IP网络基础汇总：你应该懂的知识

1、基本IP网络理论

A. OSI模型

B. 路由协议概念 (Split horizon, Link state, difference between switching and routing, Summarization,

距离矢量 vs. 链路状态, loops, Tunneling)

C. Standards (802.x, cable specs, protocol limitations)

D. 协议机制 (Windowing/ACK, fragmentation, MTU, handshaking, termination)

2、以太网交换基础

A. Data Link Layer (addressing, 802.2)

B. Ethernet/FE/GE (encapsulation, CSMA/CD, topology, speed, controller errors, limitations)

C. 以太网交换 (Trunking, VTP, DISL, VLANS, Fast Ether Channel (FEC), CDP, CGMP)

D. 安全(VACL, RACL, Private VLANS)

E. STP生成树协议

3、TCP/IP协议

A. IP地址 (CIDR, subnetting, ARP, NAT, HSRP)

B. 一些IP网络服务 (DNS, BOOTP, DHCP, ICMP)

C. 应用协议 (telnet, FTP, TFTP)

D. TCP/UDP (IP fragmentation, sockets, ports)

E. 访问控制列表ACLs

F. IPv6基础

4、IP路由协议

A. OSPF (I -Design: areas, Virtual links, stub, NSSA, ABR/ASBR redistributions, media dependencies,

external vs. internal, Summarization.

II - Operation: DR, BDR, adjacencies, LSA types, link state database, SPF algorithm, authentication)

B. BGP( I -Design: Peer Groups, Route Reflectors, Confederations, Clusters, Attributes, AS.

II - Operation: Route Maps, Filters, Neighbors, decision algorithm, IBGP, EBGP)

C. EIGRP (Metrics, mechanics, & design)

D. IS-IS (Metrics, mechanics, & design)

E. ACLs (distribute lists, route maps, policy routing, redistribution, route tagging)

F IGRP

G. RIP

H. RIPv2

5、VPN技术

GRE、MPLS L2VPN/L3VPN、IPSEC、L2TP

6、安全冗余技术

PAGP/LACP、STP、HSRP/VRRP、快速收敛、NSF

7、QoS基础

IP优先级、TOS

8、WAN广域网

9、IP组播

A. 编址、IGMP/CGMP (IGMPv1, IGMPv2, Designated Querier)、PIM SM/DM、模式