;
            continue;
        }

        if (!f.getPath().endsWith(".xml")) {
            Slog.i(TAG, "Non-xml file " + f + " in " + libraryDir + " directory, ignoring");
            continue;
        }
        if (!f.canRead()) {
            Slog.w(TAG, "Permissions library file " + f + " cannot be read");
            continue;
        }

        readPermissionsFromXml(f, permissionFlag);
    }

    // Read platform permissions last so it will take precedence
    if (platformFile != null) {
        readPermissionsFromXml(platformFile, permissionFlag);
    }
}
 
 
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该方法是解析指定目录下所有的具有可读权限的，且以xml后缀文件。

阶段2：BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SYSTEM_SCAN_START

 //标记扫描开始的时间
            long startTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
            //将扫描开始的事件写入日志
            EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SYSTEM_SCAN_START,
                    startTime);

            // Set flag to monitor and not change apk file paths when
            // scanning install directories.
            //设置扫描的模式
            final int scanFlags = SCAN_NO_PATHS | SCAN_DEFER_DEX | SCAN_BOOTING | SCAN_INITIAL;
            //获取java启动类库的路径
            final String bootClassPath = System.getenv("BOOTCLASSPATH");
            //获取systemServer的路径
            final String systemServerClassPath = System.getenv("SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH");

            if (bootClassPath == null) {
                Slog.w(TAG, "No BOOTCLASSPATH found!");
            }

            if (systemServerClassPath == null) {
                Slog.w(TAG, "No SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH found!");
            }

            final List<String> allInstructionSets = InstructionSets.getAllInstructionSets();
            final String[] dexCodeInstructionSets =
                    getDexCodeInstructionSets(
                            allInstructionSets.toArray(new String[allInstructionSets.size()]));

            /**
             * Ensure all external libraries have had dexopt run on them.
             */
            //确保所有的外部lib都被dexopt优化
            if (mSharedLibraries.size() > 0) {
                // NOTE: For now, we're compiling these system "shared libraries"
                // (and framework jars) into all available architectures. It's possible
                // to compile them only when we come across an app that uses them (there's
                // already logic for that in scanPackageLI) but that adds some complexity.
                for (String dexCodeInstructionSet : dexCodeInstructionSets) {
                    for (SharedLibraryEntry libEntry : mSharedLibraries.values()) {
                        final String lib = libEntry.path;
                        if (lib == null) {
                            continue;
                        }

                        try {
                            // Shared libraries do not have profiles so we perform a full
                            // AOT compilation (if needed).
                            int dexoptNeeded = DexFile.getDexOptNeeded(
                                    lib, dexCodeInstructionSet,
                                    getCompilerFilterForReason(REASON_SHARED_APK),
                                    false /* newProfile */);
                            if (dexoptNeeded != DexFile.NO_DEXOPT_NEEDED) {
                                mInstaller.dexopt(lib, Process.SYSTEM_UID, dexCodeInstructionSet,
                                        dexoptNeeded, DEXOPT_PUBLIC /*dexFlags*/,
                                        getCompilerFilterForReason(REASON_SHARED_APK),
                                        StorageManager.UUID_PRIVATE_INTERNAL,
                                        SKIP_SHARED_LIBRARY_CHECK);
                            }
                        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                            Slog.w(TAG, "Library not found: " + lib);
                        } catch (IOException | InstallerException e) {
                            Slog.w(TAG, "Cannot dexopt " + lib + "; is it an APK or JAR? "
                                    + e.getMessage());
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            File frameworkDir = new File(Environment.getRootDirectory(), "framework");

            final VersionInfo ver = mSettings.getInternalVersion();
            mIsUpgrade = !Build.FINGERPRINT.equals(ver.fingerprint);

            // when upgrading from pre-M, promote system app permissions from install to runtime
            mPromoteSystemApps =
                    mIsUpgrade && ver.sdkVersion <= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP_MR1;

            // When upgrading from pre-N, we need to handle package extraction like first boot,
            // as there is no profiling data available.
            mIsPreNUpgrade = mIsUpgrade && ver.sdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.N;

            // save off the names of pre-existing system packages prior to scanning; we don't
            // want to automatically grant runtime permissions for new system apps
            if (mPromoteSystemApps) {
                Iterator<PackageSetting> pkgSettingIter = mSettings.mPackages.values().iterator();
                while (pkgSettingIter.hasNext()) {
                    PackageSetting ps = pkgSettingIter.next();
                    if (isSystemApp(ps)) {
                        mExistingSystemPackages.add(ps.name);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Collect vendor overlay packages.
            // (Do this before scanning any apps.)
            // For security and version matching reason, only consider
            // overlay packages if they reside in VENDOR_OVERLAY_DIR.
            //收集供应商包名：/vendor/overlay
            File vendorOverlayDir = new File(VENDOR_OVERLAY_DIR);
            scanDirTracedLI(vendorOverlayDir, mDefParseFlags
                    | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM
                    | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM_DIR
                    | PackageParser.PARSE_TRUSTED_OVERLAY, scanFlags | SCAN_TRUSTED_OVERLAY, 0);

            // Find base frameworks (resource packages without code).
            //扫描frameworkDir目录下的apk进行安装，扫描模式为非优化模式
            scanDirTracedLI(frameworkDir, mDefParseFlags
                    | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM
                    | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM_DIR
                    | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_PRIVILEGED,
                    scanFlags | SCAN_NO_DEX, 0);

            // Collected privileged system packages.
            final File privilegedAppDir = new File(Environment.getRootDirectory(), "priv-app");
            scanDirTracedLI(privilegedAppDir, mDefParseFlags
                    | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM
                    | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM_DIR
                    | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_PRIVILEGED, scanFlags, 0);

            // Collect ordinary system packages.
            final File systemAppDir = new File(Environment.getRootDirectory(), "app");
            scanDirTracedLI(systemAppDir, mDefParseFlags
                    | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM
                    | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM_DIR, scanFlags, 0);

            // Collect all vendor packages.
            File vendorAppDir = new File("/vendor/app");
            try {
                vendorAppDir = vendorAppDir.getCanonicalFile();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // failed to look up canonical path, continue with original one
            }
            scanDirTracedLI(vendorAppDir, mDefParseFlags
                    | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM
                    | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM_DIR, scanFlags, 0);

            // Collect all OEM packages.
            final File oemAppDir = new File(Environment.getOemDirectory(), "app");
            scanDirTracedLI(oemAppDir, mDefParseFlags
                    | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM
                    | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM_DIR, scanFlags, 0);

            // Prune any system packages that no longer exist.
            //构造一个List来存放不存在的packages路径
            final List<String> possiblyDeletedUpdatedSystemApps = new ArrayList<String>();
            if (!mOnlyCore) {
                //遍历mSettings.mPackages
                Iterator<PackageSetting> psit = mSettings.mPackages.values().iterator();
                while (psit.hasNext()) {
                    PackageSetting ps = psit.next();

                    /*
                     * If this is not a system app, it can't be a
                     * disable system app.
                     */
                    //如果不是系统app，不处理
                    if ((ps.pkgFlags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM) == 0) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    /*
                     * If the package is scanned, it's not erased.
                     */
                    final PackageParser.Package scannedPkg = mPackages.get(ps.name);
                    if (scannedPkg != null) {
                        /*
                         * If the system app is both scanned and in the
                         * disabled packages list, then it must have been
                         * added via OTA. Remove it from the currently
                         * scanned package so the previously user-installed
                         * application can be scanned.
                         */
                        //如果在disable列表中，那么，说明它是通过OTA方式进行升级更新添加的，因此，清楚相应数据
                        if (mSettings.isDisabledSystemPackageLPr(ps.name)) {
                            logCriticalInfo(Log.WARN, "Expecting better updated system app for "
                                    + ps.name + "; removing system app.  Last known codePath="
                                    + ps.codePathString + ", installStatus=" + ps.installStatus
                                    + ", versionCode=" + ps.versionCode + "; scanned versionCode="
                                    + scannedPkg.mVersionCode);
                            //移除其信息
                            removePackageLI(scannedPkg, true);
                            mExpectingBetter.put(ps.name, ps.codePath);
                        }

                        continue;
                    }
                    //如果不在disable列表中，则直接清楚相应的数据
                    if (!mSettings.isDisabledSystemPackageLPr(ps.name)) {
                        psit.remove();
                        logCriticalInfo(Log.WARN, "System package " + ps.name
                                + " no longer exists; it's data will be wiped");
                        // Actual deletion of code and data will be handled by later
                        // reconciliation step
                    } else {
                        //否则，通过codePath判断其是否有可能被更新或删除
                        final PackageSetting disabledPs = mSettings.getDisabledSystemPkgLPr(ps.name);
                        if (disabledPs.codePath == null || !disabledPs.codePath.exists()) {
                            possiblyDeletedUpdatedSystemApps.add(ps.name);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            //look for any incomplete package installations
            //获取未完成安装的apk包的PackageSetting列表
            ArrayList<PackageSetting> deletePkgsList = mSettings.getListOfIncompleteInstallPackagesLPr();
            //清除未安装的安装包
            for (int i = 0; i < deletePkgsList.size(); i++) {
                // Actual deletion of code and data will be handled by later
                // reconciliation step
                final String packageName = deletePkgsList.get(i).name;
                logCriticalInfo(Log.WARN, "Cleaning up incompletely installed app: " + packageName);
                synchronized (mPackages) {
                    mSettings.removePackageLPw(packageName);
                }
            }

            //delete tmp files
            //清除临时文件
            deleteTempPackageFiles();

            // Remove any shared userIDs that have no associated packages
            //清除在mSettings中没有被使用的SharedUserSettings
            mSettings.pruneSharedUsersLPw();
 
 
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环境变量: 那可通过adb shell env来查看系统所有的环境变量及相应值。也可通过命令adb shell echo $SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH。
SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH：主要包括/system/framework目录下services.jar，ethernet-service.jar，wifi-service.jar这3个文件。
BOOTCLASSPATH：该环境变量内容较多，不同ROM可能有所不同，常见内容包含/system/framework目录下的framework.jar，ext.jar，core-libart.jar，telephony-common.jar，ims-common.jar，core-junit.jar等文件。

scanDirLI(): 扫描指定目录下的apk文件，最终调用PackageParser.parseBaseApk来完成AndroidManifest.xml文件的解析，生成Application, activity,service,broadcast, provider等信息。
/vendor/overlay
/system/framework
/system/priv-app
/system/app
/vendor/priv-app
/vendor/app
/oem/app

阶段3：BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_DATA_SCAN_START

// Remove any shared userIDs that have no associated packages
//清除在mSettings中没有被使用的SharedUserSettings
mSettings.pruneSharedUsersLPw();
//如果是普通模式，则需要进行一些额外处理
if (!mOnlyCore) {
    EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_DATA_SCAN_START,
            SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
    //扫描该目录
    scanDirTracedLI(mAppInstallDir, 0, scanFlags | SCAN_REQUIRE_KNOWN, 0);

    scanDirTracedLI(mDrmAppPrivateInstallDir, mDefParseFlags
            | PackageParser.PARSE_FORWARD_LOCK,
            scanFlags | SCAN_REQUIRE_KNOWN, 0);

    scanDirLI(mEphemeralInstallDir, mDefParseFlags
            | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_EPHEMERAL,
            scanFlags | SCAN_REQUIRE_KNOWN, 0);

    /**
     * Remove disable package settings for any updated system
     * apps that were removed via an OTA. If they're not a
     * previously-updated app, remove them completely.
     * Otherwise, just revoke their system-level permissions.
     */
    //后面这部分代码逻辑简单，就是遍历possiblyDeletedUpdatedSystemApps，处理通过OTA更新和删除的APK文件
    for (String deletedAppName : possiblyDeletedUpdatedSystemApps) {
        PackageParser.Package deletedPkg = mPackages.get(deletedAppName);
        mSettings.removeDisabledSystemPackageLPw(deletedAppName);

        String msg;
        if (deletedPkg == null) {
            msg = "Updated system package " + deletedAppName
                    + " no longer exists; it's data will be wiped";
            // Actual deletion of code and data will be handled by later
            // reconciliation step
        } else {
            msg = "Updated system app + " + deletedAppName
                    + " no longer present; removing system privileges for "
                    + deletedAppName;

            deletedPkg.applicationInfo.flags &= ~ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM;

            PackageSetting deletedPs = mSettings.mPackages.get(deletedAppName);
            deletedPs.pkgFlags &= ~ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM;
        }
        logCriticalInfo(Log.WARN, msg);
    }

    /**
     * Make sure all system apps that we expected to appear on
     * the userdata partition actually showed up. If they never
     * appeared, crawl back and revive the system version.
     */
    for (int i = 0; i < mExpectingBetter.size(); i++) {
        final String packageName = mExpectingBetter.keyAt(i);
        if (!mPackages.containsKey(packageName)) {
            final File scanFile = mExpectingBetter.valueAt(i);

            logCriticalInfo(Log.WARN, "Expected better " + packageName
                    + " but never showed up; reverting to system");

            int reparseFlags = mDefParseFlags;
            if (FileUtils.contains(privilegedAppDir, scanFile)) {
                reparseFlags = PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM
                        | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM_DIR
                        | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_PRIVILEGED;
            } else if (FileUtils.contains(systemAppDir, scanFile)) {
                reparseFlags = PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM
                        | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM_DIR;
            } else if (FileUtils.contains(vendorAppDir, scanFile)) {
                reparseFlags = PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM
                        | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM_DIR;
            } else if (FileUtils.contains(oemAppDir, scanFile)) {
                reparseFlags = PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM
                        | PackageParser.PARSE_IS_SYSTEM_DIR;
            } else {
                Slog.e(TAG, "Ignoring unexpected fallback path " + scanFile);
                continue;
            }

            mSettings.enableSystemPackageLPw(packageName);

            try {
                scanPackageTracedLI(scanFile, reparseFlags, scanFlags, 0, null);
            } catch (PackageManagerException e) {
                Slog.e(TAG, "Failed to parse original system package: "
                        + e.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }
}
mExpectingBetter.clear();

// Resolve protected action filters. Only the setup wizard is allowed to
// have a high priority filter for these actions.
mSetupWizardPackage = getSetupWizardPackageName();
if (mProtectedFilters.size() > 0) {
    if (DEBUG_FILTERS && mSetupWizardPackage == null) {
        Slog.i(TAG, "No setup wizard;"
            + " All protected intents capped to priority 0");
    }
    for (ActivityIntentInfo filter : mProtectedFilters) {
        if (filter.activity.info.packageName.equals(mSetupWizardPackage)) {
            if (DEBUG_FILTERS) {
                Slog.i(TAG, "Found setup wizard;"
                    + " allow priority " + filter.getPriority() + ";"
                    + " package: " + filter.activity.info.packageName
                    + " activity: " + filter.activity.className
                    + " priority: " + filter.getPriority());
            }
            // skip setup wizard; allow it to keep the high priority filter
            continue;
        }
        Slog.w(TAG, "Protected action; cap priority to 0;"
                + " package: " + filter.activity.info.packageName
                + " activity: " + filter.activity.className
                + " origPrio: " + filter.getPriority());
        filter.setPriority(0);
    }
}
mDeferProtectedFilters = false;
mProtectedFilters.clear();

// Now that we know all of the shared libraries, update all clients to have
// the correct library paths.
//给需要使用shared libraries的package找到相应的路径，并将其保存至package的usesLibraryFiles中
updateAllSharedLibrariesLPw();

for (SharedUserSetting setting : mSettings.getAllSharedUsersLPw()) {
    // NOTE: We ignore potential failures here during a system scan (like
    // the rest of the commands above) because there's precious little we
    // can do about it. A settings error is reported, though.
    adjustCpuAbisForSharedUserLPw(setting.packages, null /* scanned package */,
            false /* boot complete */);
}

// Now that we know all the packages we are keeping,
// read and update their last usage times.
mPackageUsage.readLP();
 
 
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当mOnlyCore = false时，则scanDirLI()还会收集如下目录中的apk
/data/app
/data/app-private

阶段4：BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SCAN_END

EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_SCAN_END,
                    SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
            Slog.i(TAG, "Time to scan packages: "
                    + ((SystemClock.uptimeMillis()-startTime)/1000f)
                    + " seconds");

            // If the platform SDK has changed since the last time we booted,
            // we need to re-grant app permission to catch any new ones that
            // appear.  This is really a hack, and means that apps can in some
            // cases get permissions that the user didn't initially explicitly
            // allow...  it would be nice to have some better way to handle
            // this situation.
            int updateFlags = UPDATE_PERMISSIONS_ALL;
            if (ver.sdkVersion != mSdkVersion) {
                Slog.i(TAG, "Platform changed from " + ver.sdkVersion + " to "
                        + mSdkVersion + "; regranting permissions for internal storage");
                updateFlags |= UPDATE_PERMISSIONS_REPLACE_PKG | UPDATE_PERMISSIONS_REPLACE_ALL;
            }
            //当sdk版本不一致时，,更新相关信息，并给需要使用权限的apk分配相应的权限
            updatePermissionsLPw(null, null, StorageManager.UUID_PRIVATE_INTERNAL, updateFlags);
            ver.sdkVersion = mSdkVersion;

            // If this is the first boot or an update from pre-M, and it is a normal
            // boot, then we need to initialize the default preferred apps across
            // all defined users.
            //当这是ota后的首次启动，正常启动则需要清除目录的缓存代码
            if (!onlyCore && (mPromoteSystemApps || !mRestoredSettings)) {
                for (UserInfo user : sUserManager.getUsers(true)) {
                    mSettings.applyDefaultPreferredAppsLPw(this, user.id);
                    applyFactoryDefaultBrowserLPw(user.id);
                    primeDomainVerificationsLPw(user.id);
                }
            }

            // Prepare storage for system user really early during boot,
            // since core system apps like SettingsProvider and SystemUI
            // can't wait for user to start
            final int storageFlags;
            if (StorageManager.isFileEncryptedNativeOrEmulated()) {
                storageFlags = StorageManager.FLAG_STORAGE_DE;
            } else {
                storageFlags = StorageManager.FLAG_STORAGE_DE | StorageManager.FLAG_STORAGE_CE;
            }
            reconcileAppsDataLI(StorageManager.UUID_PRIVATE_INTERNAL, UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM,
                    storageFlags);

            // If this is first boot after an OTA, and a normal boot, then
            // we need to clear code cache directories.
            // Note that we do *not* clear the application profiles. These remain valid
            // across OTAs and are used to drive profile verification (post OTA) and
            // profile compilation (without waiting to collect a fresh set of profiles).
            if (mIsUpgrade && !onlyCore) {
                Slog.i(TAG, "Build fingerprint changed; clearing code caches");
                for (int i = 0; i < mSettings.mPackages.size(); i++) {
                    final PackageSetting ps = mSettings.mPackages.valueAt(i);
                    if (Objects.equals(StorageManager.UUID_PRIVATE_INTERNAL, ps.volumeUuid)) {
                        // No apps are running this early, so no need to freeze
                        clearAppDataLIF(ps.pkg, UserHandle.USER_ALL,
                                StorageManager.FLAG_STORAGE_DE | StorageManager.FLAG_STORAGE_CE
                                        | Installer.FLAG_CLEAR_CODE_CACHE_ONLY);
                    }
                }
                ver.fingerprint = Build.FINGERPRINT;
            }

            checkDefaultBrowser();

            // clear only after permissions and other defaults have been updated
            //当权限和其他默认项都完成更新，则清理相关信息
            mExistingSystemPackages.clear();
            mPromoteSystemApps = false;

            // All the changes are done during package scanning.
            ver.databaseVersion = Settings.CURRENT_DATABASE_VERSION;

            // can downgrade to reader
            //信息写回packages.xml文件
            mSettings.writeLPr();

            // Perform dexopt on all apps that mark themselves as coreApps. We do this pretty
            // early on (before the package manager declares itself as early) because other
            // components in the system server might ask for package contexts for these apps.
            //
            // Note that "onlyCore" in this context means the system is encrypted or encrypting
            // (i.e, that the data partition is unavailable).
            if ((isFirstBoot() || isUpgrade() || VMRuntime.didPruneDalvikCache()) && !onlyCore) {
                long start = System.nanoTime();
                List<PackageParser.Package> coreApps = new ArrayList<>();
                for (PackageParser.Package pkg : mPackages.values()) {
                    if (pkg.coreApp) {
                        coreApps.add(pkg);
                    }
                }

                int[] stats = performDexOpt(coreApps, false,
                        getCompilerFilterForReason(REASON_CORE_APP));

                final int elapsedTimeSeconds =
                        (int) TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toSeconds(System.nanoTime() - start);
                MetricsLogger.histogram(mContext, "opt_coreapps_time_s", elapsedTimeSeconds);

                if (DEBUG_DEXOPT) {
                    Slog.i(TAG, "Dex-opt core apps took : " + elapsedTimeSeconds + " seconds (" +
                            stats[0] + ", " + stats[1] + ", " + stats[2] + ")");
                }


                // TODO: Should we log these stats to tron too ?
                // MetricsLogger.histogram(mContext, "opt_coreapps_num_dexopted", stats[0]);
                // MetricsLogger.histogram(mContext, "opt_coreapps_num_skipped", stats[1]);
                // MetricsLogger.histogram(mContext, "opt_coreapps_num_failed", stats[2]);
                // MetricsLogger.histogram(mContext, "opt_coreapps_num_total", coreApps.size());
            }
 
 
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阶段5：BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_READY

EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_PMS_READY,
                    SystemClock.uptimeMillis());

            if (!mOnlyCore) {
                mRequiredVerifierPackage = getRequiredButNotReallyRequiredVerifierLPr();
                mRequiredInstallerPackage = getRequiredInstallerLPr();
                mIntentFilterVerifierComponent = getIntentFilterVerifierComponentNameLPr();
                mIntentFilterVerifier = new IntentVerifierProxy(mContext,
                        mIntentFilterVerifierComponent);
                mServicesSystemSharedLibraryPackageName = getRequiredSharedLibraryLPr(
                        PackageManager.SYSTEM_SHARED_LIBRARY_SERVICES);
                mSharedSystemSharedLibraryPackageName = getRequiredSharedLibraryLPr(
                        PackageManager.SYSTEM_SHARED_LIBRARY_SHARED);
            } else {
                mRequiredVerifierPackage = null;
                mRequiredInstallerPackage = null;
                mIntentFilterVerifierComponent = null;
                mIntentFilterVerifier = null;
                mServicesSystemSharedLibraryPackageName = null;
                mSharedSystemSharedLibraryPackageName = null;
            }

            mInstallerService = new PackageInstallerService(context, this);

            final ComponentName ephemeralResolverComponent = getEphemeralResolverLPr();
            final ComponentName ephemeralInstallerComponent = getEphemeralInstallerLPr();
            // both the installer and resolver must be present to enable ephemeral
            if (ephemeralInstallerComponent != null && ephemeralResolverComponent != null) {
                if (DEBUG_EPHEMERAL) {
                    Slog.i(TAG, "Ephemeral activated; resolver: " + ephemeralResolverComponent
                            + " installer:" + ephemeralInstallerComponent);
                }
                mEphemeralResolverComponent = ephemeralResolverComponent;
                mEphemeralInstallerComponent = ephemeralInstallerComponent;
                setUpEphemeralInstallerActivityLP(mEphemeralInstallerComponent);
                mEphemeralResolverConnection =
                        new EphemeralResolverConnection(mContext, mEphemeralResolverComponent);
            } else {
                if (DEBUG_EPHEMERAL) {
                    final String missingComponent =
                            (ephemeralResolverComponent == null)
                            ? (ephemeralInstallerComponent == null)
                                    ? "resolver and installer"
                                    : "resolver"
                            : "installer";
                    Slog.i(TAG, "Ephemeral deactivated; missing " + missingComponent);
                }
                mEphemeralResolverComponent = null;
                mEphemeralInstallerComponent = null;
                mEphemeralResolverConnection = null;
            }

            mEphemeralApplicationRegistry = new EphemeralApplicationRegistry(this);
        } // synchronized (mPackages)
        } // synchronized (mInstallLock)

        // Now after opening every single application zip, make sure they
        // are all flushed.  Not really needed, but keeps things nice and
        // tidy.
        Runtime.getRuntime().gc();

        // The initial scanning above does many calls into installd while
        // holding the mPackages lock, but we're mostly interested in yelling
        // once we have a booted system.
        mInstaller.setWarnIfHeld(mPackages);

        // Expose private service for system components to use.
        LocalServices.addService(PackageManagerInternal.class, new PackageManagerInternalImpl());
 
 
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PKMS初始化完成阶段，还会创建一个PackageInstaller服务。

public PackageInstallerService(Context context, PackageManagerService pm) {
    mContext = context;
    mPm = pm;
    //创建名为”PackageInstaller“的Handler线程
    mInstallThread = new HandlerThread(TAG);
    mInstallThread.start();

    mInstallHandler = new Handler(mInstallThread.getLooper());

    mCallbacks = new Callbacks(mInstallThread.getLooper());

    mSessionsFile = new AtomicFile(
            new File(Environment.getSystemSecureDirectory(), "install_sessions.xml"));
    mSessionsDir = new File(Environment.getSystemSecureDirectory(), "install_sessions");
    mSessionsDir.mkdirs();

    synchronized (mSessions) {
        readSessionsLocked();

        reconcileStagesLocked(StorageManager.UUID_PRIVATE_INTERNAL);

        final ArraySet<File> unclaimedIcons = newArraySet(
                mSessionsDir.listFiles());

        for (int i = 0; i < mSessions.size(); i++) {
            final PackageInstallerSession session = mSessions.valueAt(i);
            unclaimedIcons.remove(buildAppIconFile(session.sessionId));
        }

        for (File icon : unclaimedIcons) {
            icon.delete();
        }
    }
}
 
 
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PKMS初始化过程，分为5个阶段：
PMS_START阶段：
创建Settings对象；
将6类shareUserId到mSettings；
初始化SystemConfig；
创建名为“PackageManager”的handler线程mHandlerThread;
创建UserManagerService多用户管理服务；
通过解析4大目录中的xmL文件构造共享mSharedLibraries；
PMS_SYSTEM_SCAN_START阶段：
扫描系统apk;
PMS_DATA_SCAN_START阶段：
扫描/data/app目录下的apk;
扫描/data/app-private目录下的apk;
PMS_SCAN_END阶段：
将上述信息写回/data/system/packages.xml;
PMS_READY阶段：
创建服务PackageInstallerService；

PKMS.systemReady

@Override
    public void systemReady() {
        mSystemReady = true;

        // Read the compatibilty setting when the system is ready.
        boolean compatibilityModeEnabled = android.provider.Settings.Global.getInt(
                mContext.getContentResolver(),
                android.provider.Settings.Global.COMPATIBILITY_MODE, 1) == 1;
        PackageParser.setCompatibilityModeEnabled(compatibilityModeEnabled);
        if (DEBUG_SETTINGS) {
            Log.d(TAG, "compatibility mode:" + compatibilityModeEnabled);
        }

        int[] grantPermissionsUserIds = EMPTY_INT_ARRAY;

        synchronized (mPackages) {
            // Verify that all of the preferred activity components actually
            // exist.  It is possible for applications to be updated and at
            // that point remove a previously declared activity component that
            // had been set as a preferred activity.  We try to clean this up
            // the next time we encounter that preferred activity, but it is
            // possible for the user flow to never be able to return to that
            // situation so here we do a sanity check to make sure we haven't
            // left any junk around.
            ArrayList<PreferredActivity> removed = new ArrayList<PreferredActivity>();
            for (int i=0; i<mSettings.mPreferredActivities.size(); i++) {
                PreferredIntentResolver pir = mSettings.mPreferredActivities.valueAt(i);
                removed.clear();
                for (PreferredActivity pa : pir.filterSet()) {
                    if (mActivities.mActivities.get(pa.mPref.mComponent) == null) {
                        removed.add(pa);
                    }
                }
                if (removed.size() > 0) {
                    for (int r=0; r<removed.size(); r++) {
                        PreferredActivity pa = removed.get(r);
                        Slog.w(TAG, "Removing dangling preferred activity: "
                                + pa.mPref.mComponent);
                        pir.removeFilter(pa);
                    }
                    mSettings.writePackageRestrictionsLPr(
                            mSettings.mPreferredActivities.keyAt(i));
                }
            }

            for (int userId : UserManagerService.getInstance().getUserIds()) {
                if (!mSettings.areDefaultRuntimePermissionsGrantedLPr(userId)) {
                    grantPermissionsUserIds = ArrayUtils.appendInt(
                            grantPermissionsUserIds, userId);
                }
            }
        }
        sUserManager.systemReady();//多用户服务

        // If we upgraded grant all default permissions before kicking off.
        //升级所有已获取的默认权限
        for (int userId : grantPermissionsUserIds) {
            mDefaultPermissionPolicy.grantDefaultPermissions(userId);
        }

        // Kick off any messages waiting for system ready
        //处理所有等待系统准备就绪的消息
        if (mPostSystemReadyMessages != null) {
            for (Message msg : mPostSystemReadyMessages) {
                msg.sendToTarget();
            }
            mPostSystemReadyMessages = null;
        }

        // Watch for external volumes that come and go over time
        //观察外部存储设备
        final StorageManager storage = mContext.getSystemService(StorageManager.class);
        storage.registerListener(mStorageListener);

        mInstallerService.systemReady();
        mPackageDexOptimizer.systemReady();

        MountServiceInternal mountServiceInternal = LocalServices.getService(
                MountServiceInternal.class);
        mountServiceInternal.addExternalStoragePolicy(
                new MountServiceInternal.ExternalStorageMountPolicy() {
            @Override
            public int getMountMode(int uid, String packageName) {
                if (Process.isIsolated(uid)) {
                    return Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_NONE;
                }
                if (checkUidPermission(WRITE_MEDIA_STORAGE, uid) == PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    return Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_DEFAULT;
                }
                if (checkUidPermission(READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, uid) == PERMISSION_DENIED) {
                    return Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_DEFAULT;
                }
                if (checkUidPermission(WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, uid) == PERMISSION_DENIED) {
                    return Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_READ;
                }
                return Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_WRITE;
            }

            @Override
            public boolean hasExternalStorage(int uid, String packageName) {
                return true;
            }
        });

        // Now that we're mostly running, clean up stale users and apps
        reconcileUsers(StorageManager.UUID_PRIVATE_INTERNAL);
        reconcileApps(StorageManager.UUID_PRIVATE_INTERNAL);
    }
 
 
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至此，PackageManagerService启动流程分析完毕，如有错误之处，欢迎留言指正。

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