网络的经济基础篇-之二-IPv4、IPv6

1      IPv4

Header Length

4-byte (32 bit), minimum = 5 (20 bytes),maximum = 15 (60 bytes)

TOS (Type of Service)

D：0 = NormalDelay                   1 = Minimize Delay

T：0 = NormalThroughput           1 = Maximize Throughput

R：0 = NormalReliability             1 = Maximize Reliability

C：0 = NormalCost                      1 = Minimize Cost

Total Length

byte(8 bit), including header and data,maximum = 65,535.

Identification

An identifying value generated by thesender to aid in assembling the fragments of a datagram.

DF

0 = Can Fragment            1 = Don’t Fragment

MF

0 = Last Fragment            1 = More Fragments

Fragment Offset

8-byte (64 bit), it indicates where thefragment belongs. The first fragment has offset zero.

Protocol

It indicates the next level protocol usedin the data portion of the datagram.

HeaderChecksum

checksum on the header only. For computingthe checksum, the checksum field is set to zero. Since some header fieldschange (e.g., TTL), the checksum field is recomputed and verified at each pointwhere the header is processed.

Padding

The padding is used to ensure that the headerends on a 32 bit boundary.

2   IPv4 Address

Host Address is divided into Subnet ID andHost ID. Subnet Mask is used todistinguish them.

 

A	10.0.0.0 ~ 10.255.255.255
B	172.16.0.0 ~ 172.31.255.255
C	192.168.0.0 ~ 192.168.255.255

Private IPv4 Address

 

Network Address	Host Addresss		Source	Destination
	Subnet ID	Host ID
0 0		0 hostid	O	X	host on the network specific host on the network
127		*	O